Nano Materials
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Die Autorin, Dipl.-Ing. bdia, AKG Sylvia Leydecker, gilt als eine der führenden Innenarchitektinnen in Deutschland und ist mit ihrem Büro 100%interior in Köln, auf das Gesundheitswesen spezialisiert: Die Projekte sind mit diversen internationalen Awards ausgezeichnet. Sie war ehrenamtliche Vizepräsidentin des bdia (Bund Deutscher Innenarchitekten) und Boardmember der IFI (International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers). Zahlreiche Vorträge und Zeitschriftenpublikationen über zukunftsorientierte Innenarchitektur und auch das Thema Nanotechnologie in Architektur, Innenarchitektur und Design.
Content
Contents
Foreword by Harry Kroto
Foreword by Michael Veith
What is nanotechnology?
The development of nanotechnology
Carbon - new morphologies
General market developments
Nanoproducts
Form Follows Function?
Ecology and economics
Is the devil in the dwarfs?
Nanotechnology and product design
Functions and applications
Self-cleaning: Lotus-Effect®
Ara Pacis Museum, Rome
Commercial building, Pula
Private residence, Aggstall
Strucksbarg housing, Hamburg
Self-cleaning: Photocatalysis
Muhammad Ali Center MAC, Louisville, Kentucky
Hyatt Regency Osaka Garden Chapel, Osaka
Narita International Airport of Tokyo, Chiba
AKT - Am Kaiser's Turm, Heilbronn
east Hotel, Hamburg
G-Flat, Tokyo
Private residence, Osaka
Private residence, Hyogo
House in Creek, Hiroshima
Disabled-access sheltered housing for elderly people, Frick
MSV Arena soccer stadium, Duisburg
Children's playground, Kagawa
Easy-to-clean (ETC)
Science to Business Center Nanotronics & Bio, Marl
Kaldewei Kompetenz-Center, Ahlen
Private residence, Erlenbach
Modern Classicism, Shanghai
Urban lounge / Light bubbles, St. Gallen
Air-purifying
Atelier and villa for a calligrapher, Ymanashi
Paving for Leien Boulevard, Antwerp
Jubilee Church, Rome
Anti-fogging
Fragrance capsules
Thermal insulation: Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs)
Sonnenschiff centre, Freiburg
Seitzstraße residential and commercial building, Munich
Thermal insulation: Aerogel
County Zoo, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
School extension, London
Sports hall, Carquefou
Factory, Zaisertshofen
Temperature regulation: Latent heat storage, phase change materials (PCMs)
"Sur Falveng" sheltered housing for elderly people, Domat/Ems
UV protection
Solar protection
Fire-proof
Deutsche Post headquarters, Bonn
Waverley Gate, Edinburgh
Anti-graffiti
New Centre Ulm
Hofjäger Palais, Berlin
Anti-reflective
Antibacterial
Housing estate, Duisburg
Operating theatre, Goslar
Operating theatre, Berlin
Patients' hospital room prototype, Berlin
Anti-fingerprint
Scratchproof and abrasion-resistant
Holistic application of nano surfaces
Acknowledgements
People
Trade fairs, conferences and events
Sources and further information
Illustration credits
According to several surveys, the predicted market development in the field of nanotechnology is enormous. Nanotechnology is a growth market with a huge potential. Business enterprises, banks and business consultancies outstrip one another in their estimation of the market potential of nanotechnology. Politicians are equally active and numerous governments are funding nanotechnology initiatives.
The primary motivations are economic growth, better international competitiveness resulting from innovation and technological advantages, the creation and securing of jobs and the principle of tackling environmental problems through appropriate technology. Strategy plans are drawn up, such as the German government`s "Nano-Initiative - Action Plan 2010", and exchanges between science, business and politics are intensified to help translate scientific know-how into marketable products. On the international arena, the USA, Japan and Germany form a triumvirate of nanotechnological development and currently lead the field. China, South Korea and Russia are rapidly catching up and other nations such as India are currently mobilising. In Asia, Japan heads the field with Germany clearly occupying first place in Europe.
In the European context, the EU has provided almost 3.5 billion Euro through its "Cooperation" programme for nanotechnology, nanosciences, materials and new production techniques as part of the 7th EU Research Framework Programme (2007-2013). In Germany, the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) has funded research in the field of nanotechnology since the late 1980s (146.5 million Euro in 2007) and since 1997 provides special funding for nano-enterprises.
In January 2000, the US government under President Clinton founded the "National Nanotechnology Initiative", which since then has been responsible for the sizeable financial funding of research and development activities. In December 2003, President George Bush signed the "21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act" in the Oval Office, providing a further 3.7 billion US dollars of research and development funding between 2005 and 2008. According to the New York business consultancy Lux Research, a total of 12.4 billion US dollars were invested worldwide in research and development in the field in 2006, with nanotechnology-based products already being responsible for a turnover in excess of 50 billion US dollars.
Governments supported nanotechnology to the tune of 6.4 billion US dollars in 2006,10% more than in 2005. The USA provides the most funding, followed by Japan and Germany. If one takes into account the comparative international purchasing power parity (PPP) in this context, then China also counts among the leading nations. On a critical note, very little of the respective countries` funding budgets are used to investigate the potential risks of nanotechnology. In 2006, the industry invested 5.3 billion US dollars worldwide in research and development (19% more than in 2005) with China expanding its investments significantly (68% more than in 2005).
Patent applications in the field rose by 30% totalling more than 10,000 submissions. Of these, 6801 were registered in the USA, with Germany following in second place with 773 applications. Just as it is difficult to comprehend the minute scale of the nanometre, so are the near-utopian figures quoted for the future by the world of finance. As small as "nano" may be, the market estimation for the field seems inversely proportionate. Lux Research estimates the global market volume for nano-based products in 2010 at 500 billion US dollars, with a projected 2.6 trillion US dollars in 2014. In short, in the time span between 2010 and 2015, nano-based products will have become commonplace and have achieved major market penetration.
