Radiation in the Atmosphere
Published on 1. January 1969
911 pages
978-0-08-095447-9 (ISBN)
Description
Radiation in the Atmosphere
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K.IA. Kondrat'ev
Radiation in the Atmosphere
Book
01/1969
Academic Press
€125.87
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Content
- Front Cover
- Radiation in the Atmosphere
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Editor's Preface
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Radiant Energy. The Main Concepts and Definitions
- 1.1. The Sun as the Source of Radiation. The Concept of Stellar Temperatures
- 1.2. General Information on Radiant Fluxes in the Atmosphere
- 1.3. Main Quantitative Characteristics of a Radiation Field
- 1.4. Fundamental Laws of Thermal Radiation
- 1.5. Thermal Emission of Real Bodies
- 1.6. The Equation of Radiative Transfer for a Stationary Radiation Field
- References
- Chapter 2. Methods of Actinometric Measurements
- 2.1. General Characteristic of the Methods for Measurement of Radiant Energy
- 2.2. Instruments for Measuring Direct Solar Radiation
- 2.3. Instruments for Measuring Global and Diffuse Radiation and Albedo
- 2.4. Instruments for Measuring Brightness and Illumination
- 2.5. Instruments for Measuring Radiation Balance and Effective Radiation
- 2.6. Main Types of Instruments for Spectral Measurements
- 2.7. Instruments for Measuring Atmospheric Thermal Emission
- 2.8. Instruments for Measuring Shortwave Radiation Fluxes
- References
- Chapter 3. Radiation Absorption in the Atmosphere
- 3.1. General Principles of Selective Radiation Absorption
- 3.2. The Absorption Spectrum of Water and Water Vapor
- 3.3. The Absorption Spectrum of CO2
- 3.4. The Absorption Spectra of Ozone and Oxygen
- 3.5. General Characteristic of Minor Radiation-Absorbing Components of the Atmosphere
- 3.6. The Integral Transmission Function of the Atmosphere for Thermal Radiation
- 3.7. Absorption Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere as a Method for Investigation of the Atmospheric Composition
- References
- Chapter 4. Scattering of Radiation in the Atmosphere
- 4.1. The Solar Ray Path in the Atmosphere
- 4.2. Scattering of Radiation (General Considerations)
- 4.3. Rayleigh Scattering
- 4.4. Scattering of Radiation on Large Particles
- 4.5. Computation of the Attenuation in the Atmosphere due to Scattering
- 4.6. Elementary Theory of Radiative Transfer, Including Multiple Scattering
- 4.7. Radiation Scattering and the Structure of Atmospheric Aerosol
- References
- Chapter 5. Direct Solar Radiation
- 5.1. Distribution of Energy in the Solar Spectrum at the Earth's Surface Level
- 5.2. Spectral Atmospheric Transparency
- 5.3. Energy Distribution in the Solar Spectrum outside the Atmosphere
- 5.4. The Solar Constant
- 5.5. Total Attenuation of Solar Radiation in an Ideal Atmosphere
- 5.6. Quantitative Characteristics of the Real Atmospheric Transparency
- 5.7. Some Data of Observations on the Variation of the Atmospheric Transparency State
- 5.8. Attenuation of Solar Radiation by Clouds
- 5.9. Theoretical Calculations of Irradiation of the Earth's Surface by the Sun
- 5.10. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Fluxes and Totals of Solar Radiation
- 5.11. Income of Solar Radiation on Slant Surfaces
- References
- Chapter 6. Diffuse Radiation of the Atmosphere
- 6.1. Energy Distribution in the Spectrum of Diffuse Radiation
- 6.2. Angular Distribution of Diffuse Radiation Intensity
- 6.3. Fluxes of Diffuse Radiation
- 6.4. The Main Observed Regularities of the Variability of Diffuse Radiation Totals
- References
- Chapter 7. Albedo of the Underlying Surface and Clouds
- 7.1. Spectral Albedo of Natural Underlying Surfaces
- 7.2. Albedo of Various Continental Underlying Surfaces
- 7.3. Albedo of Water Basins
- 7.4. Albedo of Clouds
- 7.5. Geographical Distribution of Albedo
- References
- Chapter 8. Global Radiation
- 8.1. Energy Distribution in the Spectrum of Global Radiation
- 8.2. Fluxes of Global Radiation
- 8.3. The Main Observed Regularities in the Variability of Global Radiation Totals
- 8.4. Incoming Shortwave Radiation on Oriented Slant Surfaces
- 8.5. Income of Global Radiation Under Vegetative Covers
- 8.6. Penetration of Radiant Energy into Water, Ice, and Snow
- 8.7. Illumination
- References
- Chapter 9. Thermal Radiation of the Atmosphere
- 9.1. The Phenomenological Theory of the Transfer of Thermal Radiation in the Atmosphere
- 9.2. Approximate Transfer Equations and Their Use for Calculating Thermal Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere
- 9.3. Radiation Charts
- 9.4. Radiative Heat Transfer in Clouds
- 9.5. Effective Radiation of the Underlying Surface and the Downward Atmospheric Radiation
- 9.6. Angular Distribution of Intensity of Effective Radiation and Atmospheric Emission over the Celestial Sphere
- 9.7. Some Practical Applications of Data on the Angular Distribution of the Intensities of Effective Radiation and Atmospheric Emission
- 9.8. Distribution of Energy in the Spectrum of Effective Radiation and Downward Atmospheric Radiation
- 9.9. Emission Spectroscopy as a Means of Investigating the Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
- References
- Chapter 10. Net Radiation
- 10.1. Observed Regularities in Variation of Net Radiation of the Underlying Surface
- 10.2. Results of Calculations of Net Radiation at the Underlying Surface
- 10.3. The Net Radiation of Slopes
- 10.4. Net Radiation and Its Components in a Free Atmosphere
- 10.5. Climatology of Net Radiation of the Earth
- 10.6. Investigations of the Earth's Net Radiation by Means of Satellites
- 10.7. Statistical Features of the Net Radiation of the Earth-Atmosphere System
- References
- Chapter 11. Temperature Variation in the Atmosphere Due to Radiative Heat Exchange
- 11.1. Equation for the Heat Inflow
- 11.2. Methods for Calculating Radiative Heat Inflow
- 11.3. Results of Calculations of Radiative Flux Divergence
- 11.4. Radiation Factors in the Thermal Regime of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
- 11.5. Relation between Radiative and Turbulent Heat Exchange in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere
- References
- Additional Bibliography
- Appendixes
- Author Index
- Subject Index
