
Middleware 2011
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Content
- Intro
- Title
- Preface
- Organization
- Table of Contents
- Invited Paper
- Democratizing Transactional Programming
- A Brief History of Transaction
- The Inherent Appeal of Transactions
- Preserving Sequentiality
- Enabling Composition
- The Inherent Limitations of Transactions
- Lacking Expressiveness
- Impact on Concurrency
- Impact on Performance
- Democratizing Transactions: The Challenge
- Expressiveness and Simplicity
- Sequentiality and Composition
- Impact on Performance
- Mixing Several Semantics
- Combining Classic, Snapshot and Elastic Transactions
- Impact on Performance
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Social Networks
- Scaling Microblogging Services with Divergent Traffic Demands
- Introduction
- Background and Related Work
- Measuring Availability at High Load
- Design
- System Architecture
- Social Relations
- Unicast Delivery for the Social Network
- Gossip Dissemination for the Media Network
- Support for Client Heterogeneity
- Message Loss Detection and Security Issues
- Experimental Evaluation
- Experiment Settings
- Server Cloud Performance
- Cuckoo Peer Performance
- Conclusion
- References
- Contrail: Enabling Decentralized Social Networks on Smartphones
- Introduction
- Problem Statement
- Design of Contrail
- Sender-Side Filters
- Cloud Relays
- Reliability and Security in Contrail
- The Contrail System
- Contrail on the Phone
- Contrail in the Cloud
- Applications
- The Location Notification Application
- Potential Contrail Applications
- Evaluation
- End-to-End Latency
- Contrail Scalability
- Contrail Throughput
- Energy Consumption and Filtering
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Confidant: Protecting OSN Data without Locking It Up
- Introduction
- Overview
- Architecture
- Trust and Threat Model
- Design
- Cryptographic State
- Objects and Access Policies
- Name Servers
- Storage Servers
- Implementation
- Client
- Name Server
- Storage Server
- Applications
- Untrusted Storage Server
- Evaluation
- Application Performance
- Availability
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Storage and Performance Management
- Live Deduplication Storage of Virtual Machine Images in an Open-Source Cloud
- Introduction
- LiveDFS Design
- Primitives
- Deduplication Design
- Prefetching of Fingerprint Store
- Journaling
- LiveDFS Implementation and Deployment
- Experiments
- I/O Throughput
- OpenStack Deployment
- Related Work
- Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Scalable Load Balancing in Cluster Storage Systems
- Introduction
- Preliminaries
- Algorithms for Load Balancing
- Exact Solution: ILP Formulation
- Approximation
- Implementation of Ursa on Windows Azure
- Experiments
- Evaluation on Simulator
- Evaluation on Windows Azure
- Related Work
- Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Predico: A System for What-if Analysis in Complex Data Center Applications
- Introduction
- Background and Problem Formulation
- Modeling a Data Center Application
- Queuing Theoretic Node-Level Models
- Workload Models
- Model Composition: From Node-Level to System-Level Models
- Answering What-if Queries
- On-the-Fly Model Construction Using the Influence Graph
- Query Execution Using Change Propagation
- Predico Implementation
- Posing What-if Queries in Predico
- Prototype Implementation
- Experimental Evaluation
- Experimental Setup
- Accuracy of Node-Level Resource Usage and Latency Models
- Accuracy of Node-Level Workload Models
- Accuracy of System-Level Models with Increasing Composition Depth
- Accuracy of System-Level Models with Varying Topology
- Workload-Only What-If Analysis Case Study
- Related Work
- Conclusions
- References
- Green Computing and Resource Management
- GreenWare: Greening Cloud-Scale Data Centers to Maximize the Use of Renewable Energy
- Introduction
- GreenWare Architecture
- Design Methodology of GreenWare
- Problem Formulation
- Response Time and Power Models
- Wind Power Model
- Solar Power Model
- Problem Solution
- Simulation Setup
- Datacenter Parameters
- Renewable Energy Availability
- Real-World Workload Traces
- Electricity Price Traces
- Evaluation Results
- Baselines
- Impacts of the Monthly Cost Budget
- Comparison with Baselines
- Impacts of Pricing Policies of Renewable Energy
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Resource Provisioning Framework for MapReduce Jobs with Performance Goals
- Introduction
- MapReduce Background
