Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine E-Book

1 - Front cover [Seite 1]
2 - Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine [Seite 2]
3 - Copyright page [Seite 5]
4 - Dedication [Seite 6]
5 - Contributors [Seite 10]
6 - Foreword [Seite 24]
7 - Preface [Seite 28]
8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 30]
9 - Abbreviations [Seite 32]
10 - Instructions for online access [Seite 1805]
11 - Table of contents [Seite 36]
12 - Part I: Principles of Sleep Medicine [Seite 44]
12.1 - Chapter 1: History of Sleep Physiology and Medicine [Seite 46]
12.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 46]
12.1.2 - SLEEP AS A PASSIVE STATE [Seite 46]
12.1.3 - THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN [Seite 47]
12.1.4 - THE ASCENDING RETICULAR SYSTEM [Seite 48]
12.1.5 - EARLY OBSERVATIONS OF SLEEP PATHOLOGY [Seite 48]
12.1.6 - SIGMUND FREUD AND THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS [Seite 49]
12.1.7 - CHRONOBIOLOGY [Seite 49]
12.1.8 - THE DISCOVERY OF REM SLEEP [Seite 49]
12.1.9 - ALL-NIGHT SLEEP RECORDINGS AND THE BASIC SLEEP CYCLE [Seite 50]
12.1.10 - REM SLEEP IN ANIMALS [Seite 51]
12.1.11 - THE DUALITY OF SLEEP [Seite 52]
12.1.12 - PREMONITIONS OF SLEEP MEDICINE [Seite 52]
12.1.13 - SLEEP-ONSET REM PERIODS AND CATAPLEXY [Seite 52]
12.1.14 - THE NARCOLEPSY CLINIC: A FALSE START [Seite 52]
12.1.15 - EUROPEAN INTEREST [Seite 52]
12.1.16 - BENZODIAZEPINES AND HYPNOTIC EFFICACY STUDIES [Seite 53]
12.1.17 - THE DISCOVERY OF SLEEP APNEA [Seite 53]
12.1.18 - ITALIAN SYMPOSIA [Seite 53]
12.1.19 - BIRTH PANGS [Seite 53]
12.1.20 - THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICAL PRACTICE [Seite 54]
12.1.21 - CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS [Seite 55]
12.1.22 - FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP MEDICINE [Seite 55]
12.1.23 - THE TURN OF THE CENTURY AND BEYOND [Seite 56]
12.1.24 - REFERENCES [Seite 57]
12.2 - Chapter 2: Normal Human Sleep: [Seite 59]
12.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 59]
12.2.2 - SLEEP DEFINITIONS [Seite 59]
12.2.3 - SLEEP ONSET [Seite 60]
12.2.4 - PROGRESSION OF SLEEP ACROSS THE NIGHT [Seite 63]
12.2.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 68]
12.3 - Chapter 3: Normal Aging [Seite 70]
12.3.1 - Abstract [Seite 70]
12.3.2 - SLEEP ARCHITECTURE [Seite 70]
12.3.3 - CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN AGING [Seite 73]
12.3.4 - CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF POOR SLEEP IN OLD AGE [Seite 75]
12.3.5 - RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS IN SLEEP [Seite 76]
12.3.6 - SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING [Seite 77]
12.3.7 - WHY DO OLDER PEOPLE NAP? [Seite 79]
12.3.8 - BASIC SCIENCE CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 79]
12.3.9 - SUMMARY [Seite 80]
12.3.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 80]
12.4 - Chapter 4: Daytime Sleepiness and Alertness [Seite 85]
12.4.1 - Abstract [Seite 85]
12.4.2 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 85]
12.4.3 - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SLEEPINESS [Seite 85]
12.4.4 - NATURE OF SLEEPINESS [Seite 86]
12.4.5 - ASSESSMENT OF SLEEPINESS [Seite 88]
12.4.6 - DETERMINANTS OF SLEEPINESS [Seite 90]
12.4.7 - CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF SLEEPINESS [Seite 93]
12.4.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 94]
12.5 - Chapter 5: Acute Sleep Deprivation [Seite 97]
12.5.1 - Abstract [Seite 97]
12.5.2 - TOTAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION [Seite 97]
12.5.3 - PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION [Seite 102]
12.5.4 - SLEEP FRAGMENTATION [Seite 104]
12.5.5 - RECOVERY SLEEP [Seite 105]
12.5.6 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 107]
12.5.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 107]
12.5.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 107]
12.6 - Chapter 6: Chronic Sleep Deprivation [Seite 110]
12.6.1 - Abstract [Seite 110]
12.6.2 - INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION [Seite 110]
12.6.3 - THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SLEEP NEED AND SLEEP DEBT [Seite 110]
12.6.4 - EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION [Seite 112]
12.6.5 - PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS [Seite 116]
12.6.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 116]
12.6.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 116]
12.7 - Chapter 7: Neural Control of Sleep in Mammals [Seite 119]
12.7.1 - Abstract [Seite 119]
12.7.2 - DIVERSE BRAIN REGIONS MODULATE WAKING AND NREM SLEEP [Seite 119]
12.7.3 - RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM AND DELINEATION OF AROUSAL SYSTEMS [Seite 120]
12.7.4 - WAKE-ON, REM-OFF AROUSAL SYSTEMS [Seite 121]
12.7.5 - WAKE-ON, REM-ON AROUSAL SYSTEMS [Seite 122]
12.7.6 - SLEEP-PROMOTING MECHANISMS [Seite 122]
12.7.7 - THE ORCHESTRATION OF SLEEP BY THE POA HYPNOGENIC SYSTEM [Seite 124]
12.7.8 - THALAMIC-CORTICAL INTERACTIONS AND THE GENERATION OF THE SLEEP EEG [Seite 125]
12.7.9 - INTEGRATION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND SLEEP [Seite 129]
12.7.10 - THE POA, THERMOREGULATION, AND CONTROL OF SLEEP [Seite 129]
12.7.11 - HIERARCHICAL CONTROL MODEL [Seite 129]
12.7.12 - SLEEP-PROMOTING NEUROCHEMICAL AGENTS [Seite 130]
12.7.13 - SUMMARY [Seite 132]
12.7.14 - Acknowledgments [Seite 132]
12.7.15 - REFERENCES [Seite 132]
12.8 - Chapter 8: REM Sleep* [Seite 135]
12.8.1 - Abstract [Seite 135]
12.8.2 - CHARACTERISTICS OF REM SLEEP [Seite 135]
12.8.3 - REM GENERATION MECHANISMS [Seite 136]
12.8.4 - CONTROL OF MUSCLE TONE [Seite 144]
12.8.5 - NARCOLEPSY AND HYPOCRETIN [Seite 146]
12.8.6 - THE FUNCTIONS OF REM SLEEP [Seite 148]
12.8.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 151]
12.9 - Chapter 9: Phylogeny of Sleep Regulation [Seite 155]
12.9.1 - Abstract [Seite 155]
12.9.2 - SLEEP REGULATION IN MAMMALS [Seite 155]
12.9.3 - SLEEP REGULATION IN NONMAMMALIAN VERTEBRATES [Seite 162]
12.9.4 - SLEEP REGULATION IN INVERTEBRATES [Seite 163]
12.9.5 - OUTLOOK [Seite 165]
12.9.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 166]
12.10 - Chapter 10: Sleep in Animals: [Seite 169]
12.10.1 - Abstract [Seite 169]
12.10.2 - ADAPTIVE INACTIVITY [Seite 169]
12.10.3 - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF THE CORRELATES OF SLEEP DURATION [Seite 170]
12.10.4 - THE DIVERSITY OF SLEEP [Seite 172]
12.10.5 - SLEEP IN MONOTREMES [Seite 173]
12.10.6 - REINDEER [Seite 175]
12.10.7 - BIRDS [Seite 175]
12.10.8 - WALRUS [Seite 176]
12.10.9 - SLEEP IN CETACEANS (DOLPHINS AND WHALES) [Seite 176]
12.10.10 - SLEEP IN OTARIIDS (EARED SEALS) [Seite 178]
12.10.11 - SLEEP REBOUND [Seite 178]
12.10.12 - CONCLUSION [Seite 179]
12.10.13 - Acknowledgment [Seite 179]
12.10.14 - REFERENCES [Seite 179]
12.11 - Chapter 11: Introduction [Seite 182]
12.11.1 - REFERENCES [Seite 183]
12.12 - Chapter 12: Circadian Clock Genes [Seite 184]
12.12.1 - Abstract [Seite 184]
12.12.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 191]
12.13 - Chapter 13: Genetics of Sleep in a Simple Model Organism: [Seite 194]
12.13.1 - Abstract [Seite 194]
12.13.2 - DROSOPHILA AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR GENETICS [Seite 194]
12.13.3 - DROSOPHILA AS A MODEL FOR STUDIES OF SLEEP [Seite 195]
12.13.4 - DROSOPHILA CIRCADIAN BEHAVIOR REVEALS CONSERVED MECHANISMS BETWEEN FLIES AND HUMANS [Seite 196]
12.13.5 - CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BASIS OF DROSOPHILA SLEEP [Seite 197]
12.13.6 - SPECIFIC NEURAL CIRCUITS ARE IMPORTANT FOR SLEEP-WAKE REGULATION [Seite 197]
12.13.7 - GENETICS AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SLEEP: WHICH MOLECULES REGULATE SLEEP? [Seite 198]
12.13.8 - WHICH GENES ARE REGULATED BY SLEEP-WAKE? [Seite 201]
12.13.9 - SUMMARY [Seite 201]
12.13.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 201]
12.14 - Chapter 14: Genetic Basis of Sleep in Rodents [Seite 204]
12.14.1 - Abstract [Seite 204]
12.14.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 214]
12.15 - Chapter 15: Genetic Basis of Sleep in Healthy Humans [Seite 218]
12.15.1 - Abstract [Seite 218]
12.15.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 225]
12.16 - Chapter 16: Genetics of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Humans [Seite 227]
12.16.1 - Abstract [Seite 227]
12.16.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 238]
12.17 - Chapter 17: Relevance of Sleep Physiology for Sleep Medicine Clinicians [Seite 242]
12.17.1 - Abstract [Seite 242]
12.17.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 243]
