Global Trends in Information Systems and Software Applications

Name: Global Trends in Information Systems and Software Applications | 4th International Conference, ObCom 2011, Vellore, TN, India, December 9-11, 2011, Part II. Proceedings
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4th International Conference, ObCom 2011, Vellore, TN, India, December 9-11, 2011, Part II. Proceedings

P. Venkata Krishna M. Rajasekhara Babu Ezendu Ariwa(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

Published on 1. August 2012

XXVIII, 817 pages

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Content

Title
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents - Part II
An Examination of Word Stemming in Latent Semantic Index Searches
Problem Domain
Comparision Study
Results
References
Financial Sequences and the Hidden Markov Model
Introduction
Problem Definition, Data and Method
Problem Definition
Data
Method
Results and Discussion
Future Work
References
A Dynamic Semantic Metadata Model in Cloud Computing
Introduction
Types of Metadata
Architectural Design
Creation of Metadata
Update of Metadata
Deletion of Metadata
Mathematical Model
Dynamic Metadata Modeling Algorithm
Implementation and Results
Conclusion and Future Works
References
A Novel Approach to Classify High Dimensional Datasets Using Supervised Manifold Learning
Introduction
Intrinsic Dimensionality
Dimension Reduction
Linear Technique
Non-linear Techniques
Classification
K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) Classifier
Support Vector Machines (SVM)
Experimental Result
Conclusion and Remarks
References
Term-Frequency Inverse-Document Frequency Definition Semantic (TIDS) Based Focused Web Crawler
Introduction
Related Work
Proposed Work
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Multiple 3D Chaotic Systems Based Approach for Visual Multimedia Content Protection
Introduction
Proposed Multimedia Protection Approach
Multiple 3D Chaotic Systems
Multimedia Color Image Encryption
Simulation Analysis and Results
Histogram Analysis
Correlation Analysis
Entropy Analysis
Key Space Analysis
Conclusion
References
Kannada Word Sense Disambiguation Using Association Rules
Introduction
Related Work
Linguistic Preliminaries
Kannada Language
Association Rules
Experimental Setup
Corpora
Parser
Experimentation
Methodology
Algorithm Unrestricted Kannada WSD
Implementation
Files
Implementation Modules
Evaluation
Test Document
Result
Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
K-Means Clustering of Use-Cases Using MDL
Introduction
Literature Survey
Proposed Approach
Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion
K Means Clustering
Results
References
Topological Characterization of Rough Set on Two Universal Sets and Knowledge Representation
Introduction
Rough Set Based on Two Universal Sets
Algebraic Properties of Rough Set Based on Two Universal Sets
Characterization of Rough Set Based on Two Universal Sets
Set Theoretic Operations on Types of Rough Set Based on Two Universal Sets
Table of Union
Table of Intersection
Rough Sets on Two Universal Sets and Knowledge Representation
Ambiguity Cases in Union
Ambiguity Cases in Intersection
Conclusion
References
A Novice Approach for Lossless Visible Watermarking Approach by Pioneering the Best Block (LVW-PBB)
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Finding the Best Block
Proposed Approach for Watermarking
Security Aspect
Procedure for Opaque Monochrome Watermark and Translucent Color Watermark
Approach for Opaque Monochrome Watermark
Approach for Translucent Color Watermark
Experimental Results
Comparison
Conclusion
References
Topological Properties of Incomplete Multigranulation Based on Rough Fuzzy Sets
Introduction
Definitions and Notations
Basic Rough Sets
Multigranular Rough Sets
Rough Fuzzy Sets
Multi-granular Rough Fuzzy Sets Model
MGRS in Incomplete Information Systems
MGRFS in Incomplete Information Systems
Topological Properties of MGFRS in an Incomplete Information System
Results
Table for Type of V with Respect to A+B
Table for Type of V C with Respect to A+B
Table for Type of V UW with Respect to A+B
Table for Type of V IW with Respect to A+B
Conclusions
References
Automated Heart Sound Diagnosis Using Feature Extraction Model for Bio-signals
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Improved Intelligent Dynamic Swarm PSO Algorithm and Rough Set for Feature Selection
Introduction
Literature Review
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO)
Rough Set (RS)
Improved Intelligent Dynamic Swarm Algorithm (IIDS)
