
Process of Enterprise Risk Management
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- Enterprise Risk Management
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Globalisation and Market Crises
- 1.3. Concept of Risk
- 1.3.1. Dimensions of Risk
- 1.3.2. Risk and Return
- 1.4. Corporate Risk Environment
- 1.5. Enterprise Risk Management and Its Value
- 1.6. Enterprise Risk Management Process
- 1.7. Aim
- Chapter 2
- Enterprise Risk Exposure
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Firm Value and Risk
- 2.3. Risk-Return Relationship
- 2.4. Business Versus Financial Risk
- 2.4.1. Business Risk
- 2.4.2. Financial Risk
- Liquidity Ratios
- Safety Ratios
- 2.5. Decision-Making and Risks
- 2.6. Risk Decomposition
- 2.7. Financial System and Risk
- 2.8. International Business Risk
- 2.9. Conclusion
- Chapter 3
- Measuring Enterprise Risk
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Price Behaviour
- 3.3. Risk Measurement
- 3.3.1. Financial Risk Ratios
- Liquidity Ratios
- Leverage Ratios
- 3.3.2. Operational Ratios
- Operating Performance Ratios
- Operating Profitability Ratios
- 3.3.3. Risk-Adjusted Performance Ratios
- Sharp Ratio
- Sortino Ratio
- Information Ratio
- 3.4. Mean-Variance Space (Standard Deviation)
- 3.4.1. Volatility and Expected Returns
- 3.4.1.1. Covariance
- 3.4.1.2. Correlation
- 3.4.2. Coefficient of Variation
- 3.4.3. Market Model and Beta
- 3.4.4. Delta
- 3.4.5. ARCH and GARCH
- 3.4.5.1. ARCH
- 3.4.5.2. GARCH
- I-GARCH
- A-GARCH
- 3.4.5.3. Applications of ARCH
- Applications of ARCH to Stock Return Data
- Application of ARCH to Interest Rate
- Application of ARCH to Foreign Exchange Rate
- 3.5. Measuring Portfolio Risk
- 3.6. Capital Pricing Asset Model
- 3.7. Conclusion
- Chapter 4
- Modelling Enterprise Risk
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Period versus Continuous Time Analysis
- 4.3. Risk Models
- 4.3.1. Discounted Cash Flow Model
- 4.3.2. Duration Model
- 4.3.3. Duration and Price Volatility
- 4.3.4. Factor Analysis
- 4.3.4.1. Multifactor Model
- 4.3.4.2. Arbitrage Pricing Theory Model
- 4.3.5. Cash Flow-at-Risk Model
- 4.3.6. Extreme Value Theory
- 4.3.7. Value-at-Risk
- 4.3.8. Limitations of VaR
- 4.3.9. Stress Testing
- 4.4. Conclusion
- Chapter 5
- Hedging Techniques and Tools
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Insurance
- 5.3. Hedging Strategy
- 5.3.1. Macro versus Micro Hedging
- 5.3.2. Internal and External Hedging
- 5.4. Value of Hedging
- 5.5. Derivatives Market
- 5.6. Derivative Pricing
- 5.6.1. Intertemporal Pricing
- 5.6.2. Price Convergence
- 5.6.3. Contango Market
- 5.6.4. Backwardation Market
- 5.7. Forward Contracts
- 5.7.1. Pricing of Forward Contracts
- 5.7.2. Hedging Using Forwards
- 5.7.3. Problems in Forward Markets
- 5.8. Futures Contracts
- 5.8.1. Hedging with Futures
- 5.8.2. Limitations with Futures
- 5.9. Options
- 5.9.1. Call Options
- 5.9.2. Put Options
- 5.9.3. Pricing an Option
- 5.9.3.1. Binomial Pricing Approach
- 5.9.3.2. Black & Scholes Model
- 5.9.3.3. Garman-Kohlhagen Model
- 5.9.4. Exotic Options
- 5.10. Swaps
- 5.11. Cash-Flow Hedging
- 5.12. Derivative Risks
- 5.12.1. Basis Risk
- 5.12.2. Minimum Variance Hedge Ratio
- 5.12.3. Liquidity Risk