12.18 - Chapter 18: What Brain Imaging Reveals about Sleep Generation and Maintenance [Seite 244]
12.18.1 - Abstract [Seite 244]
12.18.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 255]
12.19 - Chapter 19: Cardiovascular Physiology: [Seite 258]
12.19.1 - Abstract [Seite 258]
12.19.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 266]
12.20 - Chapter 20: Cardiovascular Physiology: [Seite 269]
12.20.1 - Abstract [Seite 269]
12.20.2 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 269]
12.20.3 - THE CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONS [Seite 269]
12.20.4 - MEASURES TO EXPLORE AUTONOMIC CHANGES DURING SLEEP AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE [Seite 270]
12.20.5 - SLEEP RELATED CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC CHANGES [Seite 273]
12.20.6 - IMPACT OF AGING ON NEURAL CIRCULATORY RESPONSE TO NORMAL SLEEP [Seite 275]
12.20.7 - EFFECTS OF DISORDERED SLEEP AND PRIMARY AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION ON DAY-NIGHT AUTONOMIC CHANGES [Seite 276]
12.20.8 - SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA [Seite 277]
12.20.9 - SUMMARY [Seite 278]
12.20.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 278]
12.21 - Chapter 21: Respiratory Physiology: [Seite 280]
12.21.1 - Abstract [Seite 280]
12.21.2 - RESPIRATORY NEUROBIOLOGY: BASIC OVERVIEW [Seite 280]
12.21.3 - SLEEP NEUROBIOLOGY: BASIC OVERVIEW [Seite 282]
12.21.4 - CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY MOTONEURONS [Seite 283]
12.21.5 - DETERMINANTS OF RESPIRATORY MOTONEURON ACTIVITY [Seite 284]
12.21.6 - NEUROMODULATION OF RESPIRATORY MOTONEURONS ACROSS SLEEP-WAKE STATES [Seite 286]
12.21.7 - CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY NEURONS [Seite 289]
12.21.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 291]
12.21.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 291]
12.22 - Chapter 22: Respiratory Physiology: [Seite 293]
12.22.1 - Abstract [Seite 293]
12.22.2 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 293]
12.22.3 - PHYSIOLOGY OF VENTILATORY CONTROL DURING SLEEP [Seite 293]
12.22.4 - ADDED RESISTANCE AND AIRWAY OCCLUSION DURING SLEEP [Seite 295]
12.22.5 - AROUSAL RESPONSES [Seite 295]
12.22.6 - CONTROL OF BREATHING RHYTHM DURING SLEEP [Seite 297]
12.22.7 - UPPER AIRWAY-OPENING MUSCLES DURING SLEEP [Seite 297]
12.22.8 - FACTORS INFLUENCING RESPIRATORY CONTROL DURING SLEEP [Seite 297]
12.22.9 - CLINICAL SEQUELAE OF ABNORMAL VENTILATORY RESPONSES [Seite 298]
12.22.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 299]
12.23 - Chapter 23: Normal Physiology of the Upper and Lower Airways [Seite 302]
12.23.1 - Abstract [Seite 302]
12.23.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 309]
12.24 - Chapter 24: Respiratory Physiology: [Seite 312]
12.24.1 - Abstract [Seite 312]
12.24.2 - PHYSIOLOGIC ADJUSTMENT TO HIGH ALTITUDE [Seite 312]
12.24.3 - PERIODIC BREATHING [Seite 314]
12.24.4 - TREATMENT [Seite 319]
12.24.5 - SLEEP AT HIGH ALTITUDE AFTER LONG-TERM ADAPTATION [Seite 320]
12.24.6 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 321]
12.24.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 321]
12.25 - Chapter 25: Sleep and Host Defense [Seite 324]
12.25.1 - Abstract [Seite 324]
12.25.2 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 324]
12.25.3 - THE ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE AND HOST DEFENSE [Seite 324]
12.25.4 - SLEEP CHANGES AFTER INFECTIOUS CHALLENGE [Seite 325]
12.25.5 - SLEEP LOSS EFFECTS ON IMMUNE FUNCTION [Seite 328]
12.25.6 - SLEEP AND IMMUNITY SHARE COMMON REGULATORY MOLECULES [Seite 329]
12.25.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 331]
12.25.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 331]
12.26 - Chapter 26: Endocrine Physiology in Relation to Sleep and Sleep Disturbances [Seite 334]
12.26.1 - Abstract [Seite 334]
12.26.2 - MODULATION OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION BY SLEEP-WAKE HOMEOSTASIS AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMICITY [Seite 334]
12.26.3 - THE GROWTH HORMONE AXIS [Seite 335]
12.26.4 - THE CORTICOTROPIC AXIS [Seite 336]
12.26.5 - THE THYROID AXIS [Seite 337]
12.26.6 - PROLACTIN SECRETION [Seite 338]
12.26.7 - THE GONADAL AXIS [Seite 339]
12.26.8 - GLUCOSE REGULATION [Seite 339]
12.26.9 - SLEEP AND APPETITE REGULATION [Seite 340]
12.26.10 - WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE DURING SLEEP [Seite 341]
12.26.11 - CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION: IMPACT ON ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION [Seite 341]
12.26.12 - REDUCED SLEEP QUALITY AND SLEEP DISORDERS: IMPACT ON ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION [Seite 344]
12.26.13 - OSA [Seite 346]
12.26.14 - AGE-RELATED SLEEP ALTERATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENDOCRINE FUNCTION [Seite 346]
12.26.15 - SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE DISORDERS [Seite 349]
12.26.16 - REFERENCES [Seite 350]
12.27 - Chapter 27: Gastrointestinal Physiology in Relation to Sleep [Seite 355]
12.27.1 - ABSTRACT [Seite 355]
12.27.2 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 355]
12.27.3 - HISTORICAL ASPECTS [Seite 355]
12.27.4 - GASTRIC FUNCTION DURING WAKE AND SLEEP [Seite 356]
12.27.5 - GASTRIC MOTOR FUNCTION DURING SLEEP [Seite 357]
12.27.6 - SWALLOWING AND ESOPHAGEAL FUNCTION [Seite 358]
12.27.7 - INTESTINAL MOTILITY DURING SLEEP [Seite 360]
12.27.8 - SLEEP, ABDOMINAL PAIN, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME [Seite 361]
12.27.9 - EFFECT OF INTESTINAL MOTILITY ON SLEEP [Seite 361]
12.27.10 - COLONIC AND ANORECTAL FUNCTION DURING SLEEP [Seite 362]
12.27.11 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 363]
12.27.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 363]
12.28 - Chapter 28: Body Temperature, Sleep, and Hibernation [Seite 366]
12.28.1 - Abstract [Seite 366]
12.28.2 - INTRODUCTION [Seite 366]
12.28.3 - CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF CORE BODY TEMPERATURE [Seite 366]
12.28.4 - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SLEEP REGULATORY AND THE THERMOREGULATORY SYSTEM [Seite 367]
12.28.5 - HIBERNATION [Seite 373]
12.28.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 374]
12.29 - Chapter 29: Memory Processing in Relation to Sleep [Seite 378]
12.29.1 - Abstract [Seite 378]
12.29.2 - MEMORY SYSTEMS AND MEMORY CONSOLIDATION [Seite 379]
12.29.3 - METHODS FOR STUDYING THE ROLE OF SLEEP FOR MEMORY CONSOLIDATION [Seite 380]
12.29.4 - SLEEP AND DECLARATIVE MEMORY [Seite 382]
12.29.5 - SLEEP AND NONDECLARATIVE MEMORIES [Seite 383]
12.29.6 - SLEEP-DEPENDENT MECHANISMS OF BRAIN PLASTICITY AND MEMORY CONSOLIDATION [Seite 385]
12.29.7 - Conclusions [Seite 386]
12.29.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 387]
12.30 - Chapter 30: Sensory and Motor Processing during Sleep and Wakefulness [Seite 391]
12.30.1 - Abstract [Seite 391]
12.30.2 - MODULATION OF SENSORY PROCESSES DURING SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS [Seite 391]
12.30.3 - MODULATION OF SENSORIMOTOR PROCESSES DURING SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS [Seite 395]
12.30.4 - RESPIRATORY REFLEXES DURING SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS [Seite 397]
12.30.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 401]
12.31 - Chapter 31: Introduction: [Seite 403]
12.31.1 - INTEGRATION OF THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK AND SLEEP-WAKE SYSTEMS [Seite 403]
12.31.2 - REGULATING SLEEP AMOUNT: A HOMEOSTATIC AND A CIRCADIAN INPUT [Seite 404]
12.31.3 - REFERENCES [Seite 405]
12.32 - Chapter 32: Circadian Rhythms in Mammals: [Seite 406]
12.32.1 - Abstract [Seite 406]
12.32.2 - THE NATURE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS [Seite 406]
12.32.3 - PARAMETERS AND MEASUREMENT OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS [Seite 407]
12.32.4 - ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS [Seite 408]
12.32.5 - ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES [Seite 409]
12.32.6 - CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ACROSS THE LIFESPAN [Seite 415]
12.32.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 416]
12.32.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 416]
12.33 - Chapter 33: Anatomy of the Mammalian Circadian System [Seite 419]
12.33.1 - Abstract [Seite 419]
12.33.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 429]
12.34 - Chapter 34: Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System [Seite 433]
12.34.1 - Abstract [Seite 433]
12.34.2 - THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS: MASTER CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER [Seite 433]