Intelligent Dynamic Swarm Algorithm (IDS)
Improved Intelligent Dynamic Swarm Algorithm (IIDS)
Analysis of Improved Intelligent Dynamic Swarm Algorithm (IIDS)
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Estimating Database Size and Its Development Effort at Conceptual Design Stage
Introduction
Related Work
DBSE: The Proposed Database Size Estimation Metric Suit
Proposed Effort Estimation Model Based on DBSE Metric Suit
Experimental Result and Comparison with Related Work
Conclusion
References
No Reference Image Quality Assessment Using Block Based Features and Artificial Neural Network
Introduction
Related Work
Experimental Methodology
Feature Extraction
Results
Conclusion
References
CAC Based Data Mining Workflow to Test and Re-engineer Software Agents
Introduction
Background and Related Works
The Proposed Methodology
A Process Model for Re-engineering Based Agent Development
Conclusion and Future Work
References
An Ensembled Neural Network Classifier for Vehicle Classification Using ILD
Introduction
Technology Description
Inductive Loop Detector (ILD)
Neural Network Architecture
Recent Approaches in Vehicle Classification Using Neural Network and ILD
Vehicle Classification Algorithm for Single Loop Detector NN
Artificial Neural Network Method for Length-Based Vehicle Classification Using Single-Loop Outputs
Vehicle Classification Algorithm for Single Loop Detector with Neural Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Vehicle Classification Algorithm Based on ILD Using NN
Automatic Traffic Density Estimation and Vehicle Classification for Traffic Surveillance System Using Neural Networks
Vehicle-Classification Algorithm Based on Component Analysis for Single-Loop Inductive Detector
Comparison of Recent Vehicle Classification Algorithms Using Neural Network Algorithms with ILD
Proposed Ensembled Model for Improving Accuracy of Neural Network Classifiers Using ILD
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Climate Analysis Using Oceanic Data from Satellite Images - CAODSI
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Conclusion
References
Cloud Gaming with P2P Network Using XAML and Windows Azure
Introduction
Related Work
Cloud Gaming for Mobile and Desktop Users
Principles of Windows Azure
Windows Azure - Based Cloud Gaming Using Peer to Peer Network
Design of Cloud Gaming with Peer to Peer Network Using Windows Azure and XAML
Invoking Cloud Gaming with XAML
Security Issues
Implementation of Gaming Using WPF
Conclusion
References
Active Contour Based Color Image Segmentation
Introduction
Previous Work Done
Proposed Method
Experimental Results and Discussions
Conclusion
References
Inference of Naïve Baye's Technique on Student Assessment Data
Introduction
Background and Related Work
Bayesian Classification Techniques
Application of Bayes Classification Technique
Data Set
Data Preprocessing and Transformation
Implementation of Naïve Bayes Classifier
Conclusions
References
A Survey on Particle Swarm Optimization in Feature Selection
Introduction
Feature Selection (FS)
Filtering Methods in FS
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Standard PSO [16]
PSO Modifications
Surveys on Variations of PSO
Hybridization of PSO with SVM and Rough Set
Practical Implementations of PSO
Inferences
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Interaction Diagram Based Test Case Generation
Introduction
Methodology
Proposed System and Implementation
Case Study
Online Hotel Reservation System
Combine Test Cases from Activity and State Diagram of Hotel Reservation System
Snapshot of Tool
Conclusions
Future Work
References
Wavelet Pave the Trio Travel for a Secret Mission - A Stego Vision
Introduction
Review on Literature
Haar Integer Wavelet Transforms
Least Significant Bit Embedding
Random Embedding
Proposed Methodology
Embedding Algorithm
Extraction Algorithm
Results and Discussion
Steganalysis
Conclusion
References
Test Suite Amelioration Using Case Based Reasoning for an Agent-Based System
Introduction
Agent Oriented Software Engineering
Agent Oriented Methodologies
Literature
Testing in AOSE Methodologies
Proposed Work
E- Learning
MASE
Implementation
Testing
Conclusion and Future Works
References
Ocean Ambient Noise Classification Using Soft Techniques - OANCST
Introduction
Scope
Methods
Explanation
Testing and Efficiency of Network
Advanced Back Propagation Algorithm
Conclusion
References
Incident Management Process Capability: A Simulation Study
Introduction
Methodology
Problem Definition
Scope
Conceptual Model Design
