
A Primer on Earth Pollution: Pollution Types and Disposal
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A Primer on Earth Pollution: Pollution Types and Disposal, is an encyclopedia of important research articles and short essays on pollution. Chapters in the initial half provide information about a wide variety of pollutants (dyes and microplastics) and contributing factors (thermal pollution and the impact of GM plants, for instance). Each chapter explains the nature of polluting agents and presents notes and references on preventive measures. Notes on the associated clinical complications due to exposure are also proved where applicable, such as the case of MDR bacteria in marine environments. The latter chapters of the book cover the biotechnology of medical waste disposal using microbes as well as nanotechnology used for limiting the spread of COVID-19.
The volume is a handy reference for students and trainees in the field of environmental science as it brings a balance of basic and applied information on the subject of pollution.
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Content
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- PREFACE
- End User License Agreement
- Contents
- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- Synthetic Dyes Pollution
- B. Sathya Priya1,*, V. Arun2 and T. Stalin3
- INTRODUCTION
- SOURCES OF SYNTHETIC DYES POLLUTION
- Dyeing Process
- Preparation of Fabrics
- Dyeing
- Finishing
- TYPES OF DYES
- VARIOUS TYPES OF FOOD COLORANTS
- THE IMPACTS OF DYES
- Environmental Impact of Dyes
- Impacts of Food Dyes on Health
- Health Effects of Textile Dyes
- ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- TREATMENT METHODS
- Biological Treatment
- CONTROL MEASURES
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Microplastics Pollution
- B. Sathya Priya1,* and T. Stalin2
- INTRODUCTION
- ORIGIN OF MICROPLASTICS
- Primary Microplastics
- Secondary Microplastics
- DEGRADATION OF PLASTICS
- Types of Degradation
- FACTORS AFFECTING MICROPLASTICS INGESTION
- Abundance
- Colour
- Size
- Density
- Biofouling
- Food Chain
- IMPACTS OF MICROPLASTICS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM
- IMPACTS OF MICROPLASTICS ON MARINE BIOTA
- IMPACTS OF MICROPLASTICS ON HUMAN BEINGS
- Seafood Contaminated With Plastics
- Other Food Products With Plastic Contamination
- Implications for Human Food Safety
- Management Methods of Plastic Pollution
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Thermal Pollution
- M. Sudha Devi1,* and T. Dhanalakshimi2
- INTRODUCTION
- Definition
- Causes
- Industrial Effluents
- Domestic Sewages
- Soil Erosion
- Deforestation
- Urban Stormwater Runoff
- Natural Causes
- Hydroelectric Power Generation
- Livestock Waste Mixed into Water
- Release of Cold Water
- Unawareness Among People
- EFFECTS
- Reduction in Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
- Reduced Solubility of Oxygen
- Change in Water Properties
- Increase in Toxicity
- Disruption of Biological Activities
- Damage of Biotic Organism
- Ecological Impact
- Affects Reproductive Systems
- Increases Metabolic Rate
- Migration
- Adverse Effect on Water Plants
- CONTROL
- PREVENTION
- Cooling Towers
- Artificial Lakes
- Saving Electricity
- Adopting Better Technologies
- Holding Back the Water for Good
- Plantation of More Trees Upon the Banks of Rivers, Seas and other Water Bodies
- Artificial Lakes
- Recycling Used Water
- Spreading Awareness Among People
- Suitable Arrangements in Urban Places
- Co-generation
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Agricultural Pollution
- K. Chitra1,* and B. Sathya Priya2
- INTRODUCTION
- SOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
- CAUSES OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
- CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
- EUTROPHICATION
- CHEMICAL PESTICIDES
- DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES
- BANNED PESTICIDES IN INDIA
- HEAVY METALS
- SOIL EROSION
- SEDIMENTATION
- SILAGE
- AGRICULTURAL WATER POLLUTION
- EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
- Health Problems
- Acute Diseases
- Parkinson's Disease
- Reduce Long-Term Agricultural Yields
- Soil Pollution and Depletion of Soil Fertility
- Air Pollution
- Destroys Biodiversity
- SOME WAYS TO REDUCE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
- ORGANIC FARMING
- Principles of Organic Agriculture
- Benefits of Organic Farming
- Healthy Soil
- Prevent Soil Erosion
- Organic Farming and Global Warming
- Water Conservation and Water Health
- Support forAnimal Health and Welfare
- Increase in Biodiversity
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Industrial Effluent Pollution-Impact of Papermill Effluent Irrigation and Solid Waste Application on Cultivated Soil
- M. Suguna Devakumari*
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Treatment Details
- RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- Characteristics of The Paper Mill Effluent
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Genetically Modified Plants and Its Effect on Environment
- J. Beslin Joshi*
- INTRODUCTION
- IS GM CROPS A NECESSITY?
