Elementary Statistics in Social Research: Essentials
Description
This edition of the text offers an essential and accessible overview to the introduction to social statistics. Clearly written with detailed step-by-step illustrations of statistical procedures, the text provides clear and logical explanations for the rationale and use of statistical methods of social research. Numerous end-of-chapter questions in every chapter reinforce key concepts to students.
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Content
Part I Description Chapter 2 Organizing the Data
Chapter 3 Measures of Central Tendency Chapter 4 Measures of Variability
Part II From Description to Decision Making
Chapter 5 Probability and the Normal CurveChapter 6 Samples and Populations
Part III Decision Making
Chapter 7 Testing Differences Between Means
Chapter 8 Analysis of Variance
Chapter 9 Nonparametric Tests of Significance
Part IV From Decision Making to Association
Chapter 10 Correlation Chapter 11 Regression Analysis Chapter 12 Nonparametric Measures of CorrelationCOMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
The Nature of Social Research Why Test Hypotheses?
The Stages of Social Research
Using Series of Numbers to Do Social Research
The Functions of Statistics
Looking at the Larger Picture: A Student Survey
Part I Description
Chapter 2 Organizing the Data
Frequency Distributions of Nominal Data
Comparing Distributions
Proportions and Percentages
Simple Frequency Distributions of Ordinal and Interval Data
Grouped Frequency Distributions of Interval Data
Cumulative Distributions
Dealing with Decimal Data
Flexible Class Intervals
Cross-Tabulations
Graphic Presentations
Chapter 3 Measures of Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
The Mean
Taking One Step at a Time
Step-by-Step Illustration: Mode, Median and Mean
Comparing the Mode, Median, and Mean
Chapter 4 Measures of Variability
The Range
The Variance and Standard Deviation
Step-by-Step Illustration: Standard deviation
The Raw-Score Formula for Variance and Standard Deviation
Step-by-Step Illustration: Variance and Standard Deviation Using Raw Scores
The Meaning of the Standard Deviation
Comparing Measures of Variability
Looking at the Larger Picture: Describing Data
Part II From Description to Decision Making
Chapter 5 Probability and the Normal Curve
Probability
Probability Distributions
The Normal Curve as a Probability Distribution
Characteristics of the Normal Curve
The Model and the Reality of the Normal Curve
The Area Under the Normal Curve
Finding Probability Under the Normal Curve
Step-by-Step Illustration: Probability under the Normal Curve
Chapter 6 Samples and Populations
Random Sampling
Sampling Error
Sampling Distribution of Means
Standard Error of the Mean
Confidence Intervals
The t Distribution
Step-by-Step Illustration: Confidence Interval Using t
Estimating Proportions
Step-by-Step Illustration: Confidence Intervals for Proportions
Looking at the Larger Picture: Generalizing From Samples to Po