12.34.3 - MULTIPLE-OSCILLATOR NATURE OF THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM [Seite 437]
12.34.4 - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS [Seite 441]
12.34.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 441]
12.34.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 441]
12.35 - Chapter 35: The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation [Seite 445]
12.35.1 - Abstract [Seite 445]
12.35.2 - IDENTIFYING THE MAMMALIAN CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER [Seite 445]
12.35.3 - INFLUENCE OF SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY [Seite 445]
12.35.4 - EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON HUMAN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS [Seite 447]
12.35.5 - NONPHOTIC CIRCADIAN PHASE RESETTING AND REENTRAINMENT [Seite 450]
12.35.6 - INVESTIGATING CIRCADIAN AND SLEEP-WAKE DEPENDENT MODULATION [Seite 451]
12.35.7 - AGING AND CIRCADIAN SLEEP-WAKE REGULATION [Seite 457]
12.35.8 - INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS [Seite 458]
12.35.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 458]
12.35.10 - Acknowledgments [Seite 458]
12.35.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 459]
12.36 - Chapter 36: Melatonin and the Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms [Seite 463]
12.36.1 - Abstract [Seite 463]
12.36.2 - MELATONIN: SYNTHESIS, RECEPTORS, AND CIRCADIAN SECRETION PATTERN [Seite 463]
12.36.3 - PHYSIOLOGIC ROLE OF MELATONIN IN THE REST-ACTIVITY CYCLE: CONSEQUENCES FOR SLEEP [Seite 465]
12.36.4 - CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS OF EXOGENOUS CAUSES ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED MELATONIN SECRETION PATTERN [Seite 466]
12.36.5 - CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS OF ENDOGENOUS ORIGIN [Seite 468]
12.36.6 - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATION OF MELATONIN SECRETION PATTERNS [Seite 469]
12.36.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 469]
12.36.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 470]
12.37 - Chapter 37: Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation [Seite 474]
12.37.1 - Abstract [Seite 474]
12.37.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 484]
12.38 - Chapter 38: Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness, Alertness, and Performance [Seite 488]
12.38.1 - Abstract [Seite 488]
12.38.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 495]
12.39 - Chapter 39: Animal Models for Disorders of Circadian Functions: [Seite 499]
12.39.1 - Abstract [Seite 499]
12.39.2 - DESTROYING THE MASTER CIRCADIAN CLOCK IN THE SCN: EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING [Seite 499]
12.39.3 - IMPORTANCE OF "RESONANCE" OF THE TIMING OF THE INTERNAL CIRCADIAN CLOCK WITH THAT OF THE ENTRAINING LD CYCLE [Seite 500]
12.39.4 - HEALTH AND LONGEVITY IN ANIMAL MODELS OF SHIFT-WORK CONDITIONS [Seite 501]
12.39.5 - GENETIC MODELS FOR EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF DISRUPTED RHYTHMS AND DISEASE [Seite 503]
12.39.6 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 503]
12.39.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 504]
12.40 - Chapter 40: Animal Models for Disorders of Chronobiology: [Seite 506]
12.40.1 - Abstract [Seite 506]
12.40.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 510]
12.41 - Chapter 41: Circadian Disorders of the Sleep-Wake Cycle [Seite 513]
12.41.1 - Abstract [Seite 513]
12.41.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 522]
12.42 - Chapter 42: Hypnotic Medications: [Seite 526]
12.42.1 - Abstract [Seite 526]
12.42.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 533]
12.43 - Chapter 43: Clinical Pharmacology of Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics [Seite 535]
12.43.1 - Abstract [Seite 535]
12.43.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 548]
12.44 - Chapter 44: Wake-Promoting Medications: Basic Mechanisms and Pharmacology [Seite 553]
12.44.1 - Abstract [Seite 553]
12.44.2 - CENTRAL NERVOUS STIMULANTS: DEFINITIONS [Seite 553]
12.44.3 - AMPHETAMINES AND AMPHETAMINE-LIKE COMPOUNDS [Seite 553]
12.44.4 - MODAFINIL AND ARMODAFINIL [Seite 563]
12.44.5 - MAZINDOL [Seite 565]
12.44.6 - BUPROPION [Seite 565]
12.44.7 - SELEGILINE (l-DEPRENYL) [Seite 565]
12.44.8 - ATOMOXETINE AND REBOXETINE [Seite 565]
12.44.9 - CAFFEINE [Seite 565]
12.44.10 - FUTURE STIMULANT TREATMENTS [Seite 566]
12.44.11 - CONCLUSION [Seite 567]
12.44.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 567]
12.45 - Chapter 45: Wake-Promoting Medications: [Seite 570]
12.45.1 - Abstract [Seite 570]
12.45.2 - THE HISTORY OF WAKE-PROMOTING MEDICATIONS [Seite 570]
12.45.3 - CAFFEINE [Seite 571]
12.45.4 - SYMPATHOMIMETIC ALERTING AGENTS [Seite 573]
12.45.5 - MODAFINIL AND ARMODAFINIL [Seite 577]
12.45.6 - SODIUM OXYBATE [Seite 578]
12.45.7 - IS ALL WAKEFULNESS THE SAME? [Seite 579]
12.45.8 - SPECIFIC USE OF WAKE-PROMOTING MEDICATIONS [Seite 580]
12.45.9 - CHANGING OR COMBINING MEDICATIONS [Seite 580]
12.45.10 - RECOMMENDATIONS AND TREATMENT PLANNING [Seite 581]
12.45.11 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 582]
12.45.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 582]
12.46 - Chapter 46: Drugs That Disturb Sleep and Wakefulness [Seite 585]
12.46.1 - Abstract [Seite 585]
12.46.2 - PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS [Seite 585]
12.46.3 - ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS [Seite 592]
12.46.4 - ANTIPARKINSONIAN DRUGS [Seite 592]
12.46.5 - CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS [Seite 594]
12.46.6 - HISTAMINE ANTAGONISTS [Seite 596]
12.46.7 - PAIN MEDICATIONS [Seite 596]
12.46.8 - OTHER DRUGS [Seite 597]
12.46.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 598]
12.46.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 598]
12.47 - Chapter 47: Introduction: [Seite 604]
12.47.1 - REFERENCES [Seite 605]
12.48 - Chapter 48: The Neurobiology of Dreaming [Seite 606]
12.48.1 - Abstract [Seite 606]
12.48.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 616]
12.49 - Chapter 49: Ultradian, Circadian, and Sleep-Dependent Features of Dreaming [Seite 619]
12.49.1 - Abstract [Seite 619]
12.49.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 626]
12.50 - Chapter 50: Dream Content: [Seite 628]
12.50.1 - Abstract [Seite 628]
12.50.2 - METHODS FOR COLLECTING DREAM REPORTS [Seite 628]
12.50.3 - ANALYZING DREAM CONTENT: INSTRUMENTS AND ISSUES [Seite 630]
12.50.4 - QUANTITATIVE FINDINGS ON DREAM CONTENT [Seite 631]
12.50.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 635]
12.51 - Chapter 51: Dream Analysis and Classification: [Seite 638]
12.51.1 - Abstract [Seite 638]
12.51.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 645]
12.52 - Chapter 52: Dreams in Patients with Sleep Disorders [Seite 647]
12.52.1 - Abstract [Seite 647]
12.52.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 653]
12.53 - Chapter 53: Dreams and Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [Seite 656]
12.53.1 - Abstract [Seite 656]
12.53.2 - REPLICATIVE-TRAUMA NIGHTMARES: HALLMARK OF A DISORDER? [Seite 656]
12.53.3 - DREAM CONTENT WITH STRESS AND TRAUMA: BEYOND REPLICATION [Seite 657]
12.53.4 - POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF NIGHTMARES IN PTSD [Seite 658]
12.53.5 - SUMMARY AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS [Seite 659]
12.53.6 - TREATMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC NIGHTMARES AND RELATED SLEEP DISTURBANCES [Seite 659]
12.53.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 660]
12.54 - Chapter 54: Dreaming as a Mood-Regulation System [Seite 663]
12.54.1 - Abstract [Seite 663]
12.54.2 - MOOD-REGULATION FUNCTION OF DREAMING IN NORMAL PERSONS [Seite 663]
12.54.3 - MOOD REGULATION FUNCTION OF DREAMING IN PATIENTS WITH PARASOMNIAS [Seite 668]
12.54.4 - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS [Seite 668]
12.54.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 669]
12.55 - Chapter 55: Why We Dream [Seite 671]
12.55.1 - Abstract [Seite 671]
12.55.2 - BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING SLEEP [Seite 671]
12.55.3 - SLEEP-DEPENDENT MEMORY CONSOLIDATION [Seite 671]
12.55.4 - SLEEP STAGES AND DREAM CONTENT [Seite 672]
12.55.5 - DREAMS AND MEMORY SYSTEMS [Seite 672]
12.55.6 - ASSOCIATIVE NETWORKS IN SLEEP [Seite 673]
12.55.7 - DREAMING AND DECLARATIVE MEMORY PROCESSING DURING SLEEP [Seite 674]
12.55.8 - INCORPORATION OF WAKING EVENTS INTO DREAMS [Seite 675]
12.55.9 - EMOTION IN THE SLEEPING BRAIN [Seite 676]
