CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY-BIRTH AND PARENTAGE-ROVING DISPOSITION-RAFTING ON THE ST. LAWRENCE-BLACKHAWK WAR-CHOLERA-VISIT TO ST. LOUIS-NEW ORLEANS-WASHINGTON-THE DELAWARE-VOYAGE TO BRAZIL-THE CHASE FOR PIRATES-SHIP PREBLE-NEWFOUNDLAND FISHERMEN-SHIPWRECK-ARRIVAL IN TEXAS.

THE COURSE OF MY LIFE, which has now passed the boundary of half a century, has varied so far from the ordinary current of human existence that many of my friends, on whose judgment I rely, have urged me to furnish a statement of my history for publication. I have yielded to their solicitations, and shall endeavor in the progress of this narrative, to describe the adventures it has been my fortune to encounter, especially while a volunteer among the Texan Rangers, and afterwards a captive among the Comanche Indians, without color or exaggeration.

I was born at Brownsville, near Watertown, Jefferson County, N. Y., in 1807. Parmer Lee, my father, was a farmer at that place, having always been engaged in agricultural pursuits, except a short period during the last war, when he joined the forces under Brown raised for the defence of the Frontier. Our family was originally from Catskill on the Hudson, the native town of my grandfather, one of the soldiers of the Revolution, who participated in the battles of Saratoga and was present at the surrender of Burgoyne.

During my minority I was remarkable for nothing I can now recall, save a most hardy constitution and athletic frame, and an intense longing to rove out into the world. In early youth I had resolved, as soon as released from paternal restraint, to pass the horizon that bounded my quiet home, and learn, as far as in my power, of all the lands that lay beyond. Indulging this propensity, my first adventure from home, on coming to man's estate, was a trip upon a raft from Sacket's Harbor on Lake Ontario, through the St. Lawrence to Quebec. In the character of boatman and raftsman I remained on this River, more or less for several years, sometimes sailing among the Thousand Islands, at others descending the swift rapids, but nothing occurring in the meantime of sufficient interest to relate.

In 1831 the attention of the whole country was turned towards the Blackhawk war. The obstinate resistance of that celebrated chief who was desolating the homes of the settlers in the far west, rendered it necessary for Government to resort to severe measures in order to subdue him. In answer to a call for volunteers I joined Capt. Hall, in May of that year, at Buffalo. We left the latter place in the steamer Eagle, directing our course up the lake for the harbor of Detroit. The cholera, however breaking out upon the voyage, which resulted in the death of several on board, we were not permitted to approach Detroit, but forced to land at a point known, I believe, as Gratiot. Here we met General Scott, who gave orders, in consequence of the great violence of the epidemic, that the forces should proceed westward in small detached parties. Accordingly a company of four of us, found our way across the country as far as Prairie Du Chien, where we were disappointed to learn that the hitherto indomitable Blackhawk with his Prophet and chief warriors had been taken captive, and that the war was closed.

Not desiring to turn back, but on the contrary, anxious to visit other localities of which I had heard much, I journeyed onward to St. Louis, and after a brief delay, proceeded to New Orleans, visiting every town of importance on both sides the Father of Rivers, between those cities. Lingering but a short time in New Orleans I set forward once more, and making the best progress I was able, eventually reached Washington, where, receiving the appointment of master's mate, I was sent on board the ship Delaware, then lying at Portsmouth, near Norfolk, and sailed for New York. Here, I was transferred to the Ontario sloop of war, Captain Salters, and turning my course south again, departed for the distant region of Brazil 'Arriving at Rio Janeiro, after enduring much suffering, from the want of fresh water, we were ordered by the American consul to sail in pursuit of pirates which at that time were known to be lurking in the vicinity of the Island of St. Thomas and along the African Coast. Our search, however, was unsuccessful, though we pursued it to the extremity of compelling the black governor of the Island to open the doors of his prison cells, thinking we might perhaps, find the objects of our pursuit among the malefactors they contained.

