
Perception and Machine Intelligence
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Content
- Title
- Preface
- Organization
- Table of Contents
- Keynote Paper
- The Rules of Guidance in Visual Search
- Classic Feature Guidance
- The Basic Visual Search Paradigm
- Features and Dimensions
- Bottom-Up Guidance and Salience Maps
- Top-Down Guidance
- Objects of Attention
- The Rules of Classic Feature Guidance
- Conjunctions and Guidance by Multiple Features
- Beyond Classic Guidance: Searching in Scenes
- Size X Depth Guidance
- Semantic and Syntactic Guidance
- Memory and Episodic Guidance
- Conclusion
- References
- Plenary Papers
- Smart Sensing System for Human Emotion and Behaviour Recognition
- Introduction
- Human Emotion
- Current Research Works on Home Monitoring for Recognizing Activities of Daily Living
- System Description
- Human Emotion Recognition System
- Behaviour Recognition System
- Recognition Procedures
- Human Emotion Recognition Process
- Activities of Daily Life Recognition Process
- Wellness Determination of Inhabitant
- Results
- Conclusion
- References
- Fuzzy Rule-Based Approaches to Dimensionality Reduction
- Introduction
- Fuzzy Rule Based Approaches
- Dimensionality Reduction via Feature Extraction
- Dimensionality Reduction via Feature Selection
- Results
- Conclusions
- References
- Face Recognition Technology and Its Real-World Application
- Introduction
- Brief History of Face Recognition
- Facial Image Processing Techniques
- Face Detection
- Facial Feature Localization
- Face Recognition
- Applications
- Challenges for the Future
- References
- Contributory Papers
- Perception
- Contextual Effects in the Visual Cortex Area 1 (V1) and Camouflage Perception
- Introduction
- A Developmental Model of Corticocortical Connections
- Determination of Receptive Field (RF)
- Contextual Effect Experiments
- Camouflage Perception: A Proposition
- Conclusions and Future Works
- References
- Affective Information Processing and Representations
- Introduction
- Brain Arousal and Affective Information Processing
- Affective Systems of the Brain
- Affective-Conceptual Spaces Model
- References
- Face Image Retrieval Based on Probe Sketch Using SIFT Feature Descriptors
- Introduction
- Related Work
- Proposed Method
- Annotating Points
- Image Registration
- Feature Extraction
- Recognition and Retrieval Methods
- Experimental Results and Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Effect of Perceptual Anchorage Points on Recognition of Bangla Characters
- Introduction
- Perceptual Anchorage Points
- Methodology
- Data Analysis and Result
- Application of the Cognitive Model for Bangla OHCR
- Conclusion
- References
- Scaling Properties of Mach Bands and Perceptual Models
- Introduction
- The Statement of the Problem
- The Proposed Approach
- Results and Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Psycho-Visual Evaluation of Contrast Enhancement Algorithms by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
- Introduction
- ANOVA on Psycho-Visual Judgment
- Feature Selection
- ANFIS Based Classifier Design for Contrast Enhancement
- Architecture of ANFIS
- Conclusion
- References
- Human Computer Interaction
- Theory of Mind in Man-Machine Interactions
- The Turing Test
- Questionnaires 1 and 2
- Method
- Results
- General Discussion
- References
- Face Recognition System Invariant to Light-Camera Setup
- Introduction
- Preliminaries
- Active Appearance Model
- Asymmetric Bilinear Model
- Model Training.
- Testing.
- Regularizing with Elastic Net
- Proposed System
- Conclusion
- References
- Representing Feature Quantization Approach Using Spatial-Temporal Relation for Action Recognition
- Introduction
- Related Work
- Interest Points, Quantization, and Feature Selection
- Interest Points
- Feature Quantization
- Feature Selection
- Experiments and Discussion
- Public Dataset
- Comparison
- Conclusions
- References
- Human Computer Interaction with Hand Gestures in Virtual Environment
- Introduction
- State of Art
- Vision Based Gesture Recognition System
- Experiments
- Results
- Testing and Analysis
- Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Model for Emotion Recognition from Facial Expression
- Introduction
- Uncertainty Management in Fuzzy Face-Space for Emotion Recognition
- Principles Used in the IT2FS Approach
- Experimental Details
- Feature Extraction
- Creating the Type-2 Fuzzy Face-Space
- Emotion Recognition of an Unknown Subject
- Performance Analysis
- Conclusion
- References
- Augmenting Language Tools for Effective Communication
- Introduction
- What Is 'WordCoin'?