12.55.10 - A NEUROCOGNITIVE MODEL OF DREAM CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTION [Seite 677]
12.55.11 - Acknowledgments [Seite 678]
12.55.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 678]
13 - Part II: Practice of Sleep Medicine [Seite 682]
13.1 - Chapter 56: Approach to the Patient with Disordered Sleep [Seite 684]
13.1.1 - Abstract [Seite 684]
13.1.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 689]
13.2 - Chapter 57: Cardinal Manifestations of Sleep Disorders [Seite 690]
13.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 690]
13.2.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 700]
13.3 - Chapter 58: Physical Examination in Sleep Medicine [Seite 701]
13.3.1 - Abstract [Seite 701]
13.3.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 707]
13.4 - Chapter 59: Use of Clinical Tools and Tests in Sleep Medicine [Seite 709]
13.4.1 - Abstract [Seite 709]
13.4.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 720]
13.5 - Chapter 60: Classification of Sleep Disorders [Seite 723]
13.5.1 - Abstract [Seite 723]
13.5.2 - INSOMNIAS [Seite 723]
13.5.3 - SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS [Seite 726]
13.5.4 - HYPERSOMNIA OF CENTRAL ORIGIN [Seite 727]
13.5.5 - CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS [Seite 728]
13.5.6 - PARASOMNIAS [Seite 728]
13.5.7 - SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS [Seite 729]
13.5.8 - OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS [Seite 730]
13.5.9 - CURRENT AND FUTURE CLASSIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 730]
13.5.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 733]
13.6 - Chapter 61: Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders [Seite 737]
13.6.1 - Abstract [Seite 737]
13.6.2 - SLEEP DURATION [Seite 737]
13.6.3 - INSOMNIA AND USE OF HYPNOTIC AGENTS [Seite 738]
13.6.4 - CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND THEIR DISORDERS [Seite 741]
13.6.5 - EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS AND HYPERSOMNIA [Seite 741]
13.6.6 - NARCOLEPSY AND NARCOLEPSY-LIKE SYMPTOMS [Seite 744]
13.6.7 - SNORING, SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING, AND SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME [Seite 745]
13.6.8 - RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME [Seite 751]
13.6.9 - REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER [Seite 751]
13.6.10 - PARASOMNIAS [Seite 751]
13.6.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 752]
13.7 - Chapter 62: Sleep Medicine, Public Policy, and Public Health [Seite 759]
13.7.1 - Abstract [Seite 759]
13.7.2 - SLEEP IN MODERN SOCIETY [Seite 759]
13.7.3 - THE CHALLENGE [Seite 760]
13.7.4 - KEY AREAS FOR EDUCATION AND AWARENESS [Seite 760]
13.7.5 - MAKING SLEEP A MATTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PUBLIC POLICY [Seite 764]
13.7.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 765]
13.7.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 766]
13.8 - Chapter 63: Sleep Forensics [Seite 768]
13.8.1 - EVOLUTION OF LEGAL THOUGHT [Seite 768]
13.8.2 - EVOLUTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS THOUGHT [Seite 769]
13.8.3 - COMPLEX BEHAVIOR ARISING FROM SLEEP [Seite 771]
13.8.4 - THE DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP FORENSICS [Seite 773]
13.8.5 - CLINICAL GUIDELINES TO ASSIST IN DETERMINING PURPORTED VIOLENCE ARISING FROM SLEEP [Seite 773]
13.8.6 - THE ROLE OF THE SLEEP MEDICINE SPECIALIST [Seite 774]
13.8.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 774]
13.8.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 775]
13.9 - Chapter 64: Introduction [Seite 777]
13.9.1 - Abstract [Seite 777]
13.9.2 - FATIGUE AS A FUNCTION OF SLEEP-WAKE HISTORY, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM, AND WORK LOAD [Seite 777]
13.9.3 - MANAGING SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM-RELATED FATIGUE RISK [Seite 778]
13.9.4 - DROWSY DRIVING [Seite 778]
13.9.5 - MONITORING SLEEP AND WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE [Seite 779]
13.9.6 - SHIFT WORK, SHIFT-WORK SLEEP DISORDER, AND JET LAG [Seite 779]
13.9.7 - POLICE, FIRST RESPONDERS, AND THE MILITARY [Seite 779]
13.9.8 - PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT OF SLEEP AND FATIGUE [Seite 779]
13.9.9 - SLEEP, STRESS, AND BURNOUT [Seite 779]
13.9.10 - THE SCIENCE AND ART OF OCCUPATIONAL SLEEP MEDICINE [Seite 780]
13.9.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 780]
13.10 - Chapter 65: Performance Deficits during Sleep Loss: [Seite 781]
13.10.1 - Abstract [Seite 781]
13.10.2 - THE NATURE OF SLEEPINESS-INDUCED PERFORMANCE DEFICITS [Seite 781]
13.10.3 - FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING STUDIES OF SLEEPINESS AND PERFORMANCE [Seite 782]
13.10.4 - INFLUENCE OF THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF ALERTNESS ON PERFORMANCE [Seite 783]
13.10.5 - TIME ON TASK (FATIGUE) EFFECTS [Seite 783]
13.10.6 - THE NONSPECIFICITY OF SLEEP LOSS-INDUCED PERFORMANCE DEFICITS [Seite 785]
13.10.7 - PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODELING [Seite 785]
13.10.8 - CONCLUSION [Seite 786]
13.10.9 - Disclaimer [Seite 786]
13.10.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 786]
13.11 - Chapter 66: Fatigue and Performance Modeling [Seite 788]
13.11.1 - Abstract [Seite 788]
13.11.2 - COMPONENTS OF A FATIGUE MODEL [Seite 788]
13.11.3 - MODULATION OF PERFORMANCE [Seite 789]
13.11.4 - RECUPERATION DURING SLEEP [Seite 789]
13.11.5 - SLEEP ESTIMATION [Seite 791]
13.11.6 - ADAPTATION OF CIRCADIAN PHASE [Seite 791]
13.11.7 - PREDICTING PERFORMANCE [Seite 791]
13.11.8 - FATIGUE MODELING APPLIED TO OPERATIONAL SETTINGS [Seite 792]
13.11.9 - LIMITATIONS AND ENHANCEMENTS OF FATIGUE MODELS [Seite 793]
13.11.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 794]
13.12 - Chapter 67: Fatigue, Performance, Errors, and Accidents [Seite 796]
13.12.1 - Abstract [Seite 796]
13.12.2 - SLEEP, CIRCADIAN, AND TIME-ON-TASK FACTORS MODULATING RISK OF ERRORS AND ACCIDENTS [Seite 796]
13.12.3 - FATIGUE, PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT, AND WAKE- STATE INSTABILITY [Seite 797]
13.12.4 - PREDICTING ACCIDENTS [Seite 798]
13.12.5 - MODELING SLEEP-WAKE-WORK AND ACCIDENT RISK [Seite 799]
13.12.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 801]
13.12.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 801]
13.13 - Chapter 68: Fatigue Risk Management [Seite 803]
13.13.1 - Abstract [Seite 803]
13.13.2 - A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK [Seite 803]
13.13.3 - DYNAMICS OF SLEEP LOSS AND RECOVERY [Seite 804]
13.13.4 - MANAGING FATIGUE RISK [Seite 806]
13.13.5 - CHALLENGES [Seite 808]
13.13.6 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 809]
13.13.7 - Acknowledgement [Seite 809]
13.13.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 809]
13.14 - Chapter 69: Drowsy Driving [Seite 812]
13.14.1 - Abstract [Seite 812]
13.14.2 - PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISKS [Seite 812]
13.14.3 - EVALUATION OF RISK IN PATIENTS WITH SLEEPINESS WHILE DRIVING [Seite 814]
13.14.4 - IMPACT OF TREATMENT AND COUNTERMEASURES ON ACCIDENT RISK [Seite 814]
13.14.5 - DRIVING LICENSE REGULATIONS [Seite 814]
13.14.6 - FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 815]
13.14.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 816]
13.15 - Chapter 70: Sleep and Performance Monitoring in the Workplace: [Seite 818]
13.15.1 - Abstract [Seite 818]
13.15.2 - SLEEP, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM, WORKLOAD, AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE [Seite 818]
13.15.3 - TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE IN THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT [Seite 820]
13.15.4 - A REVIEW OF FIELD SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES [Seite 821]
13.15.5 - METHODOLOGICAL FACTORS IN FIELD STUDIES OF SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE [Seite 821]
13.15.6 - USEFULNESS OF FIELD STUDIES OF SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE [Seite 824]
13.15.7 - SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES AND THE MANAGEMENT OF FATIGUE-ASSOCIATED RISK OF ERROR, INCIDENT, AND ACCIDENT [Seite 824]
13.15.8 - THE FUTURE OF SLEEP AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING IN THE WORKPLACE [Seite 824]
13.15.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 824]
13.16 - Chapter 71: Shift Work, Shift-Work Disorder, and Jet Lag [Seite 827]
13.16.1 - Abstract [Seite 827]
13.16.2 - SHIFT WORK [Seite 827]
13.16.3 - SHIFT-WORK DISORDER [Seite 830]
13.16.4 - JET LAG [Seite 834]
13.16.5 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 837]
