
Handbook of Laboratory Distillation
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Content
- Front Cover
- Hand book of Laboratory Distillation
- Contents
- List of symbols
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- Chapter 2. A review of the history of laboratory distillation
- Chapter 3. Standardization and data on concentrations
- 3.1 Standardization of distillation appartus
- 3.2 Definition of concepts
- 3.3 Symbols and units
- 3.4 Definitions and conversion of concentrations
- Chapter 4. Physical fundamentals of the separation process
- 4.1 Principles of simple and countercurrent distillation
- 4.2 Fluid and interface dynamics
- 4.3 Miscibility of the components
- 4.4 Vapour pressure-temperature relationship. p - t
- 4.5 Equation of state and px-diagrams
- 4.6 Boiling point diagram, epsilon- x, equilibrium curve. y* - x
- 4.7 Number of theoretical plates (separating stages)
- 4.8 Theory of packed columns
- 4.9 Determination of the number of plates and transfer units in the batch and continuous separation of multicomponent mixtures
- 4.10 Testing plate columns and packed columns
- 4.11 Pressure drop, limiting velocity and calculation of column dimensions
- 4.12 Heat calculations
- 4.13 Distillate properties and distillation diagrams
- 4.14 Instructions for the calculation of distillation conditions
- 4.15 Distillation calculations by computer
- Chapter 5. Separating processes
- 5.1 The scale of operation
- 5.2 Methods of operation
- 5.3 Temperature
- 5.4 Distillation pressure
- Chapter 6. Selective separating processes
- 6.1 Carrier vapour distillation
- 6.2 Azeotropic and extractive distillation
- 6.3 Solution distillation and special methods
- Chapter 7. Constructional materials and apparatus
- 7.1 Constructional materials for distillation apparatus
- 7.2 Standard apparatus and unit parts
- 7.3 Columns
- 7.4 Condensers and dephlegmators
- 7.5 Adapters
- still and column heads
- 7.6 Still pots, receivers and fraction collectors
- 7.7 Insulation and heating devices
- 7.8 Packings
- Chapter 8. Automatic devices, measuring and control equipment
- 8.1 Automatic equipment
- 8.2 Temperature measurement and control
- 8.3 Pressure measurement and control
- 8.4 Reflux and rate of evaporation
- 8.5 Measurement of physical data during distillation
- 8.6 Measurement and metering of gases and liquids
- Chapter 9. Arrangement of a distillation laboratory, starting up dietillation apparatus
- 9.1 Lay-out
- 9.2 Frameworks and services
- 9.3 Building up the apparatus
- 9.4 Sealing ground joints
- 9.5 Starting up distillation apparatus
- 9.6 Safety measures
- References
- Subject index
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