
The Soviet Biological Weapons Program
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This is the first attempt to understand the full scope of the USSR's offensive biological weapons research, from inception in the 1920s. Gorbachev tried to end the program, but the U.S. and U.K. never obtained clear evidence that he succeeded, raising the question whether the means for waging biological warfare could be present in Russia today.
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Persons
LeitenbergMilton : Milton Leitenberg is Senior Research Scholar at the University of Maryland.ZilinskasRaymond A.: Raymond A. Zilinskas is Director of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program at the Monterey Institute of International Studies.
Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Note on Transliteration
- Introduction
- 1. The Soviet Union's Biological Warfare Program, 1918- 1972
- 2. Beginnings of the "Modern" Soviet BW program, 1970- 1977
- 3. USSR Ministry of Defense Facilities and Its Biological Warfare Program
- 4. Open-Air Testing of Biological Weapons by Aralsk- 7 on Vozrozhdeniye Island
- 5. Soviet Civilian Sector Defenses against Biological Warfare and Infectious Diseases
- 6. Biopreparat's Role in the Soviet Biological Warfare Program and Its Survival in Russia
- 7. Biopreparat's State Research Center for Applied Microbiology (SRCAM)
- 8. All-Union Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Scientific -Production Association "Vector"
- 9. Biopreparat Facilities at Leningrad, Lyubuchany, and Stepnogorsk
- 10. Soviet Biological Weapons and Doctrines for Their Use
- 11. Distinguishing between Offensive and Defensive Biological Warfare Activities
- 12. Assessments of Soviet Biological Warfare Activities by Western Intelligence Services
- 13. United States Covert Biological Warfare Disinformation
- 14. Soviet Allegations of the Use of Biological Weapons by the United States
- 15. Sverdlovsk 1979: The Release of Bacillus anthracis Spores from a Soviet Ministry of Defense Facility and Its Consequences
- 16. Soviet Research on Mycotoxins
- 17. Assistance by Warsaw Pact States to the Soviet Union's Biological Warfare Program
- 18. The Question of Proliferation from the USSR Biological Warfare Program
- 19. Recalcitrant Russian Policies in a Parallel Area: Chemical Weapon Demilitarization
- 20. The Soviet Union, Russia, and Biological Warfare Arms Control
- 21. The Gorbachev Years: The Soviet Biological Weapons Program, 1985-1992
- 22. Boris Yeltsin to the Present
- 23. United States and International Efforts to Prevent Proliferation of Biological Weapons Expertise from the Former Soviet Union
- Conclusion
- Annex A: Acronyms and Russian Terms
- Annex B: Glossary
- Annex C: A Joint Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, USSR, and the USSR Council of Ministers, dated 24 June 1981
- Annex D: Joint US/UK/Russian Statement of Biological Weapons, September 1992
- Notes
- Acknowledgments
- Index
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