Returned to Rio Janeiro from this fruitless cruise, memorable only for the small pox which decimated our crew, we joined the main squadron then lying at this port, Commodore Renshaw commanding. From thence we frequently sailed on voyages more or less remote-sometimes ascending the Rio Plato, blockaded by the Portuguese-sometimes protecting consuls in the sea port towns of South America-from time to time transferred from one vessel to another, until at last in the year 1838, after seven years of wandering, I found myself on board the sloop of war Fairfield, anchored off the metropolis of my native state, having traversed a large portion of the western continent, and experienced much of good and evil fortune, both on land and sea.

Shortly after, I was transferred to the sloop of war Preble, Captain Breese, which had been ordered to proceed to Newfoundland to cruise among the fishermen. For some alleged encroachment, two American fishing smacks had been seized by an English man of war, an act regarded by our government as a violation of its rights, and Capt. Breese was ordered to release them. He entered the harbor of Prince Edward's Island, and anchoring within short gun shot of the offending man of war, haughtily demanded the deliverance of the captured vessels, giving him but twenty-five minutes to comply. It was a moment of extreme anxiety, and I confess myself relieved of an oppressive burden on unexpectedly hearing the demand ac ceded to. We escorted the Fishermen out into the open sea and separated, they steering for Portsmouth in New Hampshire, we returning by the way of Halifax to Boston, where I quitted finally the naval service of the United States.

Wandering around Boston some weeks, entirely unoccupied, time began to drag wearily away. To me, a life of inactivity was irksome, and casting about for some sort of employment congenial to my tastes, the rumors of troublous times in Texas at length arrested my attention. I had but a vague knowledge of events transpiring there; sufficient, however, to create within me a desire to turn my steps thitherward; and accordingly, I seized the first opportunity which offered of departing in that direction, by taking passage on the barque Gentleman, bound for New Orleans.

We had a smooth sea and favorable winds until opposite a point, known as "the hole in the wall," near the coast of Florida, where we were overtaken by a storm, more violent than any I had ever previously experienced in all my seafaring life.-Mistaking a light on our starboard for Key West, the Captain, in the confusion of the storm, ran directly on a reef. In this situation we all instinctively understood that rescue was beyond hope. Without any definite motive I clambered into the rigging, and there clung during the long hours of a night of terror, such as is not often allotted unto suffering man to bear. Swinging to and fro in the utter darkness, expecting momentarily to be swallowed up, by the remorseless waves that roared and dashed beneath, the minutest memories of the past came back upon me with a power beyond description. I was reconciled, at length, to the idea of death, but it was a grief I could not overcome, to think I should pass away forever, and none of all my kindred ever know my fate. I could have willingly released my grasp, and sank into the sea with a sense of rest, could some electric power have been given me, to convey to my distant relatives and friends a knowledge of my unhappy lot, and how, and where I died.

My contemplations, as may well be imagined, were gloomy and sorrowful indeed, nevertheless, "I still lived." Hour after hour passed drearily away; but at last the sun, which seemed to have lingered ages on its eternal round, rose above the horizon in the East. Gradually the winds died away as the light overspread the wide expanse, and the furies which had shrieked around us through the night disappeared, as if ashamed to continue their revels in the face of day. Better still, we presently discovered boats approaching us from the shore, the dim outline of which was barely visible to the eye. They proved to be wreckers, who gain a precarious livelihood in their business, along that dangerous coast, and fortunately, as unexpectedly, succeeded in bringing us safe to land. I mention this incident with some degree of feeling, because, though I have passed through many perils since, as the reader will hereafter see, this impressed me so powerfully that time can never wear away the dread which it inspired.

We were conducted to Apalachicola, from whence, in due time, I proceeded to Galveston, and there, at once, joined the Texan navy about to send a force to the coast of Yucatan. The object of this expedition was to draw the Mexicans away from Texas. The little squadron I accompanied was commanded by Commodore Moore. We had an engagement off Yucatan which, though severe, resulted in victory to neither party, and after a few months' cruising returned to Galveston. There I determined to abandon the sea forever, and going back into the interior, traversed the...