13.16.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 838]
13.16.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 838]
13.17 - Chapter 72: Sleep Problems in First Responders and the Military [Seite 842]
13.17.1 - Abstract [Seite 842]
13.17.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 850]
13.18 - Chapter 73: Pharmacologic Management of Performance Deficits Resulting from Sleep Loss and Circadian Desynchrony [Seite 852]
13.18.1 - Abstract [Seite 852]
13.18.2 - PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE [Seite 853]
13.18.3 - PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING SLEEP [Seite 854]
13.18.4 - CONCLUSION [Seite 855]
13.18.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 855]
13.19 - Chapter 74: Sleep, Stress, and Burnout [Seite 857]
13.19.1 - Abstract [Seite 857]
13.19.2 - THE CROSS-SECTIONAL CONNECTION BETWEEN STRESS AND SLEEP [Seite 857]
13.19.3 - THE PROSPECTIVE CONNECTION BETWEEN STRESS AND SLEEP [Seite 858]
13.19.4 - RUMINATION AND ANTICIPATION [Seite 859]
13.19.5 - POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS [Seite 859]
13.19.6 - SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY THAT SEEMS TO LINK SLEEP WITH STRESS [Seite 859]
13.19.7 - SIMILARITY OF MORBIDITY DUE TO STRESS AND SLEEP LOSS [Seite 860]
13.19.8 - BURNOUT AND SLEEP [Seite 860]
13.19.9 - MEASURING STRESS [Seite 861]
13.19.10 - CONCLUSION [Seite 861]
13.19.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 861]
13.20 - Chapter 75: Insomnia: [Seite 865]
13.20.1 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 865]
13.20.2 - DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT [Seite 865]
13.20.3 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL FINDINGS [Seite 866]
13.20.4 - TREATMENT [Seite 867]
13.20.5 - DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT GUIDELINES [Seite 868]
13.20.6 - FUTURE DIRECTIONS [Seite 868]
13.20.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 868]
13.20.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 868]
13.21 - Chapter 76: Insomnia: [Seite 870]
13.21.1 - Abstract [Seite 870]
13.21.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 870]
13.21.3 - RISK FACTORS [Seite 876]
13.21.4 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 878]
13.21.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 878]
13.22 - Chapter 77: Insomnia: [Seite 881]
13.22.1 - Abstract [Seite 881]
13.22.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 890]
13.23 - Chapter 78: Models of Insomnia [Seite 893]
13.23.1 - THE DEFINITION OF INSOMNIA [Seite 893]
13.23.2 - THE STIMULUS CONTROL MODEL [Seite 893]
13.23.3 - THE 3P MODEL [Seite 894]
13.23.4 - THE NEUROCOGNITIVE MODEL [Seite 896]
13.23.5 - THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL INHIBITION MODEL [Seite 898]
13.23.6 - THE DROSOPHILA MODEL [Seite 901]
13.23.7 - THE CAGE EXCHANGE MODEL OF ACUTE INSOMNIA [Seite 903]
13.23.8 - CONCLUSION [Seite 905]
13.23.9 - Acknowledgement [Seite 906]
13.23.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 906]
13.24 - Chapter 79: Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Insomnia I: [Seite 909]
13.24.1 - Abstract [Seite 909]
13.24.2 - CURRENT TREATMENT PRACTICES [Seite 909]
13.24.3 - TREATMENTS [Seite 909]
13.24.4 - TREATMENT OUTCOME EVIDENCE [Seite 912]
13.24.5 - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION [Seite 924]
13.24.6 - Acknowledgment [Seite 925]
13.24.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 925]
13.25 - Chapter 80: Psychological and Behavioral Treatments for Insomnia II: [Seite 927]
13.25.1 - Abstract [Seite 927]
13.25.2 - INTERVENTION TOOLS [Seite 927]
13.25.3 - METHODS OF DELIVERING TREATMENT [Seite 933]
13.25.4 - TREATMENT DOSING [Seite 936]
13.25.5 - TREATMENT ACCEPTABILITY AND ADHERENCE ISSUES [Seite 937]
13.25.6 - APPLICATIONS TO PATIENTS WITH COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS [Seite 939]
13.25.7 - APPLICATIONS TO PATIENTS WITH COMORBID MEDICAL CONDITIONS [Seite 940]
13.25.8 - USE WITH YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS [Seite 942]
13.25.9 - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS [Seite 943]
13.25.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 943]
13.26 - Chapter 81: Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia: [Seite 948]
13.26.1 - Abstract [Seite 948]
13.26.2 - EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS [Seite 948]
13.26.3 - SAFETY [Seite 953]
13.26.4 - CONSIDERATIONS FOR PHARMACOTHERAPY [Seite 955]
13.26.5 - CONCLUSION [Seite 956]
13.26.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 956]
13.27 - Chapter 82: Pharmacologic Treatment: [Seite 959]
13.27.1 - Abstract [Seite 959]
13.27.2 - MELATONIN AND MELATONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS [Seite 959]
13.27.3 - SEDATING ANTIDEPRESSANTS [Seite 964]
13.27.4 - ANTIPSYCHOTICS [Seite 966]
13.27.5 - ANTICONVULSANTS [Seite 967]
13.27.6 - ANTIHISTAMINES [Seite 967]
13.27.7 - CHLORAL HYDRATE [Seite 968]
13.27.8 - SODIUM OXYBATE [Seite 968]
13.27.9 - HERBALS [Seite 969]
13.27.10 - SUMMARY OF CLINICAL CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE OTHER AGENTS MIGHT BE PREFERRED [Seite 969]
13.27.11 - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS [Seite 970]
13.27.12 - Acknowledgments [Seite 971]
13.27.13 - REFERENCES [Seite 971]
13.28 - Chapter 83: Treatment Guidelines for Insomnia [Seite 974]
13.28.1 - Abstract [Seite 974]
13.28.2 - THE ROLE OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES [Seite 974]
13.28.3 - DEVELOPMENT OF INSOMNIA CLINICAL GUIDELINES [Seite 975]
13.28.4 - OPEN QUESTIONS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS [Seite 979]
13.28.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 979]
13.29 - Chapter 84: Narcolepsy: [Seite 981]
13.29.1 - Abstract [Seite 981]
13.29.2 - ANIMAL MODELS OF NARCOLEPSY [Seite 982]
13.29.3 - PHARMACOLOGY OF NARCOLEPSY [Seite 983]
13.29.4 - HYPOCRETIN AND INVOLVEMENT IN NARCOLEPSY [Seite 985]
13.29.5 - GENETIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN NARCOLEPSY [Seite 987]
13.29.6 - CLINICAL OVERLAPS OF THE HYPOCRETIN DEFICIENCY SYNDROME [Seite 989]
13.29.7 - HYPOCRETIN COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS [Seite 994]
13.29.8 - CONCLUSION [Seite 995]
13.29.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 995]
13.30 - Chapter 85: Narcolepsy: [Seite 1000]
13.30.1 - Abstract [Seite 1000]
13.30.2 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1000]
13.30.3 - ONSET OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS [Seite 1002]
13.30.4 - DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES [Seite 1002]
13.30.5 - TREATMENT [Seite 1004]
13.30.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 1009]
13.31 - Chapter 86: Idiopathic Hypersomnia [Seite 1012]
13.31.1 - Abstract [Seite 1012]
13.31.2 - HISTORY [Seite 1012]
13.31.3 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1012]
13.31.4 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1012]
13.31.5 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1013]
13.31.6 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1014]
13.31.7 - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1017]
13.31.8 - TREATMENT [Seite 1020]
13.31.9 - CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION [Seite 1021]
13.31.10 - PITFALLS [Seite 1021]
13.31.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 1021]
13.32 - Chapter 87: Parkinsonism [Seite 1023]
13.32.1 - Abstract [Seite 1023]
13.32.2 - DEFINITION [Seite 1023]
13.32.3 - HISTORICAL ASPECTS [Seite 1024]
13.32.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1024]
13.32.5 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1027]
13.32.6 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1028]
13.32.7 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1029]
13.32.8 - TREATMENT [Seite 1031]
13.32.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1033]
13.33 - Chapter 88: Sleep and Stroke [Seite 1036]
13.33.1 - Abstract [Seite 1036]
13.33.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1053]
13.34 - Chapter 89: Sleep and Neuromuscular Diseases [Seite 1059]
13.34.1 - Abstract [Seite 1059]
13.34.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1065]
13.35 - Chapter 90: Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep [Seite 1069]
13.35.1 - Abstract [Seite 1069]
13.35.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1077]
13.36 - Chapter 91 [Seite 1081]
13.37 - Chapter 92: Epilepsy, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders [Seite 1091]
13.37.1 - HISTORICAL ASPECTS [Seite 1091]
13.37.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1091]
