Corrosion Science: Modern Trends and Applications
1st Edition
Published on 24. May 2021
230 pages
978-981-14-8183-3 (ISBN)
Description
The advent of Industry 4.0 has opened a data-rich avenue of predicting and controlling premature degradation of industrial materials. For any industrial construction or manufacturing projects, performing analysis on the structural integrity of materials is crucial for their sustainability.
Corrosion Science: Modern Trends and Applications gives scholars a snapshot of recent contributions and development in the field of material corrosion.The book presents 12 chapters that cover topics such as corrosion testing methods, anti-corrosive coating mechanisms, corrosion in different types of products (electronics, polymers), industrial systems (power plants, concrete constructions and hydraulic systems) and corrosion as a result of environmental characteristics (such as marine surroundings). The breadth of topics covered coupled with the reader-friendly presentation of the book make it highly beneficial for students, research scholars, faculty members and R&D specialists working in the area of corrosion science, material science, solid-state science, chemical engineering, and nanotechnology. Readers will be equipped with the knowledge to understand and plan industrial processes that involve measuring the reliability and integrity of material structures which are impacted by corrosive factors.
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Content
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- End User License Agreement
- Contents
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- Testing the Types of Corrosion
- D. Chandra Sekhar1, N. Suresh Kumar2,*, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3, B. Venkata Shiva Reddy3,4 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. SALT-SPRAY (FOG) TEST
- 3. MODIFIED SALT FOG TESTS
- 3.1. Acetic Acid Salt Spray (Fog) Test
- 3.2. Cyclic Acidified Salt Fog Test
- 3.3. Acidified Synthetic Sea Water (Fog) Test
- 3.4. Salt/SO2 Spray (Fog) Test
- 3.5. Dilute Electrolyte Cyclic Fog/Dry Test
- 4. CYCLIC SALT FOG/UV EXPOSURE
- 5. CASS TEST
- 5.1. Corrodkote Test
- 5.2. Filiform Test
- 5.3. High Humidity Tests
- 5.4. Corrosive Gas Tests
- 6. ASTM G 87
- 6.1. Mixed Flowing Gas
- 7. CYCLIC CORROSION TESTS
- 8. ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CORROSION TESTING
- 8.1. Linear Polarization Method-Evaluation of Corrosion Rates
- 8.2. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements
- 8.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
- 8.4. Application of Electrochemical Impedance to Corrosion Studies
- 8.5. Advantages and Limitations of EIS
- 9. RECENT CORROSION RESEARCH
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Anti-Corrosion Coating Mechanisms
- D. Chandra Sekhar1, N. Suresh Kumar2,*, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3, B. Venkata Shiva Reddy3,4 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. DIFFERENT COATING MECHANISMS
- 2.1. Barrier Coatings
- 2.2. Sacrificial Coatings
- 2.3. Inhibitive Coatings
- 2.4. Inorganic Coatings
- 2.5. Passivation: Anti-Corrosion Coating
- 3. ANTI-CORROSION COATINGS
- 3.1. Polymeric Materials
- 3.2. Metallic Coatings
- 3.2.1. Electroplated Coatings
- 3.2.2. Electroless Metal Coatings
- 3.2.3. Hot-dip Coating
- 3.2.4. Thermal Spraying
- 3.2.5. Cladding
- 4.2.6. Vapor Deposited Coatings
- 3.2.7. Ion Implantation and Laser Processing
- 3.3. The Organic Coating System
- 3.4. Pigments
- 3.5. Solvents, Additives and Fillers
- 4. APPLICATIONS
- 4.1. Smart Coatings
- 4.2. Recent Advances in Protective Coatings
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Corrosion in Electronics
- U. Naresh1, N. Suresh Kumar2,*, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3, B. Venkata Shiva Reddy3,4, A. Manohar5, M. Ajay Kumar6 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATIC RELIABILITY
- 2.1. Humidity
- 2.2. Water Absorption by the PCBA
- 2.3. Water Adsorption by the Hygroscopic Contaminants on the PCBA