- STATUS OF GM CROPS IN THE WORLD
- IMPACT OF GM CROPS
- Human Health
- Allergenicity/Toxicity
- Horiozontal Gene Transfer
- Environment
- Biodiversity Loss/Genetic Erosion
- Super Weeds
- Gene Flow
- Non-Target Effect
- Economical
- Social
- Political
- REGULATION OF GM CROPS
- US
- EU
- China
- Japan
- India
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Pesticide Pollution
- A. Anitha1,* and S. Geethalakshmi2
- INTRODUCTION
- BIODEGRADABLE POLLUTANTS
- What are Pesticides
- History
- Toxicological Classification of Pesticides
- Pesticide Pollution
- How We are Exposed to Pesticides
- How Pesticides Contaminate Groundwater
- POTENTIAL IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH
- Acute Effect
- Chronic Effect
- IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT
- Impact on Plants
- Impact on Soil
- Impact on Aquatic Life
- Impacts on Water and Air Ecosystem
- Impacts on Soil Micro-Flora
- Impacts on Non-Target Organism
- Pest Resistance
- Eradicating Pesticides
- SUMMARY
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Water Pollution
- T. Dhanalakshimi1,* and M. Sudha Devi2
- INTRODUCTION
- TYPES OF POLLUTION
- SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
- Industrial Effluent
- The Basis of Industrial Water Pollution
- Municipal and Domestic Wastes
- Agricultural Waste
- Spilling of Oil
- MINING WASTE
- Heavy Metal Contamination
- Acid Mine Drainage
- Processing Chemicals Pollution
- Erosion and Sedimentation
- Power Plant and Radioactive Pollutants
- Biological Waste
- Hazardous to Our Earth
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Marine Pollution
- B. Sathya Priya1,*, K. Chitra2 and T. Stalin3
- INTRODUCTION
- SOURCES OF MARINE POLLUTION
- Oil Pollution
- Marine Debris
- Heavy Metals
- Nutrients Enrichment
- Plastic Debris
- Toxic Chemicals
- Sewage and Industrial Discharge
- Green House Gases
- Shipping
- Radioactive Waste
- Noise
- IMPACTS OF POLLUTANTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY
- Oil Spills
- Marine Debris
- Heavy Metals
- Nutrient Enrichment
- Plastic Debris
- Toxic Chemicals
- Sewage And Industrial Discharge
- Landfills
- Greenhouse Gases
- Noise
- CONTROL MEASURES FOR MARINE POLLUTION
- Oil Spills
- Marine Debris
- Nutrients
- Plastics
- Toxic Chemicals
- Sewage and Industrial Effluent
- Green House Gases
- Kyoto Protocol
- Noise
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Multidrug Resistance Proteus mirabilis in Klang River, Malaysia
- N. Suryadevara1,*, M. F. T. Lim1, G. Shanmugam2 and P. Ponmurugan3
- INTRODUCTION
- Antimicrobial Agents
- Classification and Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobials
- Mechanism of Antibiotics Resistance
- Mechanism of Action of ß-lactam Antibiotics
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- Monobactam
- Carbapenem
- Mechanism of ß-Lactam Resistance and ESBL
- MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF ?-LACTAMASES
- TEM ß-lactamases
- SHV Sulfhydryl Variants
- OXA ß-lactamases
- CTX-M ß-lactamases
- Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment
- MDR Bacteria in the Environment
- Aquatic Environment as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance
- ESBL-producing P. Mirabilis
- PHENOTYPIC METHODS OF ESBL
- Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (MDDST)
- Whole Genomic Sequencing (WGS)
- Molecular Docking
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Exploitation of Cryptococcus neoformans Isolated from Cow Dung in Bioremediation of Medical Waste
- S. Sumathi*, R. Akshaya and R. Padma
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Sample Collection
- Isolation and Screening of Fungal Strains from Cow Dung Sample
- Primary Screening of Fungal Strains using Morphology Characterization
- Identification of Fungal Strains using Lacto Phenol Staining
- Fungal Identification using 18S r-RNA Sequencing
- Screening of Medical Waste Degrading Fungi
- RESULTS
- PRIMARY SCREENING OF FUNGAL STRAINS USING MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION
- Molecular Identification of Fungal Strains
- Phylogeny Analysis
- Organism
- Cryptococcus Neoformans
- FESEM CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNGAL STRAIN
- FESEM ANALYSIS OF C. NEOFORMANS TREATED WITH MEDICAL WASTE
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Biomedical Waste: Safe Disposal and Recycling
- V. Arun1,* and B. Sathya Priya2
- INTRODUCTION
- BIOMEDICAL WASTE AND ITS CLASSIFICATION
- Source of Biomedical Waste
- Hazards Associated with BMW
- Risk Related to Infectious and Sharp Waste
- Risks Related to Chemical, Pharmacological and Genotoxic Waste
- Laws and Regulation of BMW Management
- International Treaties and Conventions
- The Basel Convention
- The Stockholm Convention
- National Policy
- MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
- Minimization of BMW
- Reuse, Recycling and Recovery of BMW
- Steps Involved in BMW Management
- Segregation
- Storage of Biomedical Waste
- Transport of BMW
- Treatment and Disposal of BMW
- Thermal Processes
- Steam Based Technologies
- Microwave Based Technologies
- Dry Heat Technologies
- Chemical Processes
- Irradiation Processes
- Biological Processes
- Mechanical Processes
- Incineration, Pyrolysis and Gasification
- Encapsulation and Inertization
- Emerging Technologies
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Microbial Pollution Control through Biogenically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (Bacillus Spp)
- J. Senthil Kumar1,*, R. Sathya2, P. Balamurugan3, R. Gomathi1, B. Preetham Kumar1 and R. Vishnu1
- INTRODUCTION
- NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS
- SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BSNPS
- WELL DIFFUSION ASSAY
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Isolation and Collection of Bacillus safensis
- Inoculum Preparation
- Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles
- CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOGENIC AGNPS
- Visual Characterization
- UV-VIS Spectroscopy
- FESEM Analysis
- EDAX Analysis
- Well Diffusion Assay
- RESULTS
- Isolation of Bacterial Strain
- BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
- CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOGENIC SILVER NANOPARTICLES
- Visual Characterization
- ULTRAVIOLENT SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
- EDAX AND SEM ANALYSIS
- WELL DIFFUSION ASSAY
- DISCUSSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Subject Index
- Back Cover
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The file format ePUB works well for novels and non-fiction books – i.e., 'flowing' text without complex layout. On an e-reader or smartphone, line and page breaks automatically adjust to fit the small displays.
This eBook does not use copy protection or Digital Rights Management
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