Data Collection
Model Building
Model Execution
Validation
Simulation Results
Discussion and Conclusion
References
An Efficient Numerical Method for the Prediction of Clusters Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm with Bisection Method
Introduction
Previous Work
Proposed Work
Data Set
Bisection Method
K-Means Clustering Algorithm
Suppression Data Set
Categorical to Numerical Conversion
Performance Measure
Results
Conclusion
References
A Primitive Solution of Video Super Resolution
Introduction
Compressed Video Super Resolution
Adaptive Regularization
Interpolation
Image Deblurring and Image Denoising
The Proposed Video Super Resolution Algorithm
PDE (Partial Differential Equation) Regularization
Bicubic Interpolation
Denoising and Deblurring
Results and Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Designing of Power Optimized Bypassing Array Multiplier in Nanometer Technology
Introduction
Total Power Consumption in Digital CMOS Circuits
Multi Threshold CMOS Logic
Bypassing Technique
Leakage Current Mechanisms
Leakage Reduction Techniques
Results and Discussions
Conclusion
References
Telecine Anti - Encoder: An Anti Piracy System in Movie Theatres
Introduction
Existing Technology
Objective and Copyright
Proposed System
Video Splitter
Frame Rate Converter
Video Queuer
Movie Projector
Methodology
Workstation Specification
Conclusion
References
A Novel FPGA Based Reconfigurable Architecture for Image Color Space Conversion
Introduction
Color Space Conversion: A Review
HSV Color Space
YCbCr Color Space
Hardware Implementation
RGB-HSV Conversion Architectures
RGB-YCbCr Conversion Architectures
Experimental Results and Comparative Study
Conclusion
References
Increasing Scalability through Affinity Measure in Clustering
Introduction
Data Mining and Clustering
K-Mean Clustering
UCAM Clustering
Comparative Analyses
Conclusions
References
Efficient Use of Shares in Color Visual Cryptography
Introduction
Visual Cryptography
Proposed Scheme
Visual Cryptographic Encryption (Shares Generation)
Visual Cryptographic Decryption (Reconstruction of Original Image)
Algorithm Encryption
Algorithm Decryption
Experimental Results
Input Images
Generated Shares
Reconstructed Images
Conclusion
References
Features Based Mammogram Image Classification Using Weighted Feature Support Vector Machine
Introduction
System Design
Dataset
Preprocessing
Feature Extraction
Relevant Features and Assigning Weights
Classification
Performance Evaluation
Results and Performance Evaluation
Conclusions and Future Work
References
INZEDS: An Integrated Explosive Detection System Using Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network and Nanotechnology
Introduction
Overview of Proposed Paper
Current Systems
Summary of Limitations of Existing Systems[4]
Proposed Project
Explosive Detection Using Nano-Technology
Alert to Security Agencies Using Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network
Conclusion
References
Person Identification Using Palm Print Features with an Efficient Method of DWT
Introduction
Methodology
Discrete Wavelet Transform
Support Vector Machine
Proposed Method
Feature Extraction Stage
Classification Stage
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
PAPR Reduction Techniques for Multicarrier Systems
Introduction
OFDM system
OFDM System Architecture
PAPR of the OFDM Signal
PAPR Reduction Techniques
Digital Clipping Method
Partial Transmit Sequence Method
Simulation Results
Conclusion
References
An Impact of Personality Traits and Recollection & Retention Skill in E-Learning
Introduction
Related Works
Web User Interface Design
Cognitive Architecture
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Recollection and Retention (R&R)
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusion
References
Collaborative Approaches for Personalized Web Search Using Fuzzy Neural Networks
Introduction
Soft Computing Approaches to Personalization
Generic Workflow for Personalized Web Search Using Soft Computing Techniques
Scope for Research
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Performance Analysis of Wavelet Based Transforms in JPEG
Introduction
JPEG Architecture
8x8 FDCT and IDCT
Quantization
DC Coding and Zig-Zag Sequence
Entropy Coding
Transforms in JPEG
DCT
DWT
Combination of DCT and DWT
Experimental Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
An Catholic and Enhanced Study on Basis Path Testing to Avoid Infeasible Paths in CFG
Introduction
Motivation
Literature Survey
Basis Path Testing
Flow Graph Notation
Conclusion
References
