Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering

Name: Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering | Select Proceedings of VCDRR 2021
Brand: Springer
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Select Proceedings of VCDRR 2021

Sreevalsa Kolathayar Siau Chen Chian(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 20. September 2021

X, 531 pages

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978-981-16-4617-1 (ISBN)

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Dr. Sreevalsa Kolathayar pursued M.Tech. from IIT Kanpur, Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and served as International Research Staff at UPC BarcelonaTech, Spain. He is presently Faculty in the Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India. Dr. Sreevalsa has authored five books and over 80 research papers. He is Associate Editor of two international journals. His research interests include Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Seismic Hazard and Risk, Landslides, Disaster Risk Reduction, Reinforced Earth and Water Geotechnics. He is currently the Secretary Indian Chapter of International Association for Coastal Reservoir Research (IACRR) and Executive Committee Member of Indian Society of Earthquake Technology. In 2017, The New Indian Express honoured Dr. Sreevalsa with South India's Most Inspiring Young Teachers Award. He is the recipient of ISET DK Paul Research Award from Indian Society of Earthquake Technology in 2018. He is in the roster of two technical committees of ASCE Geo-Institute. He received "IEI Young Engineers Award" by The Institution of Engineers (India) in recognition of his contributions in the field of Civil Engineering. Recently, Dr. Sreevalsa was featured by the American Society of Civil Engineers in their Geostrata Magazine.
Dr. Siau Chen Chian Darren is Associate Professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS). He obtained his Ph.D. and B.Eng. (First Class with Gold Medal) from Cambridge University and Nanyang Technological University, respectively. Dr. Chian's contribution in earthquake engineering lies in the field of catastrophe modelling, landslides and damage vulnerability of underground structures. He was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as the geotechnical specialist to carry out reconnaissance missions at the Mw7.6 Padang Earthquake in 2009, Mw9.0 Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and Mw7.8 Muisne Earthquake in 2016. Dr. Chian was named Top 10 Innovators Under 35 in Asia by the MIT Technology Review for his novel contribution in catastrophe modelling in 2016. Dr. Chian is a Nominated Member of the Technical Committee on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering TC203 under the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). He is also an Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Young Scientist, supported by the International Science Council (ISC) and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR).