- Study of Reference Language Tools
- Existing Dictionaries
- Existing Semantic Networks
- Our Experiment
- Observations
- From the Experimental Data
- From the Survey of Reference Tools
- Proposed Approach to Build WordCoin
- Conclusions
- References
- Design and Evaluation of a Cognition Aware File Browser for Users in Rural India
- Introduction
- A Cognition Aware File Browser - SahajBrowser
- Design Issues of File Browsers
- SahajBrowser Design
- Cognition Awareness in SahajBrowser Design
- Description of File Rearranging Activity
- Analysis of File Rearranging Activity
- File Rearranging Task Analysis
- GOAL Description and Analysis
- Comparison of File Rearrange task
- Future Scope
- References
- Shiksha: A Novel Architecture for Tele-teaching Using Handwriting as a Perceptually Significant Temporal Media
- Introduction
- Perceptual Aspects in Design
- Document Architecture
- Synchronization of Media Streams
- Viewing and Editing in Shiksha
- Deploying Shiksha for Asynchronous Video Conferencing System
- Implementation Details
- Functioning
- Conclusions
- References
- A New Motion Based Fully Automatic Facial Expression Recognition System
- Introduction
- System Overview
- Extraction of Facial Regions Deformed Maximally during Expression Display - Computation of Region of Interest(ROI)
- Computation of Optical Flow Vector Using Gradient Based Method
- Extraction of Region of Interest (ROI)
- Computation of Feature Vectors within ROI
- Rule Base Generation Using Decision Tree
- Result
- Validation of the Performance of the Proposed System by Human Psycho-visual Judgement
- Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- E-Nose and E-Tongue
- Profiling Scotch Malt Whisky Spirits from Different Distilleries Using an Electronic Nose and an Expert Sensory Panel
- Introduction
- Material and Method
- Samples
- Equipment
- Analytical Conditions
- Sensory Evaluation Analytical Conditions
- Results and Discussion
- Electronic Nose Discrimination
- Sensory Analysis Results
- Correlation Results
- Conclusion
- References
- Quality Control and Rancidity Tendency of Nut Mix Using an Electronic Nose
- Introduction
- Material and Method
- Equipment
- Analytical Conditions
- Samples
- Results
- Chromatograms
- Characterization of Volatile Compounds
- Odor Map
- Individual Aroma Analysis of Each Nut Type
- Conclusion
- References
- Estimation of Aroma Determining Compounds of Kangra Valley Tea by Electronic Nose System
- Introduction
- About Indian Tea
- About Electronic Nose
- About Chemical Analysis Procedure
- Experimental Procedure
- Data Analysis and Results
- Data Normalization
- Data Matrix Preparation
- Data Analysis
- Cluster Analysis
- Classification Analysis
- Conclusions
- References
- Taste Attributes Profiling in Carrot Juice Using an Electronic Tongue
- Introduction
- Material and Method
- Samples
- Sensory Evaluation
- Electronic Tongue
- Results
- Sensory Evaluation
- Electronic Tongue
- Conclusion
- References
- Improvement of Quality Perception for Black CTC Tea by Means of an Electronic Tongue
- Introduction
- Experimental
- The Electronic Tongue Setup
- Sample Preparation for Electronic Tongue
- Data Analysis
- Data Preprocessing
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
- Artificial Neural Networks
- Results and Discussions
- Observation of Clustering Information Using PCA
- Prediction of TF and TR Using Neural Network Framework
- Conclusion
- References
- Machine-Intelligence and Application
- A New Cross-Validation Technique to Evaluate Quality of Recommender Systems
- Introduction
- Recommender Models
- Similarity Measures
- Recommendation Quality Evaluation
- Experiment Results
- Conclusions
- References
- Rough-Fuzzy C-Means for Clustering Microarray Gene Expression Data
- Introduction
- Gene Expression Data
- Rough-Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm
- Experimental Results
- Quantitative Indices
- Random versus New Initialization Method
- Comparative Performance Analysis
- Biological Significance
- Conclusion
- References
- Topographic Map Object Classification Using Real-Value Grammar Classifier System
- Introduction
- Learning Classifier Systems
- The GCS
- The rGCS
- Object Recognition as a Function Classification
- Experiments
- Conclusions and Future Plans
- References
- Distance Measures in Training Set Selection for Debt Value Prediction
- Introduction
- Related Work
- Debt Portfolio Value Prediction
- Distance Measures in Training Set Selection
- Histogram Based Distance Measures
- Mean Variable Distance Measure
- Entropy Based Distance Measure
- Frobenius Norm Distance
- Experiments and Results
- Conclusions
- References
- A Second-Order Learning Algorithm for Computing Optimal Regulatory Pathways
- Introduction
- Second Order Optimization Algorithm
- Proposed Second Order Optimization Methodology
- Experimental Results and Comparison
- Conclusions
- References
- Aggregation of Correlation Measures for the Reverse Engineering of Gene Regulatory Sub-networks
- Introduction
- Reconstruction of Gene Interaction Sub-network: An Aggregation of Correlation-Based Approaches
- Correlation between Gene Pairs