13.37.3 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1092]
13.37.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1093]
13.37.5 - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION [Seite 1101]
13.37.6 - TREATMENT [Seite 1102]
13.37.7 - CLINICAL COURSE [Seite 1102]
13.37.8 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1102]
13.37.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1102]
13.37.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1102]
13.38 - Chapter 93: Other Neurologic Disorders [Seite 1107]
13.38.1 - Abstract [Seite 1107]
13.38.2 - HEADACHE [Seite 1107]
13.38.3 - MANAGEMENT [Seite 1110]
13.38.4 - HEAD TRAUMA [Seite 1110]
13.38.5 - MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS [Seite 1111]
13.38.6 - HEREDITARY NEURODEGENERATIVE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS [Seite 1112]
13.38.7 - ACUTE ENCEPHALITIDES [Seite 1113]
13.38.8 - BRAIN TUMORS [Seite 1114]
13.38.9 - SPINAL CORD DISEASE [Seite 1114]
13.38.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1115]
13.39 - Chapter 94: Non-REM Arousal Parasomnias [Seite 1118]
13.39.1 - Abstract [Seite 1118]
13.39.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS [Seite 1119]
13.39.3 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1119]
13.39.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1120]
13.39.5 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1122]
13.39.6 - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1122]
13.39.7 - TREATMENT [Seite 1122]
13.39.8 - CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION [Seite 1123]
13.39.9 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1123]
13.39.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1123]
13.40 - Chapter 95: REM Sleep Parasomnias [Seite 1126]
13.40.1 - Abstract [Seite 1126]
13.40.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1135]
13.41 - Chapter 96: Other Parasomnias [Seite 1141]
13.41.1 - Abstract [Seite 1141]
13.41.2 - NORMAL SLEEP PHENOMENA [Seite 1141]
13.41.3 - MISCELLANEOUS PRIMARY SLEEP PARASOMNIAS [Seite 1141]
13.41.4 - SECONDARY SLEEP PARASOMNIAS [Seite 1143]
13.41.5 - FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS [Seite 1145]
13.41.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 1145]
13.42 - Chapter 97: Idiopathic Nightmares and Dream Disturbances Associated with Sleep-Wake Transitions [Seite 1149]
13.42.1 - Abstract [Seite 1149]
13.42.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1156]
13.43 - Chapter 98: Disturbed Dreaming as a Factor in Medical Conditions [Seite 1159]
13.43.1 - Abstract [Seite 1159]
13.43.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1168]
13.44 - Chapter 99: Sleep Bruxism [Seite 1171]
13.44.1 - Abstract [Seite 1171]
13.44.2 - ETIOLOGY [Seite 1171]
13.44.3 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS [Seite 1171]
13.44.4 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY [Seite 1172]
13.44.5 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1175]
13.44.6 - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION [Seite 1176]
13.44.7 - TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT [Seite 1178]
13.44.8 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1180]
13.44.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1180]
13.44.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1180]
13.45 - Chapter 100: Central Sleep Apnea and Periodic Breathing [Seite 1183]
13.45.1 - Abstract [Seite 1183]
13.45.2 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY [Seite 1184]
13.45.3 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1189]
13.45.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES AND CONSEQUENCES [Seite 1189]
13.45.5 - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION [Seite 1191]
13.45.6 - TREATMENT [Seite 1191]
13.45.7 - SUMMARY [Seite 1192]
13.45.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1193]
13.46 - Chapter 101: Anatomy and Physiology of Upper Airway Obstruction [Seite 1196]
13.46.1 - Abstract [Seite 1196]
13.46.2 - UPPER AIRWAY FUNCTION [Seite 1196]
13.46.3 - NORMAL UPPER AIRWAY ANATOMY [Seite 1196]
13.46.4 - STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY [Seite 1196]
13.46.5 - PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES [Seite 1200]
13.46.6 - DIFFERENCES IN STATIC UPPER AIRWAY ANATOMY IN PATIENTS WITH SLEEP APNEA [Seite 1203]
13.46.7 - DYNAMIC PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES IN UPPER AIRWAY STRUCTURES [Seite 1207]
13.46.8 - OBSTRUCTION OF THE PHARYNX DURING SLEEP [Seite 1208]
13.46.9 - EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP ON UPPER AIRWAY CALIBER [Seite 1208]
13.46.10 - INTERACTION OF ANATOMIC AND NEUROLOGIC FACTORS ON PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY CLOSURE DURING SLEEP: A SCHEMATIC MODEL [Seite 1210]
13.46.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 1212]
13.47 - Chapter 102: Snoring [Seite 1215]
13.47.1 - Abstract [Seite 1215]
13.47.2 - HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE [Seite 1215]
13.47.3 - DEFINITIONS [Seite 1215]
13.47.4 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MEASUREMENT OF SNORING [Seite 1215]
13.47.5 - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SNORING [Seite 1216]
13.47.6 - HEALTH EFFECTS OF NONAPNEIC SNORING [Seite 1216]
13.47.7 - CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT [Seite 1217]
13.47.8 - TREATMENT [Seite 1219]
13.47.9 - CONCLUSION [Seite 1223]
13.47.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1223]
13.48 - Chapter 103: Genetics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea [Seite 1226]
13.48.1 - Abstract [Seite 1226]
13.48.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1234]
13.49 - Chapter 104: Cognition and Performance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea [Seite 1237]
13.49.1 - Abstract [Seite 1237]
13.49.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1246]
13.50 - Chapter 105: Clinical Features and Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome [Seite 1249]
13.50.1 - Abstract [Seite 1249]
13.50.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1249]
13.50.3 - DEFINITION OF ABNORMAL BREATHING EVENTS [Seite 1250]
13.50.4 - CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS [Seite 1250]
13.50.5 - UPPER AIRWAY RESISTANCE SYNDROME [Seite 1255]
13.50.6 - RISK FACTORS [Seite 1256]
13.50.7 - CLINICAL EXAMINATION [Seite 1256]
13.50.8 - SUMMARY [Seite 1259]
13.50.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1259]
13.51 - Chapter 106: Medical Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea [Seite 1262]
13.51.1 - Abstract [Seite 1262]
13.51.2 - BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS [Seite 1262]
13.51.3 - ENDOCRINE CONSIDERATIONS [Seite 1266]
13.51.4 - PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTIONS [Seite 1266]
13.51.5 - MECHANICAL THERAPY [Seite 1269]
13.51.6 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERISES [Seite 1272]
13.51.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1272]
13.51.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1272]
13.52 - Chapter 107: Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea- Hypopnea Syndrome [Seite 1276]
13.52.1 - Abstract [Seite 1276]
13.52.2 - NASAL CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE [Seite 1276]
13.52.3 - PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF TREATMENT [Seite 1277]
13.52.4 - PROBLEMS AND SIDE EFFECTS [Seite 1280]
13.52.5 - ADHERENCE [Seite 1282]
13.52.6 - AUTOTITRATING CPAP [Seite 1284]
13.52.7 - MANAGEMENT OF CPAP FAILURE [Seite 1284]
13.52.8 - COMPLEX SLEEP APNEA [Seite 1288]
13.52.9 - HEALTH OUTCOMES AND NASAL CPAP [Seite 1288]
13.52.10 - CPAP AND HEART FAILURE [Seite 1288]
13.52.11 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1288]
13.52.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 1289]
13.53 - Chapter 108: Surgical Management for Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing [Seite 1293]
13.53.1 - Abstract [Seite 1293]
13.53.2 - HISTORICAL PROSPECTIVE [Seite 1293]
13.53.3 - RATIONALE [Seite 1293]
13.53.4 - INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS [Seite 1293]
13.53.5 - PRETREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCERNS [Seite 1293]
13.53.6 - CLINICAL EVALUATION IN ASSESSING SURGICAL CANDIDACY [Seite 1294]
13.53.7 - APPROACH TO SURGICAL TREATMENT [Seite 1295]
13.53.8 - ISSUES IN EVIDENCE- BASED MEDICINE [Seite 1295]
13.53.9 - TWO-PHASED SURGICAL PROTOCOL [Seite 1296]
13.53.10 - AASM SURGICAL PRACTICE PARAMETERS [Seite 1304]
13.53.11 - SURGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING [Seite 1306]
13.53.12 - REFERENCES [Seite 1306]