- 5.12.4. Delivery Basis Risk
- 5.12.5. Funding Risk
- 5.13. Conclusion
- Chapter 6
- Commodity Price Risk
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Commodity Price Risk Management
- 6.3. Commodity Prices
- 6.4. Commodity Price Risk
- 6.4.1. Crude Oil
- 6.4.2. Coffee
- 6.4.3. Sugar
- 6.5. Hedging Commodity Price Risk
- 6.5.1. Stabilization Programs
- 6.5.2. Long Term Supply Contracts
- 6.5.3. Forward Contracts
- 6.5.4. Futures
- 6.5.5. Options
- 6.5.6. Swaps
- 6.6. Conclusion
- Chapter 7
- Interest Rate Risk
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Interest Rates
- 7.2.1. Determinants of Interest Rates
- 7.2.2. Term Structure of Interest Rates
- Yield Curves
- Negative Yield Curves
- 7.2.3. Interest Rates, Risk and Valuation
- 7.3. Impact of Interest Rate Risk on the Firm
- 7.4. Interest Rate Risk Management
- 7.5. Hedging Interest Rate Risk
- 7.5.1. Forward Rate Agreements
- 7.5.2. Futures Contracts
- 7.5.3. Options
- 7.5.3.1. Using Call Options to Hedge Interest Rate Risk
- 7.5.3.2. Using Put Options to Hedge Interest Rate Risk
- 7.5.3.3. Collars
- 7.5.3.4. Using Exotic Options for Hedging Interest Rate Risk
- 7.5.4. Swaps
- 7.6. Conclusion
- Chapter 8
- Foreign Exchange Risk
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Foreign Exchange Risk Management
- 8.3. Currency Price Determination
- 8.3.1. The Foreign Exchange Rate Market
- 8.3.2. Purchasing Power Parity
- 8.3.3. Interest Rate Parity (IRP)
- 8.3.4. International Fisher Effect (IFE)
- 8.4. Hedging Enterprise Foreign Exchange Risk
- 8.5. Internal Hedging
- 8.5.1. Natural Hedge
- 8.5.2. Invoicing
- 8.5.3. Offsetting and Netting
- 8.5.4. Leading and Lagging
- 8.5.5. Capital Budgeting
- 8.6. External Hedging
- 8.6.1. Forward Contracts
- 8.6.2. Money Market
- 8.6.3. Futures
- 8.6.4. Options
- 8.6.5. Swaps
- 8.7. Forecasting and Modelling Exchange Rate Risk
- 8.8. Conclusion
- Chapter 9
- Strategic Risk Management
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Risk Governance
- 9.3. Enterprise Risk Management Strategy
- 9.3.1. ERM Structure
- 9.3.2. Enterprise Risk Mapping
- 9.4. Key Elements of the ERM Framework
- 9.4.1. Board of Directors and Senior Management
- 9.5. Conclusion
- Chapter 10
- Emerging Issues and Financial Engineering
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Standards, Financial Risk Tools and Models
- 10.2.1. Beta Risk (Hedging Equities Using Index Futures)
- 10.2.2. Value at Risk (VaR)
- 10.2.3. VaR and Cash Flow at Risk
- 10.3. Financial Engineering and Model Development
- 10.4. Enterprise Risk Management for Corporate Value Creation
- 10.4.1. Financial Distress
- 10.4.2. Taxes
- 10.4.3. Risk Management and Investment
- 10.5. Strategic Portfolio Risk Management
- 10.6. Capital Asset Pricing Model
- 10.7. Duration Model
- 10.7.1. Duration as a Measure of Price Volatility
- 10.7.2. Duration as a Tool for Hedging or Immunization
- 10.8. Forwards and Futures
- 10.9. Futures and Options
- 10.10. Swaps
- 10.11. Real Options
- 10.11.1. Projects as Call Options
- 10.11.2. Risk and Options to Delay, Expand and Abandon
- 10.12. Conclusion
- References
- About the Authors
- Index
- Blank Page
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