Machine Translation
Linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology of evaluation
1st Edition
Published on 1. January 1988
VIII, 240 pages
978-90-272-8620-8 (ISBN)
Description
The use of the computer in translating natural languages ranges from that of a translator's aid for word processing and dictionary lookup to that of a full-fledged translator on its own. However the obstacles to translating by means of the computer are primarily linguistic. To overcome them it is necessary to resolve the ambiguities that pervade a natural language when words and sentences are viewed in isolation. The problem then is to formalize, in the computer, these aspects of natural language understanding. The authors show how, from a linguistic point of view, one may form some idea of what goes on inside a system's black box, given only the input (original text) and the raw output (translated text before post-editing). Many examples of English/French translation are used to illustrate the principles involved.
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John Lehrberger | Laurent Bourbeau
Machine Translation
Linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology of evaluation
Book
01/1988
John Benjamins Publishing Co
€111.30
Shipment within 10-15 days
Content
- MACHINE TRANSLATION
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- PREFACE
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. IDENTIFICATION OF SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
- 2.1 DEGREE OF AUTOMATION
- 2.1.1 MACHINE-AIDED HUMAN TRANSLATION (MAHT)
- 2.1.2 HUMAN-AIDED MACHINE TRANSLATION (HAMT)
- 2.1.3 FULLY AUTOMATIC MACHINE TRANSLATION (FAMT)
- 2.2 DEPTH OF ANALYSIS
- 2.2.1 LOCAL ANALYSIS
- 2.2.2 FULL SENTENCE ANALYSIS
- 2.3 TYPE OF TRANSFER
- 2.3.1 DIRECT TRANSFER
- 2.3.2 PIVOT LANGUAGE
- 2.3.3 SUMMARY: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- 2.4 TRANSLATION MODULARIZATION
- 2.4.1 SEQUENTIAL PHASES
- 2.4.2 NON-SEQUENTIAL PHASES
- 2.4.3 ADVANTAGES OF MODULARIZATION
- 2.5 DOMAIN DEPENDENCY
- 2.5.1 LEXICAL
- 2.5.2 SYNTACTIC
- 3. LINGUISTIC COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM
- 3.1 LEXICAL COMPONENT
- 3.1.1 NUMBER OF DICTIONARIES
- 3.1.2 INFORMATION CONTENT
- 3.1.3 FORM OF A LEXICAL ENTRY
- 3.1.4 IDIOMS
- 3.2 MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENT
- 3.2.1 PRELIMINARY PROCESSING
- 3.2.2 INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
- 3.2.3 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY
- 3.2.4 COMPOSITIONAL MORPHOLOGY
- 3.3 SYNTACTIC COMPONENT
- 3.3.1 SIMPLE SENTENCE
- 3.3.2 COMPLEX SENTENCE
- 3.3.3 COMPLEX CONSTITUENT
- 3.4 SEMANTIC COMPONENT
- 3.4.1 WORD LEVEL
- 3.4.2 SYNTAGMATIC LEVEL
- 4. BUILDING A SYSTEM
- 4.1 CORPUS-BASED APPROACH
- 4.2 STANDARD GRAMMAR APPROACH
- 5. LINGUISTIC EVALUATION BY THE USER
- 5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF USER'S NEEDS AND CONSTRAINTS
- 5.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXTS TO BE TRANSLATED
- 5.1.2 PROJECTED LEVEL OF AUTOMATION
- 5.1.3 CONSTRAINTS ON QUALITY OF TRANSLATION
- 5.2 EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF LINGUISTIC COMPONENTS
- 5.2.1. BUILDING TEST SENTENCES
- 5.2.2. SELECTION OF SAMPLE TEXTS
- 5.2.3. CLASSIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
- 5.3 EVALUATION OF SYSTEM'S POTENTIAL
- 5.3.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM
- 5.3.2 IMPROVABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
- 5.4 EVALUATION OF USER ENVIRONMENT
- 5.4.1 MAINTENANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM
- 5.4.1.1 DICTIONARY BUILDING
- 5.4.1.2 GRAMMAR MAINTENANCE
- 5.4.1.3 SPECIALIZATION OF PERSONNEL
- 5.4.2 "GARBAGE COLLECTOR" FACILITIES
- 5.4.3 TEXT EDITOR USED FOR HUMAN REVISION
- 5.4.4 DOCUMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
- 5.5 GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF SYSTEM'S ACCEPTABILITY TO THE USER
- 6. CONCLUSION
- NOTES
- APPENDIX A. A SYNTHESIS OF EVALUATIONS OF MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEMS
- APPENDIX B. AN EXAMPLE OF A FULLY AUTOMATIC MT CHAIN
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- The series Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa
