
Phonological Variation in Rural Jamaican Schools
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Content
- Phonological Variation in Rural Jamaican Schools
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of tables, figures and charts
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.0 General scope of the study
- 1.1 Sketching out the language situation in Jamaica
- 1.2 Learning standard Jamaican English in school
- 1.3 Acquisition vs. learning of speech patterns
- 1.4 Research objectives of the study
- 1.5 Theoretical framework: Variationist and usage-based models
- 1.6 Structure of the book
- Chapter 2. Variation in child phonology
- 2.0 Introduction
- 2.1 Acquiring sociolinguistic variables
- 2.2 Communicative competence
- 2.3 Phonology and phonetics intertwined in the lexicon
- 2.4 Acquiring socio-phonetic variation
- 2.5 Usage-based models of language
- 2.5.1 Frequency
- 2.6 Exemplar-based L2 learning and frequency effects
- 2.7 Sociolinguistics in SLA research
- 2.8 Summary
- Chapter 3. Language and education in Jamaica
- 3.0 Introduction
- 3.1 Sociolinguistic awareness as part of language learning
- 3.2 Note on language standardisation
- 3.2.1 Defining a 'standard' in the Jamaican context
- 3.3 SJE as the target in education
- 3.4 Official implementation vs. local representativeness of SJE
- 3.4.1 Model, input and output
- 3.5 Modelling the sounds of SJE: Pedagogy and methods
- 3.5.1 Integrated studies: Language Arts and Phonics
- 3.6 Some examples of sound drilling in the classroom
- 3.7 Summary
- Chapter 4. Researching the school communities
- 4.0 Introduction
- 4.1 Fieldwork in an educational context
- 4.2 The school communities
- 4.3 Gaining access to the schools
- 4.4 Selection of informants
- 4.4.1 Choice of age group
- 4.5 Data types and procedures
- 4.5.1 Observational data collection
- 4.5.2 Tasks and materials used for elicitation
- 4.5.3 Conduct of recordings
- 4.6 Pedagogical factors for explaining variation
- 4.6.1 Target
- 4.6.2 Frequency
- 4.7 Quantitative methods
- Chapter 5. Word-final (-t, -d) consonant clusters
- 5.0 Introduction
- 5.1 A note on terminology
- 5.2 Consonant clusters as a continuous process of acquisition
- 5.3 Acquiring SJE consonant clusters in class
- 5.4 Variationist constraints on consonant clusters
- 5.5 Some empirical findings on clusters in Jamaican
- 5.6 Consonant clusters in rural Jamaican schools
- 5.6.1 Children's acquisition of clusters as a variable process
- 5.6.2 Cluster variation in teacher speech
- 5.7 Linguistic factors
- 5.7.1 Negation clusters
- 5.7.2 Cluster absence and preceding segment
- 5.7.3 Cluster absence and following segment
- 5.8 The role of pedagogical factors on cluster absence
- 5.8.1 Target
- 5.8.2 Task
- 5.9 The role of frequency on cluster absence
- 5.10 Summary: Acquiring variation in complex sequences of sounds
- Chapter 6. Word-final vowel duration
- 6.0 Introduction
- 6.1 The Jamaican vowel system
- 6.2 Vowel length and word-level prominence in English and Jamaican
- 6.3 Methods for the acoustic and statistical analyses
- 6.3.1 Dependent variable: Vowel duration
- 6.3.2 Independent variables
- 6.4 Vowel duration contrasts in the teachers' data
- 6.4.1 Vowel lengthening
- 6.4.2 Vowel reduction
- 6.5 Vowel duration in the children's data: Linguistic factors
- 6.5.1 Phonetic forms and vowel orthography
- 6.5.2 Vowel quality and vowel reduction
- 6.5.3 Vowel lengthening and vowel quality subsystems
- 6.5.4 Vowel lengthening and phonological environment
- 6.5.5 Vowel lengthening and stress-related factors
- 6.6 Vowel lengthening and performance factors
- 6.7 Vowel lengthening and social factors
- 6.8 Vowel lengthening and frequency
- 6.9 Concluding discussion
- Chapter 7. Learning phono-stylistic variation in the classroom
- 7.0 Introduction: A multifaceted learning of sound patterns
- 7.1 The modelling-replication framework
- 7.2 Generalisations and variability of JC and SJE sound systems
- 7.2.1 Implications for SJE learning
- 7.2.2 Stylistic variation
- 7.3 Literacy and classroom speech templates
- 7.4 Classroom speakers vs. acrolectal speakers
- 7.5 Extent of classroom speech harmony
- 7.6 Distinguishing between JC and SJE spoken repertoires
- 7.7 Whole-word pronunciations and their conceptual features
- 7.8 Frequency and perceptual salience
- 7.9 Variation and phonetic learning
- Chapter 8. Conclusion and pedagogical implications
- 8.0 Phono-stylistic variation: Internal and external factors
- 8.1 Classroom-specific English or SJE?
- 8.2 Children's learned behaviour and proficiency
- 8.3 Note on the Language Arts-Phonics teaching methodology
- 8.4 Looking at seven year olds and beyond
- References
- Appendices
- Index
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