- Profiling MapReduce Jobs
- Job Execution as a Function of Allocated Resources
- Job Performance Invariants as a Job Profile
- MapReduce Performance Model
- General Theoretical Bounds
- Bounds-Based Completion Time Estimates of a MapReduce Job
- Scaling Factors
- Impact of Failures on the Completion Time Bounds
- SLO-Based Resource Provisioning
- Evaluation
- Performance Invariants
- Scaling Factors
- Performance Bounds of Job Completion Times
- SLO-Based Resource Provisioning
- Prediction of Job Completion Time with Failures
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Resource-Aware Adaptive Scheduling for MapReduce Clusters
- Introduction
- MapReduce and Hadoop
- Resource-Aware Adaptive Scheduler
- Problem Statement
- Architecture
- Performance Model
- Placement Algorithm and Optimization Objective
- Task Scheduler
- Job Profiles
- Evaluation
- Experimental Environment and Workload
- Experiment 1: Execution with Relaxed Completion Time Goals
- Experiment 2: Execution with Tight Completion Time Goals
- Related Work
- Conclusions
- References
- Notification and Streaming
- A Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Matching Algorithm for 2D Spatial Objects
- Introduction
- Background
- Spatial Concepts and Spatial Modeling
- The Siena Fast Forwarding Algorithm
- Spatial Model
- A New 4-Intersection Model
- Algorithm
- Boundary Discretization
- Complexity
- Indexing and Simplification
- Spatial Index
- Simplification
- Evaluation
- Worst-Case Performance and Scalability
- Accuracy and Performance in Realistic Configurations
- Conclusions
- References
- FAIDECS: Fair Decentralized Event Correlation
- Introduction
- Events: composition and correlation.
- Challenges for event correlation middleware.
- Contributions.
- Related Work
- Preliminaries
- FAIDECS Model
- Predicate Grammar
- Predicate Types and Evaluation
- Properties
- Total Order
- Algorithms
- Total Order Broadcast Black Box
- FAIDECS Decentralized Ordered Merging
- Evaluation
- Metrics and Experimental Setup
- Conjunctions
- Disjunctions
- Conclusions
- References
- AmbiStream: A Middleware for Multimedia Streaming on Heterogeneous Mobile Devices
- Introduction
- Related Work
- Challenges for Mobile Interoperable Media Streaming
- The Streaming Process
- Streaming Protocol Heterogeneity
- Media Container Adaptation
- AmbiStream Architecture
- Streaming Protocol Translation
- Media Container Format Adaptation
- Experimental Results
- Collecting Mobile Device Performance Data
- Translating to RTSP between Android Smartphones
- Translating to HLS between Android and iOS Smartphones
- Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- Virtualizing Stream Processing
- Introduction
- Exoengine Architecture
- Layers
- Data Processing Model
- Implementation Model
- Component Life Cycle Management
- Stream Processing with the Exoengine Platform
- Porting Existing Stream Processing Engines
- Extensibility
- Platform Implementation
- Component Implementation
- Application Builders
- Distributed Operation
- Prototype
- Evaluation
- The Linear Road Benchmark
- Experiment Setup
- Porting MXQuery and Linear Road
- Overhead of the Exoengine Architecture
- Replacing an Slet at Runtime
- Distributed Deployment
- Developing with the Exoengine
- Heterogeneity
- Related Work
- Discussion and Outlook
- References
- Replication and Caching
- Leader Election for Replicated Services Using Application Scores
- Introduction
- Application Scores
- Background: Replicated Coordination Services
- Request Latency
- Recovery Time
- The POLE Algorithm
- Failure Detection
- Leader Selection Algorithm
- Oracles
- Experimental Evaluation
- Experimental Setup and Methodology
- Request Latency and Random Request Distributions
- Request Latency and Uneven Request Distributions
- Recovery Time
- Extensions
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- PolyCert: Polymorphic Self-optimizing Replication for In-Memory Transactional Grids
- Introduction
- Motivations
- System Architecture
- The PolyCert Replication Protocol
- Replication Protocol Selection Oracle
- Experimental Evaluation
- Related Work
- Conclusions
- References
- A Trigger-Based Middleware Cache for ORMs
- Introduction
- Background and Related Work
- Design
- Caching Abstractions
- Database Triggers
- Consistency Guarantees
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Experimental Setup
- Programmer Effort
- Microbenchmarks
- Social Networking Workload
- Conclusion
- References
- Security and Interoperability