Content

Intro
Contents
About the Editors
Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering-An Introduction
1 Introduction and Background
2 Seismic Ground Motion Studies
3 Structural Vulnerability Assessment
4 Geotechnical Vulnerability Assessment
5 Retrofitting and Rehabiliation
6 Review of Building Codes
7 Field Surveys, Geospatial Tools and Others
8 Summary
Seismic Ground Motion Studies
Wavelet Analysis of Far-Field Ground Motions from the Mw 7.6 2005 Kashmir Earthquake
1 Introduction
2 Observed Damage to Buildings
3 Key Characteristics of Recorded Ground Motions
4 Frequency Estimation Using Fast Fourier Transforms
5 Continuous Wavelet Transforms of Recorded Ground Motions
6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Correlation Between Seismic Intensity Measures and Response of Skewed Bridges
1 Introduction
2 Seismic Intensity Measures and Ground Motions
3 Bridge Modelling
4 Seismic Response and Correlation Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
Structural Vulnerability Assessment
Evaluation on Seismic Performance of "Dhajji-Dewari" Timber Wall Panel
1 Introduction
2 Details of Dhajji Wall Panel
3 Details of Nail-Jointed Timber Construction
4 Test Setup and Procedure to Determine Mechanical Properties of Acacia Wood
4.1 Compressive Strength Parallel to Grain
4.2 Tensile Capacity Perpendicular to Grains
5 Test Setup and Procedure to Determine Mechanical Properties of Timber Joints
5.1 Bending Test on T-joint
5.2 Tension Test on T-Joint
6 Numerical Modelling of Dhajji Wall
7 Experimental Test Results
7.1 Compressive and Tensile Strength Test on Acacia Wood Specimen
7.2 Tension Test on Type-1 and Type-2 Joint
7.3 Bending Test on Type-1 and Type-2 Joint
8 Numerical Analysis of Wall Panel
9 Conclusions
References
Variation in Seismic Behaviour of R.C Shaft Supported Elevated Water Towers with Change in Proportion of the Shaft Staging
1 Introduction
2 Study of Failure
3 Structural Model
4 Problem Studied
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Seismic Assessment of RC Framed Staging of Elevated Water Tanks
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Tank Models
2.2 Analysis of Tanks
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Effect of Pier Height on Behavior of Integrated Bridge Under Far and Near-Field Earthquake
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Type of Earthquake
2.2 Modeling
2.3 Analysis
3 Numerical Study
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Earthquake Applied in the Longitudinal Direction of the Bridge
4.2 Earthquake Applied in the Transverse Direction of the Bridge
5 Conclusions
References
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Integral Bridges Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Investigated Bridge
3 Structural Modeling
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Non Linear Seismic Analysis of RC Framed Structure by Extended N2 Method
1 Introduction
2 Plan
3 Extended N2 Method Procedure
4 Analytical Model
4.1 Elastic Modal Analysis
4.2 Non-linear Static Analysis of MDOF System
4.3 Transformation of MDOF System to SDOF System
4.4 Response Spectrum Analysis of SDOF System
5 Extended N2 Method
6 Non-linear Dynamic Time History Analysis
7 Results and Discussion
7.1 Comparison of Displacement
7.2 Comparison of Store Drift
8 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Seismic Performance and Vulnerability of a 20-Storied Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame Designed by Direct Displacement-Based Design and Force-Based Design
1 Introduction
2 The Study Frame
3 The Force-Based Design
4 The Direct Displacement-Based Design of Study Frames
5 Assessment of Seismic Performance
6 Assessment of Vulnerability
7 Conclusion
References
Comparative Study on Seismic Behaviour of G+41 Storey Frame with X, K and V Bracings
1 Introduction
2 Bracing System
3 Problem Statement
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Influence of Mass Irregularity on the Response of RC Frame with Stiffness Irregularity by Non-linear Time History Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Building Frame Model
3 Sequential Ground Motion
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Seismic Behaviour
4.2 Maximum Horizontal Displacements
4.3 Maximum Horizontal Permanent Displacement
4.4 Maximum Transient Storey Drift
4.5 Maximum Permanent Storey Drift
4.6 Formation of Plastic Hinges
5 Conclusion
References
Comparative Study on Static and Dynamic Analysis of RC Buildings of Different Heights in Different Seismic Zones
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Objective
4 Methods of Seismic Analysis
4.1 Equivalent Static Method (ESM)
4.2 Response Spectrum Method (RSM)
5 Building Configuration
6 Results and Observations
6.1 12 m High Building in Zone II
6.2 12 m High Building in Zone V
6.3 18 m High Building in Zone II
6.4 18 m High Building in Zone V
6.5 27 m High Building in Zone II
6.6 27 m High Building in Zone V
6.7 Observations from Manual Calculations
7 Conclusion
References
Effect of Dog-Legged Staircase on the Seismic Response of Hill Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Effect of Supporting Structure's Torsion on Floor Acceleration Demands in Buildings on Slopes
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Study
2.1 Building and Modelling Details
2.2 Dynamic Characteristics of the Considered Buildings
2.3 Ground Motion Records Selected for Analysis
3 Torsional Irregularities in Step-Back Buildings
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Spectral Amplification Function
4.2 Torsional Amplification Factor (TAF)
5 Conclusions
References
Seismic Safety of Buildings on Indian Hill Slopes-A Review
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Review of Hill Buildings in India Through Site Survey and RVS