- Pearson's Correlation
- Time-Lagged Correlation/Cross Correlation
- Leave-One-Out Correlation
- Partial Correlation
- Spearman's Rank Correlation
- Aggregation Index
- The Algorithm
- Experimental Results
- Conclusions and Discussion
- References
- Image and Video Processing
- Interactive Content Based Image Retrieval Using Ripplet Transform and Fuzzy Relevance Feedback
- Introduction
- Ripplet Transform Type-I (RT)
- Discrete Ripplet Transform (DRT)
- Proposed CBIR System
- Feature Extraction Using Ripplet Transform Type-I
- Fuzzy Based Relevance Feedback
- Experimental Results and Comparisons
- Conclusions
- References
- Fast Computation of Edge Model Representation for Image Sequence Super-Resolution
- Introduction
- Edge-Model Based Representation and Model Adaptation
- Model Adaptation
- Model Adaptation: Error Analysis
- PS Adaptation for Super-Resolution
- Single Frame HR for Image Sequence
- PS Model Adaptation for Reconstruction Based SR
- Results and Conclusions
- References
- Detection of Structural Concavities in Character Images-A Writer-Independent Approach
- Introduction
- Proposed Methodology
- Preprocessing
- Concavity and Convexity Detection
- Algorithm DETECT-CONCAVE-REGION
- Experimental Results
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Semi-supervised Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms for Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images
- Introduction
- Clustering
- Hard C-Means (HCM) Clustering
- Fuzzy Clustering
- Proposed Semi-supervised Change Detection Technique
- Experimental Results
- Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- SLAR (Simultaneous Localization And Recognition) Framework for Smart CBIR
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Description of the Framework
- Proposed Stages of Framework
- Details and Issues in the Design
- Experimental Results
- Conclusions
- References
- A Novel Statistical Model to Evaluate the Performance of EBGM Based Face Recognition
- Introduction
- Different Covariates and Their Effects on Facial Features
- Image Parameters and Their Influence on Feature Vectors
- Variations of Feature Vectors Across the Transitive Subject Covariates
- Relating Performance Evaluation to Covariates
- The Random Effects Model (REM) for Face Recognition
- Conclusion
- References
- A New Proposal for Locality Preserving Projection
- Introduction
- Dimensionality Reduction Methods
- Proposed Improvement for LPP
- Experiments and Results
- Conclusion
- References
- Self-similarity and Points of Interest in Textured Images
- Introduction
- Texture Classification Using Symmetry
- Single Scale Symmetry
- The New Multiscale Feature Vector
- Image Representation for Textons
- Textons and Symmetry Combined
- Texture Dataset Benchmarking
- Texture Clustering Using Symmetry
- Discussion
- References
- Speech and Signal Processing
- Ordinal Incremental Data in Collaborative Filtering
- Introduction
- Main Notations
- Generalized Hebbian Algorithm
- Experiments
- Results
- References
- Combining Evidence from Temporal and Spectral Features for Person Recognition Using Humming
- Introduction
- Prior Work Related to This Field
- Features Used
- Temporal Features
- Spectral Features
- Experimental Setup
- Experimental Results
- Summary and Conclusion
- References
- Novel Interleaving Schemes for Speaker Recognition over Lossy Networks
- Introduction
- Quality of Service (QoS) and Problem Formulation
- Experimental Setup
- Novel Interleaving Schemes for Speaker Recognition [11]
- Experimental Results
- Summary and Conclusion
- References
- Class Dependent 2D Correlation Filter for Illumination Tolerant Face Recognition
- Introduction
- Formulation of Phase Only Reconstructed Image (PORI)
- Formulation of Optimum Projecting Image Correlation Filter (OPICF)
- Face Classification and Recognition Analysis
- Results
- Conclusion
- References
- Removing EEG Artifacts Using Spatially Constrained Independent Component Analysis and Daubechies Wavelet Based Denoising with Otsu' Thresholding Technique
- Introduction
- Related Works
- Methodology
- Experimental Results
- Conclusion
- References
- Performance Evaluation of PBDP Based Real-Time Speaker Identification System with Normal MFCC vs MFCC of LP Residual Features
- Introduction
- System Description
- Signal Processing
- Training
- Testing
- Experimental Setup
- Result and Observations
- Conclusion
- References
- Investigation of Speech Coding Effects on Different Speech Sounds in Automatic Speech Recognition
- Introduction
- Standard Speech Codecs Considered
- Experimental Environment
- SPHINX ASR Toolkit
- TIMIT Speech Database
- Speech Recognition Setup
- ASR with Wideband Codecs
- ASR with Narrowband Codecs
- Speech Sounds/Phonemes Analysis Steps
- Results and Analysis
- ASR Performance for Narrowband Codecs
- ASR Performance for Wideband Codecs
- Sounds / Phonemes Changes w.r.t. Speech Coding
- Sounds / Phonemes Changes Analysis
- Graphical Evidences for Phoneme Changes with Codecs
- Conclusions
- Future Scope
- References
- Author Index
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