13.54 - Chapter 109: Oral Appliances for Sleep- Disordered Breathing [Seite 1309]
13.54.1 - Abstract [Seite 1309]
13.54.2 - TYPES OF APPLIANCES [Seite 1309]
13.54.3 - MECHANISM OF ACTION [Seite 1309]
13.54.4 - CLINICAL OUTCOMES [Seite 1311]
13.54.5 - PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT OUTCOME [Seite 1314]
13.54.6 - SIDE EFFECTS AND COMPLICATIONS [Seite 1315]
13.54.7 - TREATMENT COMPLIANCE [Seite 1315]
13.54.8 - CLINICAL PROTOCOL FOR ORAL APPLIANCE THERAPY [Seite 1316]
13.54.9 - SUMMARY [Seite 1317]
13.54.10 - FUTURE DIRECTIONS [Seite 1317]
13.54.11 - REFERENCES [Seite 1318]
13.55 - Chapter 110: Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome [Seite 1321]
13.55.1 - Abstract [Seite 1321]
13.55.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS [Seite 1321]
13.55.3 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1322]
13.55.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1322]
13.55.5 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1323]
13.55.6 - CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION [Seite 1327]
13.55.7 - TREATMENT [Seite 1327]
13.55.8 - COMMON CLINICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN MANAGING PATIENTS WITH OSAH [Seite 1330]
13.55.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1333]
13.56 - Chapter 111: Sleep in Patients with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [Seite 1337]
13.56.1 - Abstract [Seite 1337]
13.56.2 - NOCTURNAL ASTHMA [Seite 1337]
13.56.3 - CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE [Seite 1342]
13.56.4 - REFERENCES [Seite 1347]
13.57 - Chapter 112: Restrictive Lung Disorders [Seite 1351]
13.57.1 - Abstract [Seite 1351]
13.57.2 - OBESITY [Seite 1351]
13.57.3 - OBESITY-HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME [Seite 1353]
13.57.4 - KYPHOSCOLIOSIS [Seite 1355]
13.57.5 - INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE [Seite 1357]
13.57.6 - REFERENCES [Seite 1359]
13.58 - Chapter 113: Noninvasive Ventilation to Treat Chronic Ventilatory Failure [Seite 1361]
13.58.1 - Abstract [Seite 1361]
13.58.2 - INDICATIONS FOR NOCTURNAL NPPV [Seite 1361]
13.58.3 - TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NPPV [Seite 1364]
13.58.4 - MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS DURING NPPV [Seite 1368]
13.58.5 - OUTCOMES OF NOCTURNAL NPPV [Seite 1368]
13.58.6 - CONCLUSION [Seite 1371]
13.58.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 1371]
13.59 - Chapter 114: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Dysfunction [Seite 1374]
13.59.1 - Abstract [Seite 1374]
13.59.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1379]
13.60 - Chapter 115: Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Obesity, and Bariatric Surgery [Seite 1382]
13.60.1 - Abstract [Seite 1382]
13.60.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1389]
13.61 - Chapter 116: Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease: [Seite 1392]
13.61.1 - Abstract [Seite 1392]
13.61.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1395]
13.62 - Chapter 117: Sleep-Related Cardiac Risk [Seite 1396]
13.62.1 - Abstract [Seite 1396]
13.62.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1403]
13.63 - Chapter 118: Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis during Sleep: [Seite 1406]
13.63.1 - Abstract [Seite 1406]
13.63.2 - VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS [Seite 1406]
13.63.3 - NOCTURNAL ASYSTOLE AND QT-INTERVAL PROLONGATION [Seite 1407]
13.63.4 - ATRIAL FIBRILLATION [Seite 1407]
13.63.5 - SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME [Seite 1409]
13.63.6 - THE BRUGADA SYNDROME AND SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED NOCTURNAL DEATH [Seite 1409]
13.63.7 - SLEEP-DISRUPTING EFFECTS OF CARDIAC MEDICATIONS [Seite 1410]
13.63.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1411]
13.64 - Chapter 119: Cardiovascular Effects of Sleep- Related Breathing Disorders [Seite 1413]
13.64.1 - Abstract [Seite 1413]
13.64.2 - ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS ABNORMALITIES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES [Seite 1413]
13.64.3 - ACUTE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF SLEEP APNEA [Seite 1416]
13.64.4 - SUMMARY [Seite 1421]
13.64.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 1421]
13.65 - Chapter 120: Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea [Seite 1424]
13.65.1 - Abstract [Seite 1424]
13.65.2 - SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION [Seite 1424]
13.65.3 - PULMONARY HYPERTENSION [Seite 1431]
13.65.4 - REFERENCES [Seite 1433]
13.66 - Chapter 121 [Seite 1436]
13.66.1 - Abstract [Seite 1436]
13.66.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1436]
14 - Chapter 122: Heart Failure [Seite 1443]
14.1 - Abstract [Seite 1443]
14.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE AND SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS [Seite 1443]
14.3 - MECHANISMS OF SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS IN HEART FAILURE [Seite 1446]
14.4 - PATHOLOGIC CONSEQUENCES AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS [Seite 1447]
14.5 - CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF OBSTRUCTIVE AND CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE [Seite 1449]
14.6 - TREATMENT OF SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE [Seite 1450]
14.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 1455]
15 - Chapter 123: Sleep and Fatigue in Cancer Patients [Seite 1459]
15.1 - Abstract [Seite 1459]
15.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1459]
15.3 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1461]
15.4 - TREATMENT [Seite 1462]
15.5 - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: IS IT SLEEPINESS, FATIGUE, OR SOMETHING ELSE? [Seite 1463]
15.6 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1463]
15.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 1463]
15.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1463]
16 - Chapter 124: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes [Seite 1465]
16.1 - Abstract [Seite 1465]
16.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY [Seite 1466]
16.3 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1466]
16.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1467]
16.5 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1468]
16.6 - TREATMENT [Seite 1470]
16.7 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1472]
16.8 - CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION [Seite 1473]
16.9 - TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND SCORING CRITERIA [Seite 1473]
16.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1476]
17 - Chapter 125: Endocrine Disorders [Seite 1478]
17.1 - Abstract [Seite 1478]
17.2 - ACROMEGALY AND OTHER GROWTH HORMONE DISORDERS [Seite 1478]
17.3 - SEX HORMONE DISORDERS [Seite 1480]
17.4 - THYROID DISORDERS [Seite 1481]
17.5 - DISORDERED CORTICOSTEROID SECRETION AND SLEEP [Seite 1481]
17.6 - DIABETES AND CENTRAL OBESITY [Seite 1482]
17.7 - Acknowledgment [Seite 1483]
17.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1483]
18 - Chapter 126: Pain and Sleep [Seite 1485]
18.1 - Abstract [Seite 1485]
18.2 - PAIN AND SLEEP [Seite 1485]
18.3 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1487]
18.4 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1489]
18.5 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1489]
18.6 - TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT [Seite 1491]
18.7 - CONCLUSION [Seite 1492]
18.8 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1492]
18.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1492]
18.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1492]
19 - Chapter 127: Gastrointestinal Disorders [Seite 1495]
19.1 - Abstract [Seite 1495]
19.2 - NOCTURNAL GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS [Seite 1495]
19.3 - NOCTURNAL ACID SECRETION IN DUODENAL ULCER DISEASE [Seite 1495]
19.4 - GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DURING SLEEP [Seite 1496]
19.5 - ESOPHAGEAL ACID CLEARANCE DURING SLEEP [Seite 1497]
19.6 - PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF SLEEP-RELATED GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX [Seite 1500]
19.7 - INTESTINAL MOTILITY DURING SLEEP AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME [Seite 1501]
19.8 - CONCLUSIONS [Seite 1502]
19.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1503]
20 - Chapter 128: Sleep in Chronic Kidney Disease [Seite 1505]
20.1 - Abstract [Seite 1505]
20.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1513]