2.2 Review of Structural Modelling and Analysis of Building Configuration on Indian Hill Slopes
2.3 Review of Analysis of Buildings on Slopes Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
2.4 Review of Hill Buildings Considering Slope Stability and Topographic Amplification
3 Discussion and Summary
References
Seismic Mainshock-Aftershock (MS-AS) Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Exposed to Flood Induced Scour
1 Introduction
2 Flood and Seismic Hazards
3 Simplified Description of Study Bridge
4 Flood Induced Scour Estimation
5 Bridge Modelling and Analysis
6 Analysis Results Discussions
7 Conclusions from the Investigation
References
Effect of Fire Hazard on Seismic Capacity of RC Frame Building
1 Introduction
2 Structural Modelling
3 Analysis Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Thermal Analysis
4.2 Seismic Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
Geotechnical Vulnerability Assessment
Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on the Seismic Response of Elevated Water Tank
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Finite Element Model of Elevated Intze Tank
4 Transient Analysis
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Maximum Displacement
5.2 Base Shear
5.3 Base Moment
6 Conclusions
References
A Study on Settlement Variation in Piled Raft Foundation Under Seismic Loads
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modelling
3 Seismic Analysis of Soil-Pile-Raft-Building System
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Time History of Settlement
4.2 Maximum Settlement
5 Conclusions
References
Seismic Behavior of Tunnel Structure Under Varying Surrounding Soil, Water Table, and Overburden Condition
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Model of the Study
4 Presentation of Results
5 Discussions on Results
5.1 Racking Deformation of Box Tunnel
5.2 Bending Moment Comparison of Box Tunnel Wall Under Different Surrounding Ground for Same Tunnel Depth and Same Seismic Conditions
5.3 Bending Moment Comparison of Box Tunnel Wall Under Different Seismic Conditions for Same Tunnel Depth and Same Surrounding Ground Soil
5.4 Bending Moment Comparison of Box Structure at Different Water Table Depths for Three Different Seismic Condition Within Same Tunnel Depth and Same Ground Condition
6 Conclusions
References
Seismic Response Study on Kaswati Dam
1 Introduction
2 Project Description
3 Material Properties of Kaswati Dam
4 Dam Simulation
5 Time Displacement Analysis
6 Stress Analysis
7 Concluding Remarks
References
Influence of Reservoir Level on the Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Gravity Dam
1 Introduction
2 Dam Reservoir Foundation Interaction
3 Cross Section Details and Finite Element Implementation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Modal Analysis
4.2 Seismic Behaviour of Gravity Dam
5 Conclusions
References
Assessment of Seismic Displacement of Quay Walls
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of Displacement of Quay Walls
3 Parametric Study
3.1 Boundary Effect
3.2 Convergence Check
3.3 Effect of Acceleration of Ground Motion on Quay Walls
4 Comparison of Analytical Test with Model Test Results
5 Conclusions
References
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation
Seismic Response Elimination of Structure by Using Passive Devices: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Passive Response Control Systems
2.2 Passive Devices
2.3 Passive and Semi-active Devices
2.4 Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs)
2.5 X-Plate Damper (XPDs)
2.6 Elasto-Plastic Damper (EPD) and Form Memory Alloy Damper (SMAD)
2.7 Viscoelastic Damper
3 Practical Applications of Passive, Active, and Semi-active Dampers
3.1 Practical Applications of Passive Control Devices
3.2 Practical Applications of Active Control Devices
3.3 Practical Applications of Semi-active Control Devices
4 Conclusions
References
Response Reduction of Secondary Piping Systems in Base-Isolated Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of the Isolators
3 Modelling of the (P-S) System
4 Analysis Using SAP 2000
5 Numerical Example
6 Results and Discussions
7 Conclusion
8 Future Scope
References
Seismic Analysis of Isolated and Non-isolated Railway Bridges with Slab Track-A Comparative Study
1 Introduction
1.1 Need of Seismic Isolation in Bridges
1.2 High Damping Rubber Bearings
1.3 Slab Track (Ballastless Track)
1.4 Aim of the Work
2 Methodology
2.1 Response Spectrum Method
2.2 Governing Factors
2.3 Description of Model
2.4 Description of Bridge
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Non-isolated Bridge model
4 Observations and Conclusions
References
Seismic Performance Analysis of Regular and Irregular RCC Framed Building with Dampers
1 Introduction
2 Structural Modelling and Analysis
2.1 Modelling and Analysis of Building Without Damper
2.2 Modelling of Building with Damper
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Response of G + 19 Storey Regular Building
3.2 Response of G + 19 Storey Irregular Building
3.3 Response of G + 19 Storeyed Regular Building with Damper
3.4 Response of G + 19 Storeyed Irregular Building with Damper
4 Conclusion
References
Seismic Control of Structures with Mass Irregularities Through Optimally Placed Active Tendons Using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Problem Formulation
3 Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)
4 Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Seismic Performance of UHPFRC-Strengthened RC Beam-Column Joints Using Damage Plasticity Model-A Numerical Study
1 Introduction
2 Modeling Concrete Using the CDP Model
2.1 Compressive Behavior of Concrete
2.2 Tensile Behavior of Concrete
2.3 Plasticity Parameters in the CDP Model