- 2.4. User Environment Related Contamination
- 3. HUMIDITY AND CONTAMINATION RELATED FAILURES
- 3.1. Leakage Current
- 3.2. Electrochemical Migration
- 3.3. Formation of Anode Filament
- 4. TYPES OF CORROSION
- 4.1. Electrolytic Corrosion
- 4.2. Galvanic Corrosion Mechanism
- 4.3. Creep Corrosion
- 5. PROTECTION OF ELECTRONIC CORROSION
- 5.1. Protecting Against Corrosive Failures
- 5.2. Material Compatibility
- 5.3. Printed Circuit Board Polish
- 5.4. Conformal Coatings
- 6. TYPES OF CONFORMAL COATINGS
- 6.1. Acrylic Coating
- 6.2. Epoxy Coatings
- 6.3. Urethane Type
- 6.4. Ultraviolet Light Curable Coatings
- 6.5. Silicone Type Coatings
- 7. COATING TECHNIQUES
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Corrosion of Polymer Materials
- U. Naresh1, N. Suresh Kumar2,*, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3, B. Venkata Shiva Reddy3, 4, A. Manohar5 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. CHEMICAL REACTION
- 3. CAUSES OF CORROSION
- 3.1. Moisture
- 3.2. Water Absorption
- 3.3. Water Adsorption by the Hygroscopic Contaminants
- 4. TYPES OF CORROSION
- 4.1. General Corrosion
- 4.2. Galvanic Corrosion
- 4.3. Pitting Corrosion
- 4.4. Dealloying
- 4.5. Erosion Corrosion
- 4.6. Fretting
- 5. CORROSION PROTECTION-CONDUCTING POLYMERS
- 5.1. Poly-aniline- Magnetic Nanoparticles Coatings
- 5.2. Poly-aniline-Carbon Based Materials
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Corrosion and Corrosion Protection in Drinking Water Systems
- T. Vidya Sagar1, N. Suresh Kumar2,*, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3, B. Venkata Shiva Reddy3, 4, D. Baba Basha5 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. EFFECT OF PH ON THE CORROSION OF DWDS
- 3. ALKALINITY AND LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX (LSI)
- 4. BUFFER INTENSITY
- 5. TOTAL DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON AND ORGANIC CARBON
- 6. DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)
- 7. HARDNESS OF WATER
- 8. LARSON INDEX (LI)
- 9. PHOSPHATE AND SILICATE-BASED INHIBITOR EFFECTS
- 10. LEAD AND COPPER RULE (LCR)
- 11. PRESENCE OF CADMIUM AND ZINC
- 12. TEMPERATURE EFFECT
- 13. MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
- 14. PROTECTION OF DWDS
- 14.1. Effect of Chloramination
- 14.2. Toxicity of Iron-based Deposits
- 14.3. Galvanic Corrosion Between Stainless-Steel and Lead
- 14.4. Protection from Galvanic Corrosion Between Steel and Lead
- 14.5. The Effect of Stagnation Time and Temperature of Water in Leaching of Copper and Zinc in DWDS
- 14.6. The Corrosive Nature of Mn in DWDs and Protection of Pipes from Mn
- 14.7. Corrosion Protection of Steel
- 14.8. Copper Pitting in DWDs and Protection
- 14.9. Protection of Al Based Pipes from Corrosion
- 14.10. Protection of Magnesium Based Alloys from Corrosion
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Corrosion in Reinforcement Cement Concrete
- B. Venkata Shiva Reddy1, 2, N. Suresh Kumar3, K. Chandra Babu Naidu1,*, D. Baba Basha4, M. Balaraju5 and T. Anil Babu1
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. DISCUSSION
- 2.1. Impact of Bacteria on the Reinforcement Concrete
- 2.2. The Impact of Heat and Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Steel
- 2.3. Impact of Temperature on The Corrosion of Steel
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Environmental Cracking of High-Strength Aluminum Alloys
- B. Venkata Shiva Reddy1,2, N. Suresh Kumar3, K. Chandra Babu Naidu1,*, M. Balaraju4 and T. Anil Babu1
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. DISCUSSION
- 2.1. The Role and Mitigation of Corrosion
- 2.2. The Role of Fatigue in Cracking of Aluminum Alloy
- 2.3. Impact of Temperature on Aluminum Alloy
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Corrosion of Nuclear Waste Systems
- K. Ramakrishna Reddy1, N. Suresh Kumar2,*, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3, B. Venkata Shiva Reddy3, 4 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. POTENTIAL CORROSION ISSUES IN NUCLEAR WASTE PACKAGES
