Transforming America

Introduction
Chapter One: An Overview of Immigration to the United States, 1945-2010
Michael C. LeMay
Introduction
Immigration Laws and Policy Enacted since 1945
The Storm-Door Era, Enacting "Fortress America"
Immigration and Related Policy Issues
Conclusion
References
Chapter Two: Immigration and Education from 1945 to the Present: A Complicated and Contentious Connection
Edmund J. Sass
Introduction
An Immigration and Education Chronology
The 1940s and 1950s: Not Much to Talk About
Civil Rights, Education, and Immigration Reform in the 1960s
The Litigious 1970s
The 1980s: Refugees and the Reagan Years
The 1990s: Litigation and Legislation
The 21st Century
Now and in the Future
References
Chapter Three: The Search for Talent
Allan C. Ornstein
Introduction
Geography and Smart Thinking
Reaffirming the Best and the Brightest
Brain Drain Counts
Centers of Creativity
Conclusion
References
Chapter Four: The Policy Conundrum of Illegal Immigration: Exponential Growth, 1970-2010
Michael C. LeMay
Introduction
The Roots of the Problem
Legislative Acts, 1965-2006
Border Control and Antiterrorism Concerns
The Policy Conundrum-Good Politics, Bad Policy
Continuing Issues
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Five: Post-9/11 Immigration Policy, National Security, and Human Rights Implications for Muslim Americans
Elizabeth Shaffer-Wishner
Introduction
Impetus and Methods
Immigration and Post-9/11 Policies
Useful Frameworks
Immigration Policy as National Security
Immigration Policy and Human Rights
After the Scare: Post-9/11 Policy Results and Ongoing Initiatives
Questioning Realism
Implications and Recommendations
Notes
References
Chapter Six: Immigration and the U.S. Liberal Welfare State: Why Mainstream Theories Fail to Explain Patterns of Immigration and Access to Political Mobilization
Laura C. Thaut and Carla L. Reyes
Introduction
Migrant Access to the U.S. Liberal Welfare State: Stratification by Entry Categories
Pre-1965 Welfare Policy: Restriction
1965-1990: Relative Open Access
1990s: Restriction by Immigration Status
Current Policy: Further Restriction at the State Level and through Federal Enforcement Priorities
Immigrant Mobilization: Institutional Opportunity Structure in Theory and Practice
Immigrant Social Rights and Claims-Making: Power Resources Theory and Stratification
The Stratifying System of Immigrants' Social Rights: Obstacles to Collective Mobilization
Power Resources Theory Analysis
Informal Modes of Immigrant Mobilization and Social Welfare
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Seven: Gender, Immigration, and the U.S. Labor Market
Katharine M. Donato
Introduction
Immigration Policy and Implications for Employment
Gender, Employment, and Immigration
Gender and the Immigrant Labor Force
Immigrant Labor Force Participation by Age and Gender
Labor Force Activity of Specific Immigrant Groups
Discussion and Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter Eight: Thwarting Federal Immigration Reform: The Politics of Welfare Devolution in the United States
Adriano Udani
Introduction
Background of PRWORA and IIRIRA
States' Rights and Noncitizen Membership in America
Implications
Suggestions for Research
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter Nine: Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration Policy
Elizabeth Fussell
Introduction
Trends in Public Opinion on Immigration and Immigrants
Theories Explaining Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration Policy
Contact, Conflict, and Worldviews as Causes of Prejudice toward New Racial Groups
Prejudice, Interests, Identities, and Symbolic Politics as Explanations of Immigration Policy Preferences
Future Directions in Research on Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration
Notes
References
Chapter Ten: Immigrant Health and Health Care Provisions in the United States: Contemporary Paradoxes and Challenges
Fernando Riosmena and Warren C. Jochem
Introduction
The Immigrant Health Advantages
Data Artifacts
Return Migration Selection
Emigration Selection
Sociocultural Protection Originating in the United States and Sending Countries
Immigrant Health Trajectories in the United States and the Negative Acculturation Hypothesis
Immigrant Access to Health Care
Private and Public Insurances
Options beyond Health Insurance
Conclusion
A Final Cautionary Note on the Limitations of Our Review
Notes
References
Chapter Eleven: Remigration of Immigrants to the United States: Who Remigrates and Why?
Ayumi Takenaka
Introduction
General Trend of Remigration to the United States
Growing Remigration Worldwide
Estimating the Volume of Remigration to the United States
Where Do Remigrants Come From?
The Characteristics of Remigrants to the United States
Why Do They Remigrate to the United States?
Return to Human Capital
Type of Capital Accumulated in the First Host Society
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Twelve: Where Is Immigration Policy Headed? Policy Conflicts Then and Now
Katherine Fennelly and Donna R. Gabaccia
Introduction
Warfare and Immigration
Wartime Nationalism, Xenophobia, and the Creation of the Alien Invader
Rational Policies and Expanding Governments: Protecting Americans in Wartime
Warfare and the Foreign Laborers
War and Refugees
Some Concluding Thoughts
References
About the Editor and Contributors
Index