- Deploy, Adjust and Readjust: Supporting Dynamic Reconfiguration of Policy Enforcement
- Introduction
- Background and Example
- The Reference Enforcement Model
- Illustrative Example
- Attribute Configuration
- Attribute Retrieval
- Attribute Caching
- Attribute Correlation
- Approach and Proposed Architecture
- Annotating XACML Policies
- Satisfying Configuration Constraints
- (Re)Wiring
- Configuration Prototype
- Constraint Solving with a SAT Solver
- Constraint Solving without a SAT Solver
- Evaluation and Discussion
- Related Work
- Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- A Middleware Layer for Flexible and Cost-Efficient Multi-tenant Applications
- Introduction
- Problem Elaboration and Motivation
- Multi-tenancy Architectural Strategies
- Motivating Example
- Requirements Derived from a Customization Scenario
- Middleware Support for Tenant-Specific Customization
- Tenant-Aware Component Model
- Architecture of the Multi-tenancy Support Layer
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Methodology
- Cost Model
- Measurements
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Bridging the Interoperability Gap: Overcoming Combined Application and Middleware Heterogeneity
- Introduction
- Motivation: Flickr and Picasa Case Study
- Observing Application and Middleware Heterogeneity
- Interoperability Requirements
- Models
- APIs Usage Protocol
- API Usage Protocol Mismatches
- k-Colored Automata: Intertwining API Usage Protocol
- Applying the Starlink Framework
- Starlink Models
- The Starlink Framework: Dynamically Interpreting Middleware Models
- Generating and Executing Application-Middleware Automata
- Generating and Executing the Intertwining API Usage Protocol Automata
- Evaluation
- Flickr-Picasa Case-Study
- Analysis
- Related Work
- Conclusions
- References
- Run-Time (Re)configuration and Inspection
- The Role of Ontologies in Emergent Middleware: Supporting Interoperability in Complex Distributed Systems
- Introduction
- The Interoperability Problem Space: Challenges and Responses
- Response from the Middleware Community
- Response from the Semantic Web Community
- Summary
- The Solution Space
- Architecture of Emergent Middleware
- Ontology-Based Networked System Model
- Enablers for Emergent Middleware
- Experiments
- Reasoning about Interoperability at Application and Middleware Layers
- Reasoning about Interoperability at the Network Layer
- Overall Reflections
- References
- Co-managing Software and Hardware Modules through the Juggle Middleware
- Introduction
- Background
- Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
- Reconfiguration
- OSGi
- Management and Substitution of Modules
- Hardware-Accelerated Services
- The FPGA Bundle Extender
- Juggling Software and Hardware-Accelerated Services
- Reprogramming the FPGA
- Juggle Prototype System
- Evaluation
- DES and Triple-DES as Hardware-Accelerated Services
- Acceleration through Juggle
- Power Consumption
- Related Work
- Summary and Discussion
- References
- A Generic Solution for Agile Run-Time Inspection Middleware
- Introduction
- Problem Illustration
- Requirements and Approach
- Detailed Solution
- Declarative Specification of Model to Model Transformations
- Dynamic Execution of Declarative Model Transformations
- Discussion
- Evaluation
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Industry
- A Comparison of Secure Multi-Tenancy Architectures for Filesystem Storage Clouds
- Introduction
- Background
- System Description
- General Description
- Mandatory Access Control Policies
- VMT Architecture
- OSMT Architecture
- Security Comparison
- Security Model
- Comparison Method
- Denial-of-Service Attacks
- Unauthorized Data Access
- Conclusion
- Performance and Scalability Evaluation
- Experimental Setup
- Tools Used in the Benchmarks
- Benchmark Procedure
- Results
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- SAFEWEB: A Middleware for Securing Ruby-Based Web Applications
- Introduction
- Data Confidentiality in Enterprise Web Applications
- Case Study: A Cancer Registration System
- Controlling Data Propagation
- Applying Information Flow Control
- Practical Information Flow Control for Web Applications
- SAFEWEB Middleware Design
- Events with Security Labels
- Event Broker
- Event Processing Engine
- Web Frontend
- Evaluation
- Case Study: MDT Web Portal Application
- Security Properties
- Performance Overhead
- Related Work
- Conclusion
- References
- Author Index
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