Iris Authentication by Encoded Variant Length Iris Templates
Introduction
Related Works
Iris Recognition System
Iris Segmentation
Iris Feature Extraction
Template Encoding
Iris Code Matching
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Optimal and User Friendly Technique for Enhancing Security by Robust Password Creation Using Biometric Characteristic
Introduction
Types of Biometric System Techniques
Finger Print Recognition
Iris Recognition
Face Recognition
Process Description
Pre Processing
Feature Extraction
Generation of Database
Matching or Verification
Conclusion and Future
References
Raga Identification in CARNATIC Music Using Hidden Markov Model Technique
Introduction
Motivation
Previous Works
Raga
Problem Definition
Proposed Solution
Grouping of Ragas
Design and Implementation
Conclusion
References
Automatic Lesion Detection in Colposcopy Cervix Images Based on Statistical Features
Introduction
ROI Segmentation of Cervical Images
Specular Reflection of Cervical Images
Lesion Detection
Feature Extraction Stage
Classification Stage
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
An Efficient Algorithm for Automatic Malaria Detection in Microscopic Blood Images
Introduction
Motivations and Objectives
Literature Review
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Isolated Tamil Digit Speech Recognition Using Template-Based and HMM-Based Approaches
Introduction
Related Work
Feature Extraction
Methodology
Template-Based Approach
Time Alignment and Normalization
Template Selections and Matching
Hidden Markov Model
Development of Speech Corpus
Building Language Model and Dictionary
Building the Acoustic Model
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
An Improved Algorithm for Medical Image Compression
Introduction
Existing Method
JPEG Codec
JPEG 2000 Codec
Proposed Method
Segmentation
ROI Compression
Non ROI Compression
Fusion
Quality Measures
Results
Performance Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Malware Obfuscator for Malicious Executables
Related Work
Proposed Code Morpher
Framework for Designing Assembly Code Morpher
Junk Code Insertion
Instruction Permutation
Equivalent Instruction Replacement
Control Flow Obfuscation
Experimental Setup and Result Analysis
Conclusions
References
A Better RGB Channel Based Image Steganography Technique
Introduction
RGB Channel Based Steganography
Algorithm at Sender
Algorithm at Receiver
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
LSB Array Based Image Steganography Technique by Exploring the Four Least Significant Bits
Introduction
LSB Array Based Steganography
Algorithm at Sender
Algorithm at Receiver
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Isolated Kokborok Vowels Recognition
Introduction
Kokborok Language
Kokborok Vowels and Consonants
Data Preparation and Procedure
DC Shift Correction
Normalization
End Point Detection
LPC Feature Extraction
Weighted Euclidean Distance
Experiments and Results
References
A Spatio-Temporal Framework for Moving Object Detection in Outdoor Scene
Introduction
Overview of the Xiaofeng Method[5]
Proposed Spatio-Temporal Framework
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Two New Approaches of Independent Component Analysis
Introduction
Methods
First Method: Resample-Independent Component Analysis (RICA)
Second Method: Modified Wavelet Independent Component Analysis (MwICA) [6]
Materials
Result and Discussion
Future Development
References
GAB_CLIQDET: - A Diagnostics to Web Cancer (Web Link Spam) Based on Genetic Algorithm
Introduction
Cancer and Spam
Role of Genetic Algorithm
Cliques in Websites
Web Spam Clusters and Characteristics
Comparison of the Indegree and the Outdegree
Degree Distribution
Betweenness Centrality
Degree Correlations
Diameter and Shortest Path
Related Literatures
Extraction of Web Spam
Observations and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Grammar Checking System Using Rule Based Morphological Process for an Indian Language
Introduction
Literature Survey
Our Approach
Hindi Morphology
Conclusion
References
Object Recognition with Wavelet-Based Salient Points
Introduction
Recent Work
Outline of the Proposed Method
Salient Point Detection Algorithm
Finding Maximum Child Coefficients
Tracking Procedure
Patch Extraction
Patch Size
Feature Extraction
Experimental Results
Single Class Object Recognition
Conclusion
References
The Role of ICTs in Knowledge Management (KM) for Organizational Effectiveness
Introduction
Knowledge Hierarchy
Knowledge Management (KM)
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