2.4 Predicting the Damage Variables in the CDP Model
2.5 Modeling Steel Using the Plasticity Theory
2.6 Modeling UHPFRC Using the CDP Model
3 Designing the RC Beam-Column Joint
3.1 RCC Design Details of the Beam-Column Joint
4 Finite Element Modeling of the Beam-Column Joint
4.1 Loading Details
4.2 Response of the Beam-Column Joint
5 Parametric Studies on the Behavior of the Beam-Column Joint
5.1 Dilation Angle
5.2 Eccentricity
6 Using UHPFRC for Strengthening the RC Beam-Column Joint
7 Conclusions
References
Assessment and Retrofitting Augmentation Methods of Seismic Performance on Existing RC Buildings Across India
1 Introduction
2 Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings by Zones
3 Analysis and Retrofitting Techniques
4 Conclusions
References
Review of Building Codes
Scientific Perspectives to Earthquake Resistant Design of RC Buildings-A Global Approach
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Major Developments in Understanding of Earthquakes
1.3 Outline of the Study
2 Review of Design Principles for Seismic Actions and Hazards
2.1 Basic Parameters for Safe Building Design
2.2 Force-Based Versus Displacement-Based Approaches
2.3 Evaluation of Seismic Hazard for Ahmedabad City
3 Code-Based Design of Building
4 Evaluation of Code-Based Design for Performance Review
4.1 First-Level Performance Evaluation-Global Inference
4.2 Second-Level Performance Evaluation-Local Inference
4.3 Third-Level Performance Evaluation-Non-structural Elements
5 Observations
6 Conclusion
References
Parametric Study on the Variation of Time Period of RC MRF Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Scope and Objectives
3 Building Configuration
4 Results and Observations
4.1 Changing Column Size
4.2 Changing Grade of Concrete
4.3 Changing Column Orientation
4.4 Changing Bay Length
4.5 Changing Building Orientation
4.6 Changing Plan Area
5 Comparison with STAAD Pro
6 Conclusions
References
Parametric Study of Performance-Based Seismic Design of Plan Irregular RC Frames-Indian Scenario
1 Introduction
2 Description of Selected Frames
3 Modelling of RC Frames
4 Methodology
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Cross-sections of Beams and Columns
5.2 Capacity Curve
5.3 Formation of Plastic Hinges and Hinge Response
6 Conclusions
References
Role of Openings in Seismic Resistance of Infill Walls: A Critical Review of Indian Codal Provision
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Description of the Frame Structure
4 Modelling of Equivalent Strut
4.1 Modelling Using FEMA-273 rules (with and Without Openings)
4.2 Modelling as per Indian Seismic Code [1]
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Comparison of Dynamic Properties
5.2 Comparative Pushover Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Simplified Macro Modeling Approach for Estimation of Nonlinear Response of Infilled RC Frames
1 Introduction
2 Methodology Used for the Proposed Procedure
3 Evaluation of the Proposed Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Analysis and Design of Uniformly Infilled RC Frame Building
6 Comparison of Seismic Performance of the Considered Buildings
7 Conclusions
References
Field Surveys, Geospatial Tools and Others
Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings in Palghar Area: Observations and Remedial Measures
1 Seismicity in Maharashtra
2 Recent Seismic Activities in Palghar District
3 Earthquake Safety Considerations
4 Field Survey of Buildings in Palghar
5 Survey Details of Extensively Damaged Buildings
6 Seismic Strengthening of Buildings
6.1 Reinforced Concrete Buildings
6.2 Seismic Strengthening of Load-Bearing Masonry Buildings
7 Conclusions
References
Evaluating the Seismic Performance of Domestic and Historical Masonry Structures in Himachal Pradesh Region of India
1 Introduction
2 Seismicity of the Himachal Pradesh Region and Its Impact on Lives and Livelihoods
3 Aim of the Study
4 Field Investigation
4.1 Typical Structural Configuration and Seismic Adaptation
5 Types of Kath-Kuni Structures
5.1 Domestic Structures
5.2 Heritage Structures
6 Conclusions
References
Mapping of Earthquake-Induced Land Deformation on Urban Area Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data of Sentinel-1
1 Introduction
1.1 Sentinel-1 Mission
1.2 Interferometry and Differential Interferometry
1.3 Earthquake and Seismicity on Sumatra Island
2 Study Area
3 Method and Data
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Seismic Data Mapping of South India from 1820 to 2020 Using Geographic Information System
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Parameters Considered
3.1 Magnitude
3.2 Intensity
3.3 Depth
3.4 Population
3.5 Soil Type
4 Data Collected
5 Mapping of Seismic Data
6 Conclusion
References
Earthquake Loss Estimation Using State-of-the-Art Tools
1 Introduction
2 NHERI SimCenter Workflow
2.1 Building Details
2.2 Finite Element Method
2.3 Uncertainty Propagation
3 Stochastic Ground Motions
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Peak Inter-storey Drift
4.2 Economic Losses
4.3 Injuries
4.4 Design Code Level
5 Conclusion
References
Post-Earthquake Safe Shelter for Shimla City
1 Introduction
2 Conceptualization of Safe Shelter Site
3 Positioning and Planning a Safe Shelter
3.1 Sites Selection for the Safe Shelter
3.2 Sites Selected for Safe Shelter in Shimla City
3.3 Layout Design of Safe Shelter in Open Ground
3.4 Layout Design of Safe Shelter in Multilevel Parking
3.5 Design of Inventory Storeroom
4 Essential Items and Inventory for the Safe Shelter
4.1 Arrangement for Ration
4.2 Procurement of Inventory Items Other Than Ration
5 Conclusion
References

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Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering

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