Form and Function of Mammalian Lung: Analysis by Scientific Computing
Published on 7. March 2013
IX, 108 pages
978-3-642-72220-2 (ISBN)
Description
1.1 Overview The precise knowledge of the three-dimensional (3-D) assembly of biological structures is still in its origin. As an example, a widely accepted concept and common belief of the structure of the airway network oflung is that of a regular, dichotomous branching pattern, also known as the trumpet model. This model, first introduced by Weibel in 1963, is often used in clinical and physiological applications. However, if this concept of dichotomy is used to model lung, a shape is obtained that is quite different from a real lung. As a matter of fact, many previous quantitative morphological and stereological investigations of lung did not concentrate on the spatial aspect of lung morphology but delivered data in a more statistical fashion. Accordingly, the functional behavior predicted by such a model becomes questionable and indeed, the morphometrically predicted lung capacity exceeds the physiological required capacity by a factor of 1.3 up to a factor of2. This problem has also been termed a paradox, as discussed by Weibel in 1983. In the rare cases where descriptive models of the mammalian bronchial tree exist, monopodial in small mammals, dichotomous in larger ones, the understanding of the historical and/or functional reasons for size-related changes in the general design is not explainable. This investigation is trying to overcome this gap by computer modeling and functional simulation.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
Berlin
Germany
Publishing group
Springer Berlin
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Product notice
Reflowable
Illustrations
IX, 108 p. 25 illus., 4 illus. in color.
File size
15,62 MB
ISBN-13
978-3-642-72220-2 (9783642722202)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-72220-2
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Book
10/1998
1st Edition
Springer
€106.99
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Content
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Overview.- 1.2 Goals.- 1.3 Scientific Image Computing.- 2 Confocal Imaging of an Acinus.- 2.1 The Imaging Problem in Lung Research.- 2.2 Material and Instrumentation.- 2.3 Prescanning and Definition of a Region of Interest.- 2.4 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.- 2.5 A Framework for Scanning Large Volumes in Confocal 3-D Imaging.- 2.6 A 3-D Data Volume Representing a Complete Acinus.- 3 3-D Analysis of a Complete, Highly Resolved Respiratory Unit.- 3.1 Basics of 3-D Analysis.- 3.2 Image Preprocessing.- 3.3 Segmentation and Labeling.- 3.4 An Automated Segmentation Procedure.- 3.5 Quantification of Structural Components.- 3.6 3-D Topology as an Analytical Tool.- 4 3-D Visualization of Microscopic Volumes of Lung.- 4.1 Basics of 3-D Visualization.- 4.2 Types of Volume Rendering.- 4.3 Voxel Attributes and Object Order Rendering.- 4.4 3-D Imaging Meets 3-D Graphics.- 4.5 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality.- 5 Discussion of 3-D Analysis at Respiratory Units.- 6 Analysis of the Conductive Part of Lung.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Stereoscopic Tracings of Casts.- 6.3 Analysis of Traced Data.- 7 A Computer Lung Modeler.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 A Self-Similar, Asymmetric Model of a Lung Lobe.- 7.3 Scaling and Strahler-Ordering Scheme.- 7.4 Transition in the Bifurcation Pattern.- 7.5 Completing a Graphical Lung Model with Limited Stochastics.- 8 Computational Physics Applied to a Bronchial Tree Model.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Scaling of the Computer Lung Model.- 8.3 Dynamics with Breathing.- 8.4 Convection.- 8.5 Resistance and Reynolds Number.- 8.6 Diffusion.- 8.7 Mass Transport Equations.- 8.8 Implementation and Run-Times.- 9 Model Predictions.- 9.1 Convection and Reynolds Numbers.- 9.2 Oxygen and Ozone Mass Transport.- 10 Discussion of Structural Modeling and Functional Simulation.- 10.1 Summary of Morphological Modeling.- 10.2 How Could the Structure of the Bronchial Tree Be Explained?.- 10.3 Functional Predictions.- 10.4 Outlook.- 11 Summary.- References.