Role of ICTs in Knowledge Management
ICTs, KM, Organizational Effectiveness: An Integrated Model
Conclusion and Future Research
References
JPEG Compression and Decompression for Color Images Using Lattice Based Structures
Introduction
Color Spaces and Transform
Compression History Estimation (CHEst) for Gray-Scale Images
JPEG Recompression
JPEG Recompression on Using CHEst
JPEG Recompression Using Lattice Based Chest
Conclusion
References
Detection of Car in Video Using Soft Computing Techniques
Introduction
Feature Extraction Techniques
Feature Extraction Algorithms with Different Rules
Feature Extraction Algorithm Based on K Nearest Neighbor Local Margin
Feature Extraction Using Extended Optical Flow Algorithm
A Data-Driven Intermediate Level Feature Extraction Algorithm
Nonlinear Discriminant Algorithm for Feature Extraction and Data Classification
Modified Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Difference Principal Component Analysis
A Polygonal Line Algorithm
On Image Matrix Based Feature Extraction Algorithm
Feature Extraction Algorithm Based on Local Picture Computation
Feature Extraction Algorithm Using Reference Vectors
Rotation Invariance Image Matching Method Using Harris Corner Detection
Linear Feature Extraction Technique
Nonlinear Feature Extraction Algorithm with Distance Transformation
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Methods
Conclusion
References
A Survey of Different Stages for Monitoring Traffic Rule Violation
Introduction
Vehicle Detection
Vehicle Type Detection
Vehicle Tracking
Vehicle Speed Calculation
Number Plate Localization
Conclusion
References
Common Ground Method of Current Injection in Electrical Impedance Tomography
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Current Injection Methods in EIT
Common Ground Current Injection Method
EIT Phantom
Instrumentation
Boundary Data Collection
Image Reconstruction and Image Analysis
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
OO Metric Studies of Behavioral Diagrams
Introduction
Metrics for Dynamic Diagram
State Chart Diagram
Interaction Diagram
Use-Case Diagram
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Retracted: Optimizing a Tone Curve for Backward-Compatible High Dynamic Range Image and Video Compression
Introduction
Related Work
Problem Statement and Proposed Solution
Tone-Mapping Curve
Statistical Distortion Model
Optimization Problem
Closed-Form Solution
Experimental Results and Discussion
Model Validation
Dependence of the Tone Curves on QP
Further Analysis of the Closed-Form Solution
Conclusion
References
Short - Text Mining Approach for Medical Domain
Introduction
Literature Survey
Method and Dataset
Proposed Model
Conclusion
References
Multilevel Security in Cloud Computing Environment Using Graceful Codes
Introduction
Proposed Method
Architecture
Implementation
Result
Conclusions
References
Let's Play with Images and Private Data Using Stick of Randomness
Introduction
Parameters
Imperceptibility: (Security or Transparency)
Capacity
Stoutness
Random Channel Reflector Method
Algo for Hiding the Secret Data
Algo for Extracting the Secret Data
Application Example of the Method
Comparisons and Results
Capacity
Imperceptibility
Stoutness
Conclusion
References
EJS Algorithm for Job Scheduling in Grid Environment
Introduction
Literature Survey
Basic Grid Model
Task Scheduling
Existing Approaches towards Scheduling
HRN Algorithm [11]
ORC Algorithm [11]
Grouping-Based Fine-Grained Job Scheduling in Grid Computing (GFJS)
Job Schedule Model Based Algorithm (JSMB)[11]
Proposed System
Terminology
Cluster Grouping
EJS Model
Fault Handling
Rate Control by EJS
Node Reliability and Overall Grid Usage
EJS Algorithm
Results and Analysis
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Clustering of Concept-Drift Categorical Data Implementation in JAVA
Introduction
Relevant Research
Partitioning Methods
Hierarchical Methods
Drifting Concept Detection (DCD)
Node Representation
Value of Threshold
Our Method
Implementation
Outlier Detection
Cluster Distribution Comparison
Methods for an Implementation of Concept-Drift
Experimental Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Weighted Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for Optimizing Association Rules
Introduction
Related Works
Familiarization of Concepts
Utility Based Temporal Miner
Particle Swarm Optimization
Architecture of the Proposed System
Proposed Approach : Weighted PSO Approach
Rule Generation (I Phase)
Optimization (II Phase)
Results