21 - Chapter 129: Anxiety Disorders [Seite 1516]
21.1 - Abstract [Seite 1516]
21.2 - PANIC DISORDER [Seite 1517]
21.3 - GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER [Seite 1520]
21.4 - SOCIAL PHOBIA [Seite 1521]
21.5 - OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER [Seite 1523]
21.6 - POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER [Seite 1524]
21.7 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1526]
21.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1527]
22 - Chapter 130: Mood Disorders [Seite 1531]
22.1 - Abstract [Seite 1531]
22.2 - CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1531]
22.3 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS [Seite 1531]
22.4 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1533]
22.5 - CLINICAL FEATURES [Seite 1533]
22.6 - TREATMENT [Seite 1537]
22.7 - CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION [Seite 1541]
22.8 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1541]
22.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1541]
23 - Chapter 131: Schizophrenia [Seite 1544]
23.1 - Abstract [Seite 1544]
23.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS [Seite 1544]
23.3 - DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1545]
23.4 - PATHOGENESIS [Seite 1546]
23.5 - CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION [Seite 1546]
23.6 - SLEEP-RELATED FEATURES [Seite 1546]
23.7 - TREATMENT [Seite 1548]
23.8 - CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1551]
23.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1552]
24 - Chapter 132: Medication and Substance Abuse [Seite 1555]
24.1 - Abstract [Seite 1555]
24.2 - SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE [Seite 1555]
24.3 - DRUG DEPENDENCE AND SLEEP MEDICINE [Seite 1555]
24.4 - UNDERSTANDING SUBSTANCE ABUSE [Seite 1556]
24.5 - SLEEP-WAKE ALTERATIONS AND SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES [Seite 1558]
24.6 - DRUG SEEKING VERSUS THERAPY SEEKING [Seite 1563]
24.7 - Acknowledgment [Seite 1564]
24.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1564]
25 - Chapter 133: Medical and Psychiatric Disorders and the Medications Used to Treat Them [Seite 1567]
25.1 - Abstract [Seite 1567]
25.2 - PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS AND SLEEP IN THE OLDER ADULT [Seite 1568]
25.3 - MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND SLEEP IN THE OLDER ADULT [Seite 1569]
25.4 - EFFECT OF MEDICATIONS ON SLEEP [Seite 1571]
25.5 - SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN OLDER ADULTS [Seite 1573]
25.6 - SPECIAL CONDITIONS [Seite 1573]
25.7 - SUMMARY [Seite 1575]
25.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1576]
26 - Chapter 134: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Elderly [Seite 1579]
26.1 - Abstract [Seite 1579]
26.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS [Seite 1579]
26.3 - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PRESENTATION [Seite 1579]
26.4 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY [Seite 1580]
26.5 - CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES [Seite 1580]
26.6 - TREATMENT [Seite 1582]
26.7 - DRIVING AND THE OLDER PATIENT WITH OSAH [Seite 1583]
26.8 - SUMMARY [Seite 1583]
26.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1584]
27 - Chapter 135: Insomnia in Older Adults [Seite 1587]
27.1 - Abstract [Seite 1587]
27.2 - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS [Seite 1587]
27.3 - CONSEQUENCES OF INSOMNIA [Seite 1588]
27.4 - ETIOLOGY [Seite 1588]
27.5 - EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS [Seite 1590]
27.6 - TREATMENT [Seite 1590]
27.7 - SUMMARY [Seite 1592]
27.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1592]
27.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1592]
28 - Chapter 136: Sleep in Independently Living and Institutionalized Elderly [Seite 1594]
28.1 - Abstract [Seite 1594]
28.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1601]
29 - Chapter 137: Sex Differences and Menstrual-Related Changes in Sleep and Circadian Rhythms [Seite 1605]
29.1 - Abstract [Seite 1605]
29.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1613]
30 - Chapter 138: Sleep Disturbances and Sleep-Related Disorders in Pregnancy [Seite 1615]
30.1 - Abstract [Seite 1615]
30.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1627]
31 - Chapter 139: The Postpartum Period [Seite 1630]
31.1 - Abstract [Seite 1630]
31.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1634]
32 - Chapter 140: Menopause [Seite 1635]
32.1 - Abstract [Seite 1635]
32.2 - PHASES OF THE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION [Seite 1635]
32.3 - NORMAL SLEEP PATTERNS DURING MENOPAUSE [Seite 1635]
32.4 - COMMON CLINICAL CONDITIONS IN MIDLIFE WOMEN [Seite 1637]
32.5 - SUMMARY [Seite 1641]
32.6 - PITFALLS AND CONTROVERSIES [Seite 1642]
32.7 - REFERENCES [Seite 1642]
33 - Chapter 141: Monitoring and Staging Human Sleep [Seite 1645]
33.1 - Abstract [Seite 1645]
33.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1652]
34 - Chapter 142: Monitoring Techniques for Evaluating Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing [Seite 1653]
34.1 - Abstract [Seite 1653]
34.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1666]
35 - Chapter 143: Evaluating Sleepiness [Seite 1667]
35.1 - Abstract [Seite 1667]
35.2 - REFERENCES [Seite 1673]
36 - Chapter 144: Assessment Techniques for Insomnia [Seite 1675]
36.1 - MODELS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF INSOMNIA [Seite 1675]
36.2 - ASSESSMENT METHODS OF SLEEP DISORDERS CENTERS [Seite 1677]
36.3 - SLEEP AND MEDICAL HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRES [Seite 1678]
36.4 - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRES [Seite 1678]
36.5 - INVENTORIES OF COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC AROUSAL [Seite 1679]
36.6 - ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP HYGIENE AND PREFERRED SLEEP PHASE [Seite 1680]
36.7 - SLEEP DISTURBANCE, WAKE DISTURBANCE, AND FATIGUE [Seite 1680]
36.8 - PROSPECTIVE SLEEP DIARIES [Seite 1680]
36.9 - SUMMARY [Seite 1686]
36.10 - REFERENCES [Seite 1687]
37 - Chapter 145: Neurologic Monitoring Techniques [Seite 1689]
37.1 - Abstract [Seite 1689]
37.2 - METHODOLOGY [Seite 1689]
37.3 - ARTIFACTS AND PITFALLS [Seite 1694]
37.4 - RELATIVE INDICATIONS, ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, AND LIMITATIONS [Seite 1694]
37.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 1698]
38 - Chapter 146: Chronobiologic Monitoring Techniques [Seite 1700]
38.1 - Abstract [Seite 1700]
38.2 - BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY [Seite 1700]
38.3 - METHODOLOGIC QUESTIONS IN THE FIELD OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS [Seite 1700]
38.4 - PARADIGMS [Seite 1701]
38.5 - ACTIGRAPHY [Seite 1705]
38.6 - MEASURING CIRCADIAN RHYTHM PARAMETERS IN GENE EXPRESSION [Seite 1706]
38.7 - FUTURE DIRECTIONS [Seite 1708]
38.8 - DISCUSSION [Seite 1708]
38.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1709]
39 - Chapter 147: Actigraphy [Seite 1711]
39.1 - Abstract [Seite 1711]
39.2 - HISTORY OF WRIST ACTIGRAPHY [Seite 1711]
39.3 - APPLICATIONS OF WRIST ACTIGRAPHY [Seite 1713]
39.4 - TRICKS OF THE TRADE [Seite 1715]
39.5 - EDITING ACTIGRAPHY DATA [Seite 1715]
39.6 - LIMITATIONS [Seite 1716]
39.7 - SUMMARY [Seite 1716]
39.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1717]
39.9 - REFERENCES [Seite 1717]
40 - Chapter 148: Gastrointestinal Monitoring Techniques [Seite 1719]
40.1 - Abstract [Seite 1719]
40.2 - AMBULATORY pH MONITORING [Seite 1719]
40.3 - POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC RECORDING [Seite 1721]
40.4 - CLINICAL INTERPRETATION [Seite 1722]
40.5 - REFERENCES [Seite 1723]
41 - Chapter 149: Light Therapy [Seite 1725]
41.1 - Abstract [Seite 1725]
41.2 - LIGHT DELIVERY [Seite 1725]
41.3 - CASE MANAGEMENT, TIMING, AND DOSING [Seite 1727]
41.4 - INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT [Seite 1729]
41.5 - TOWARD AN INTEGRATED CHRONOTHERAPEUTICS [Seite 1735]
41.6 - RESOURCES [Seite 1736]
41.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 1736]
41.8 - REFERENCES [Seite 1736]
42 - Index [Seite 1740]
43 - Kryger's Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine: [Seite 1768]
43.1 - Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities [Seite 1768]
43.2 - Neurologic Diseases [Seite 1768]
43.2.1 - Movement Disorders [Seite 1771]
43.2.2 - Seizure [Seite 1771]
43.3 - Artifacts in Sleep Recordings [Seite 1774]
43.4 - New Web-Only Sections [Seite 1775]
43.4.1 - Sleep Staging [Seite 1776]
43.4.2 - Rapid Review of Polysomnographs [Seite 1776]