
Smart Grid as an Application Development Platform
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Content
- The Smart Grid as an ApplicationDevelopment Platform
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Smart Grid Business Model
- 1.1 Summary
- 1.2 Vision
- 1.3 Problem
- 1.4 Solution
- 1.5 Growth Strategy
- 1.6 Business Model
- 1.7 Risks
- References
- 2 The Power Grid at a Glance
- 2.1 Summary
- 2.2 Useful Data
- 2.2.1 Power and Energy
- 2.2.2 Capacity, Generation, Consumption, and Demand
- 2.2.3 Alternating Current, Direct Current, Active Power, and Reactive Power
- 2.2.4 Example from Smart Meter Data
- 2.3 Grid Architecture
- 2.3.1 Organization, Players, and Regions
- 2.3.2 Production
- 2.3.3 Transmission
- 2.3.4 Distribution
- 2.4 Drawbacks of Current Network Design
- 2.4.1 Waste of Resources and Pollution
- 2.4.2 Adaptation to Time-Variable Production and Consumption
- 2.4.3 Passive Nature of the End Consumer
- 2.4.4 Business Models
- 2.4.5 Security/Outages
- 2.5 Energy Markets
- 2.5.1 Wholesale Market
- 2.5.2 Retail Market
- 2.5.3 Analyzing the Bill
- 2.6 Understanding the Consumer
- 2.6.1 Appliances Footprint
- 2.6.2 Electricity Usage Analysis
- 2.6.3 Archetypes of Consumers
- 2.7 Lessons Learned from the Telecommunications Industry
- References
- 3 Smart Grid Elements
- 3.1 Summary
- 3.2 The System of Systems
- 3.2.1 Evolution of the Grid
- 3.2.2 Architecture and Standards
- 3.2.3 Interoperability and Protocols
- 3.3 Business of Businesses
- 3.3.1 Utility of the Future
- 3.3.2 New Business Models and Players
- 3.3.3 Business-to-Consumer Providers
- 3.3.4 Utility Customer Beyond 2020
- 3.3.5 The Social Smart Grid
- 3.3.6 Start-Up Ecosystem
- 3.4 The ICT Layer
- 3.4.1 Smart Metering
- 3.4.2 Networking
- 3.4.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure
- 3.4.4 Meter Data Management Systems
- 3.4.5 Example of In-Home Smart Metering
- 3.5 Evolution of Prosumers
- 3.5.1 The Path to Off-Grid
- 3.5.2 Connected Homes
- 3.5.3 Standards
- 3.6 Microgrids
- 3.6.1 Architecture
- 3.6.2 Types of Microgrids
- 3.7 Virtual Power Plants
- 3.7.1 Architecture
- 3.7.2 Emerging Trends
- 3.8 Electric Vehicles
- 3.8.1 Electric Vehicle Types and Charging Technologies
- 3.8.2 Effect on Consumption Patterns
- 3.8.3 V2G Concept
- 3.9 Smart Grid Pricing
- 3.9.1 Pricing Models
- 3.9.2 Net Metering
- 3.9.3 Renewable Energy Credits and Peak Load Credits
- References
- 4 The Cloud Environment of Application Providers
- 4.1 Summary
- 4.2 Overview of Services
- 4.3 Introduction to Cloud Computing
- 4.3.1 Web Services and APIs
- 4.3.2 Reserving Resources in the Cloud
- 4.3.3 Example of Web Services for Home Automation
- 4.4 Product Development in the Cloud
- 4.4.1 Defining the Pricing Model of SaaS Service
- 4.4.2 Web App or Mobile App?
- 4.4.3 Security and Privacy
- 4.4.4 Steps for Accessing Open APIs with Product Innovators
- 4.4.5 White Labeling
- 4.5 Open Data and APIs
- 4.5.1 Energy Information Administration
- 4.5.2 Green Button
- 4.5.3 Orange Button
- 4.5.4 PVWatts API
- 4.5.5 Microinverter APIs
- 4.5.6 Smart Thermostat and Connected Home Device APIs
- 4.5.7 Energy Usage Datasets
- 4.5.8 MultiSpeak
- 4.6 Open ADR
- 4.6.1 Key Actors and Services
- 4.6.2 Demand Response Event
- 4.6.3 Communication Architecture
- 4.6.4 Rush Hour Example
- 4.7 Conclusions and Concerns
- References
- 5 User-Centric Applications
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Data Processing Overview
- 5.3 Energy Analytics
- 5.3.1 Hourly and Daily Energy Analytics
- 5.3.2 Bill Forecasting
- 5.4 Load Disaggregation
- 5.4.1 Hidden Information in Appliance Footprints
- 5.4.2 Signal Processing on Smart Meter Data
- 5.4.3 Event Detection by Extracting Power Pulses from Smart Meter Data
- 5.4.4 Clustering
- 5.4.5 Pulse to Appliance Association
- 5.4.6 NIALM Results and Business Intelligence
- 5.5 Direct Load Control
- 5.5.1 Modeling User Comfort
- 5.5.2 Command Flow for DLC Demand Response
- 5.5.3 Fairness Issues Related to DR Commands
- 5.5.4 Simplified DLC Pseudocode
- 5.6 Load Scheduling
- 5.6.1 Elastic Demand and Consumer Behavior
- 5.6.2 Objective of LS: Example of the EV Charging Garage
- 5.6.3 Types of LS Implementation
- 5.6.4 Simplified LS Pseudocode
- 5.7 Gamification Demand Response
- 5.7.1 Participatory Games
- 5.7.2 Rewards and Social Recognition
- 5.7.3 Objectives of Gamification
- 5.7.4 Simplified DR Gamification Pseudocode
- 5.8 Example: A Day of Smart Living in 2017
- 5.8.1 Energy Usage Analysis
- 5.8.2 Active Utility Customer
- 5.8.3 Home Automation
- References
- 6 Transactive Energy Economy
- 6.1 Summary
- 6.2 Energy in the Sharing Economy
- 6.2.1 Evolution of Smart Cities: From Centralized to Distributed Architectures
- 6.2.2 The Concept of Energy Giving
- 6.2.3 Value Proposition and Business Impact
- 6.3 The Transactive Grid
- 6.3.1 Foundations of Transactive Energy
- 6.3.2 Examples at the Retail and Distribution Levels
- 6.3.3 Modes of Operation and New Entities
- 6.3.4 Analysis of Transactions
- 6.3.5 End-User Transactive Energy Implementation
- 6.4 Cryptocurrencies: Their Role in the Energy Sector
- 6.4.1 The Blockchain
- 6.4.2 Bitcoin
- 6.4.3 Smart Contracts and Ethereum
- 6.4.4 The Concept of an Energy Coin
- 6.5 Evolution of Collaborative Prosumers
- 6.5.1 System Model
- 6.5.2 Coalition Games and the Shapley Value
- 6.5.3 Various Pricing Schemes
- 6.6 Implementation Challenges
- 6.7 Conclusion
- References
- 7 Summary and Conclusions
- About the Author
- Index
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