Real Algebra

This book provides an introduction to fundamental methods and techniques of algebra over ordered fields. It is a revised and updated translation of the classic textbook Einführung in die reelle Algebra . Beginning with the basics of ordered fields and their real closures, the book proceeds to discuss methods for counting the number of real roots of polynomials. Followed by a thorough introduction to Krull valuations, this culminates in Artin's solution of Hilbert's 17th Problem. Next, the fundamental concept of the real spectrum of a commutative ring is introduced with applications. The final chapter gives a brief overview of important developments in real algebra and geometry-as far as they are directly related to the contents of the earlier chapters-since the publication of the original German edition. Real Algebra is aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students who have a good grounding in linear algebra, field theory and ring theory. It also provides a carefully written reference for specialists in real algebra, real algebraic geometry and related fields.