- 2.1. Description of Typical Waste Packages
- 2.2. Vitrified High-Level Waste
- 2.3. Cemented Radioactive Waste
- 2.4. Corrosion Issues in Canister Material of Carbon Steel and Cast Iron
- 2.5. Substances for Radioactive Waste Disposals
- 2.6. Nuclear Waste Forms of The Glasses
- 2.7. Borosilicate Glass Waste Form
- 2.8. Phosphate Glass Waste Form
- 2.9. Waste Form of Rare Earth Oxide Glass
- 2.10. High Silicate Glass Waste Form
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
- K. Ram Mohan Rao1,*, K. Haripriya2, P. Banerjee3 and A. Franco4
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- 3. BIOFILM
- 4. MECHANISMS OF MIC
- 4.1. Cathodic Depolarization Theory
- 4.2. Biocatalytic Cathodic Sulfate Reduction (BCSR) Theory
- 4.3. Acid Producing Bacteria (APB)
- 4.4. Archaea
- 5. MITIGATION OF MIC/BIOFILMS
- 5.1. Conventional Mitigation Methods
- 5.2. Biocide Enhancers
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Power Plant Corrosion
- S. Ramesh1,*, N.V. Krishna Prasad1, N. Suresh Kumar2, K. Chandra Babu Naidu1,*, M.S.S.R.K.N. Sarma1, K. Venkata Ratnam3, H. Manjunatha3, B. Parvatheeswara Rao4 and T. Anil Babu1
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. TYPES OF POWER PLANT CORROSION
- 1.1. Oxide Corrosion
- 2.2. Galvanic Corrosion
- 2.3. Hot Corrosion
- 2.4. Type I Hot Corrosion (HTHC)
- 2.5. Type II Hot Corrosion (LTHC)
- 2.6. Mechanism of Hot Corrosion
- 3. EROSION
- 3.1. Solid Particle Erosion (SPE)
- 3.2. Cavitations Erosion (CE)
- 3.3. Liquid Impingement Erosion (LIE)
- 3.4. Slurry Erosion (SE)
- 4. PREVENTIVE METHODS OF CORROSION IN POWER PLANTS
- 4.1. Corrosion Resistant Materials and Alloys
- 4.2. Modification of the Environment/Coatings
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Corrosion in Chemical and Fertilizer Industries
- N.V. Krishna Prasad1,*, S. Ramesh1, K. Chandra Babu Naidu1, M.S.S.R.K.N. Sarma1, K. Venkata Ratnam2, H. Manjunatha2 and B. Chandra Sekhar3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. TYPES OF CORROSION
- 2.1. Rust
- 2.2. Galvanic Corrosion
- 2.3. Stress Corrosion Cracking
- 2.4. General Corrosion
- 2.5. Localized Corrosion
- 2.6. Caustic Corrosion
- 3. CHEMICAL FERTILIZER INDUSTRY AND ITS GROWTH IN INDIA
- 4. CORROSION IN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
- 5. CORROSION IN UREA MANUFACTURING PLANTS
- 6. CORROSION IN PAPER INDUSTRY
- 7. CORROSION IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
- 8. CORROSION DUE TO AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Marine Corrosion
- H. Manjunatha1,*, K. Venkata Ratnam1, S. Janardan1, R. Venkata Nadh1, N. Suresh Kumar2, N.V. Krishna Prasad3, S. Ramesh3, K. Chandra Babu Naidu3 and T. Anil Babu3
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. WHY DO METALS UNDERGO CORROSION AND WHAT IS THE DRIVING FORCE?
- 3. MARINE CORROSION AND ITS MECHANISM
- 4. CORROSION MECHANISM IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
- 5. FACTORS AFFECTING MARINE CORROSION
- 6. NATURE OF SEA WATER
- 6.1. Oxygen
- 6.2. Chloride
- 6.3. pH
- 6.4. Calcium and Magnesium
- 6.5. Specific Conductivity
- 6.6. Biological Activity
- 6.7. Temperature
- 7. BRACKISH SEA WATER
- 7.1. Polluted Sea Water
- 7.2. Synthetic Solutions
- 7.3. Types of Marine Corrosion
- 7.4. General Corrosion
- 7.5. Galvanic Corrosion
- 7.6. Pitting
- 7.7. Crevice Corrosion
- 7.8. Exfoliation Corrosion
- 7.9. Erosion-Corrosion and Cavitation
- 7.10. Stray-Current Corrosion
- 7.11. Stress Corrosion Cracking
- 7.12. Corrosion Fatigue
- 8. MARINE CORROSION PREVENTION
- 8.1. Cathodic Protection
- 8.1.1. Impressed Voltage Method (ICCP)
- 8.1.2. The Sacrificial Anodes Cathodic Protection System (SACP)
- 9. CORROSION INHIBITORS
- 9.1. Inorganic Salts as Inhibitors
- 9.2. Plant Extracts as Inhibitors for NaCl Media
- 10. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS FOR NACL MEDIA
- 10.1. Organic Compounds as Inhibitors for Steel, Aluminum and Copper
- 10.2. Painting
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Subject Index
- Back Cover