Performance Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Enhancement of Infrared Images Using Triangular Fuzzy Membership Function and Truncated Interval Thresholding
Introduction
Literature Review
Fuzzy Sets in Image Processing
Proposed Methodology
Experimental Results and Analysis
Experimental Setup
Experimental Description
Results
Subjective Comparison
Quantitative Comparison
Conclusion
References
Seizure Detection Using Parameter Estimation and Morlet Wavelet Transform
Introduction
Parameter Estimation
EEG Analysis Using Morlet Wavelet Transform
Conclusions
References
Evaluation of Classifier Models Using Stratified Tenfold Cross Validation Techniques
Introduction
Methodologies
Rough Sets
Fuzzy Sets
Fuzzy Rough Sets
Evaluation
Significance Tests
Confidence Interval
Model Comparison
Procedure for Model Comparison
Model Selection
Model Deduction
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Hybrid Approach for Construction of Summaries and Clusters of Blog Data for Improved Blog Search Results
Introduction
Related Work
Proposed Framework
Blog Parser
Blog Miner
Summarizer
Clustering
Experimental Results
Evaluation of the Summaries
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11e Based Wireless LAN in Multi Service Environments
Introduction
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
IEEE 802.11e MAC QOS Enhancement
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)
Network Model
Results
References
Performance Analysis of Routing Metrics for MultiRadio MultiChannel WMN
Introduction
Metric Components
Routing Metrics
Hop Count
ETX
ETT
WCETT
Simulation Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
An Innovative Hybrid Hierarchical Model for Automatic Image Annotation
Introduction
Related Work
Data Set Description
Methodology
Feature Extraction
Annotation
Evaluation and Discussion
Evaluation of Annotation
Query Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
An Adaptive Subspace Clustering Dimension Reduction Framework for Time Series Indexing in Knime Workflows
Introduction
Related Work
Subspace Clustering
Tree Construction
Static Construction
Dynamic Construction
Query Processing
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Reliable Requirement Specification: Defect Analysis Perspective
Introduction
Accessible Exertion
Proposed Approach
Objective of Requirement Approach
Requirement Classification
Defect Detection
Defect Severity and Prioritization
Defect Mitigation
Requirement Classification
Reliable Requirement
Review
Document Classification
Article Allotment
Comparative Scrutiny
Content Discussion
Final Reliable Requirement Specification
Conclusion
References
Comparative Analysis of IR Based Web Service Similarity Measures Using Vector Space Model
Introduction
Web Service Model
The Structure of Web Services
Approaches to Web Service Discovery
Implementation
Results
Conclusions
References
Comparative Study of Bit Loading Algorithms for OFDM Based Systems
Introduction
Multipath Channel Model
Bit Loading
Different Types of Algorithms
Bit Loading Algorithm
Fast Bit Loading Algorithm
Simple Bit Loading Algorithm
Simulation and Results
Conclusion
References
Comparison of PAPR of OFDM Systems Using CDF Plots for QAM and QPSK
Introduction
Fourier Analysis of QAM
Quantized QAM Representation
Transmitter Structure
Receiver Structure
Quantized QAM Performance
Introduction of OFDM
Orthogonality
Introduction to OFDM Structures
Transmitter and Receiver Structures
Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)
Maximum Expected PAPR from an OFDM Waveform
PAPR Reduction Techniques
Results
Simulation-1
Simulation-2
Simulation-3
Simulation-4
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
Green Technology and Assessment of the Environment and Challenges Faced by Regulatory Authorities in Uganda: A Case of the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA)
Introduction
The Power Sector in Uganda
Regulatory Theory
Method
Preliminary Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Spectral Expansion Method for QBD and QBD-M Processes in Performance Modeling of Computing and Communication Systems: A Review
Introduction
TheQBDProcessX
Solution for Steady State Probabilities
SpectralAnalysis
TheDualProcessX
Multi-step Jumps in J: The QBD-M Process
Further Advances and Conclusions
References
Erratum
Eratum: Optimizing a Tone Curvefor Backward-Compatible High DynamicRange Image and Video Compression

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Global Trends in Information Systems and Software Applications

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