Surface Modification of Titanium for Biomaterial Applications

Name: Surface Modification of Titanium for Biomaterial Applications
Brand: Nova Science Publishers Inc
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Kim K(Author)

Nova Science Publishers Inc

Published on 7. January 2019

366 pages

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Intro
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM FOR BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM FOR BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
PROLOGUE
Chapter 1 BIOMATERIALS
1.1. BONE
1.1.1. Types of Bones:
1.1.2. Cells:
1.1.3. Matrix:
1.1.4. Bone Structure:
1.1.5. Bone Anatomy:
1.1.6. Bone Formation Method/Mechanism:
1.1.7. Bone Remodeling:
1.1.8. Bone Mineral:
1.1.9. Mechanical Properties of Bone:
1.2. BIOMATERIALS FOR HARD TISSUE REPAIR
1.2.1. Bioceramics:
1.2.2. Polymers:
1.2.3. Metals:
1.2.4. Composites:
1.3. INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOMATERIAL AND HARD LIVING TISSUE- BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
1.3.1. Protein Adsorption:
1.3.2. Bone-Cell Adhesion:
1.3.3. Action of Bone Marrow:
1.3.4. Influence of Transforming Growth Factor- Beta (TGF-?):
1.4. INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOMATERIAL AND HARD LIVING TISSUE - SURFACE RELATED PARAMETERS
1.4.1. Surface Topography:
1.4.2. Surface Energy:
1.4.3. Surface Charges:
1.4.4.Surface Roughness:
1.4.5. Surface Chemistry:
1.4.6. Surface Texture:
1.4.7. Porous Structure:
1.5. INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOMATERIAL AND HARD LIVING TISSUE - BIOMECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.6. HOST RESPONSES TO BIOMATERIALS
1.6.1. Inflammatory Response:
1.6.2. Adaptation:
1.6.3. Chemical And Foreign-Body Carcinogenesis:
1.6.4. Metal Toxicity:
1.7. EVALUATION OF BIOMATERIAL
1.8. SCOPE OF THIS BOOK
REFERENCES:
Chapter 2 TITANIUM SYSTEM
2.1. TYPES OF TITANIUM ALLOYS AND THEIR USES
2.2. PASSIVE OXIDE LAYER ON TITANIUM ALLOYS
2.3. WEAR PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
2.4. OSSEOINTEGRATION
2.5. CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMIC AND OSSEOINTEGRATION OF TITANIUM
2.6. TITANIUM AS DENTAL APPLICATIONS
2.7. SURFACE MODIFICATION APPROACH
REFERENCES:
Chapter 3 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMICS
3.1. TYPES OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
3.1.1. Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate [Ca(HPO4). 2H2O]:
3.1.2. Tricalcium Phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2]:
3.1.3. Hydroxyapatite:
3.1.4. Amorphous Phase:
3.2. RESORBING ABILITY AND SOLUBILITY OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COMPOUNDS
3.3. FOCUS OF CAP BIOMATERIALS RESEARCH
REFERENCES:
Chapter 4 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COATINGS ON TITANIUM
4.1. DIFFERENT METHODS OF COATING CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON TITANIUM
4.1. DIFFERENT METHODS OF COATING CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON TITANIUM
REFERENCES:
Chapter 5 BIOMIMETIC DEPOSITION
5.1. IMMERSION IN SBF
5.1.1. Activating the Titanium Surface with Hydroxide or Oxides:
5.1.2. Altering the SBF Chemistry:
5.1.3. Coating the Titanium Surface with Cap and then Immerse it in SBF:
5.2. OTHER WET CHEMICAL METHODS
5.3. EFFECT OF SINTERING OF HA ON FURTHER BIOMIMETIC FORMATION OF HA
REFERENCES:
Chapter 6 THERMAL SPRAYING
6.1. PRINCIPLES
6.2. DETONATION-GUN SPRAYING
6.3. HIGH-VELOCITY OXY-FUEL TECHNOLOGY
6.4. HA/TIO2 CONJOINT SPRAYING
REFERENCES
Chapter 7 PLASMA SPRAYING
7.1. PLASMA SPRAY PROCESS
7.1.1. Plasma Arc Formation:
7.1.2. Coating Build-Up:
7.1.3. Microstructure of the Coating:
7.1.4. Lamella Morphology:
7.1.5. Ultrastructure of the Coating:
7.2. PROCESS PARAMETERS
7.2.1. Plasma Power Level:
7.2.2. Plasma Forming Gases:
7.2.3. Powder Particle Size:
7.2.4. Powder Carrier Gas:
7.2.5. Powder Feed Rate:
7.2.6. Spray Distance:
7.2.7. Plasma Gun Relative Movement:
7.3. PROPERTIES PF HA COATINGS
7.3.1. Coating Purity:
7.3.2. Coating Crystallinity:
7.3.3. Coating Adhesion:
7.3.4. Cohesive Strength:
7.3.5. Porosity:
7.3.6. Residual Stress:
7.3.7. Coating Thickness:
7.3.8. Coating Roughness:
7.4. APPLICATIONS
7.5. BOND COAT
7.6. RF-PLASMA TREATMENT
7.7. EFFECT OF POST-DEPOSITION HEAT-TREATMENT
SUMMARY
REFERENCES:
Chapter 8 SOL-GEL
8.1. STEPS INVOLVED
8.1.1. Hydrolysis and Poly Condensation:
8.1.2. Gelation:
8.1.3. Ageing:
8.1.4 Drying:
8.1.5. Densification and Crystallization:
8.1.6. Advantages and Limitations of Sol-Gel Method:
8.2. PROPERTIES
8.3. VARIOUS SOL-GEL ROUTES
8.3.1. Using Calcium Nitrate:
8.3.2. Usage of Triethyl Phosphate:
8.3.3. Other Sources:
SUMMARY
REFERENCES:
Chapter 9 ANODIC OXIDATION
9.1. USES OF ANODIC OXIDES OF TITANIUM
9.2. TYPES OF TITANIUM OXIDE
9.3. PASSIVE OXIDE LAYER ON TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS
9.3.1. Adsorption Theory:
9.3.2. Electrochemical Theory:
9.4. VARIOUS OXIDIZING MEDIA
9.4.1. Sulphuric Acid:
9.4.2. Phosphoric Acid:
9.4.3. Chromic Acid:
9.4.4. Non-Acid Electrolytes:
9.5. VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF OXIDE GROWTH
9.5.1. Oxide Formation and Growth:
9.5.2. Crystallization of Films:
9.5.3. Thickening of The Films:
9.5.4. Breakdown of Films:
9.6. CHARACTERISTICS OF OXIDE FILMS
9.6.1. Stability of Films:
9.6.2. Color of the Film:
9.6.3. Porosity of Films:
9.6.4. Heterogeneity of the Film:
9.6.5. Stress Generation:
REFERENCES:
Chapter 10 TIO2 NANOTUBES
10.1. ELECTROLYTE
10.2. EVOLUTION OF SURFACE MORPHOLOGY
10.3. SELF-ORDERING OF NANOTUBES
10.4. CRYSTALLINITY
10.5. HA DEPOSITION
10.6 IN VITRO TESTS
REFERENCES:
Chapter 11 MICRO-ARC OXIDATION
11.1. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
11.1.1. MAO Equipment:
11.1.2. Characteristics of MAO Coatings:
11.2. MAO AND FURTHER BIOMIMETIC HA DEPOSITION
11.3. HA DEPOSITION BY MAO IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES
11.4. HEAT-TREATMENT AIDED HA FORMATION
11.5. INCORPORATION OF OTHER CATIONS IN THE MICRO-ARC OXIDIZED HA
11.6. DIRECT SINGLE-STEP HA FORMATION
REFERENCES:
Chapter 12 HYDROTHERMAL
12.1. VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF 'HYDROTHERMAL'
12.2. SOLVENTS
12.3. USE OF WATER AS SOLVENT
12.4. MINERALIZER
12.5. OPEN/CLOSED SYSTEMS
12.6.TYPES OF HYDROTHERMAL TECHNIQUES
12.7. GENERAL APPLICATIONS
12.8. TITANIUM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT FOR IMPROVING BIOACTIVITY
REFERENCES:
Chapter 13 ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION
13.1. MECHANISM
13.2. ELECTROPHORESIS AT CONSTANT VOLTAGE
13.3. DYNAMIC VOLTAGE ELECTROPHORESIS
13.4. PRE-SURFACE TREATMENT OF ELECTROPHORETIC COATINGS
13.5. VARIATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS METHOD
REFERENCES:
Chapter 14 CATHODIC DEPOSITION
14.1. MECHANISM
14.2. FEATURES OF CATHODIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COATINGS
14.3. NUCLEATION AND GRAIN GROWTH
14.4. ADVANTAGES OF USING NANO-CRYSTALLINE COATINGS
14.5. NANO-GRAINED CATHODIC HA COATINGS
REFERENCES:
Chapter 15 HOT ISOSTAIC PRESSING
15.1. HA GRANULE PRESSING
15.2. VARIATIONS OF HIP
15.3. HIPPING AND BONE GROWTH
15.4. DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES
REFERENCES:
Chapter 16 LASER BASED COATINGS
16.1. PULSED LASER DEPOSITION (PLD)
16.2. LASER RADIATION POWER DENSITY (LASER FLUENCE)
16.3. LASER OPERATIONAL FREQUENCY
16.4. LASER WAVELENGTH
16.5. REACTIVE ATMOSPHERES
16.6. PROCESSES
16.7. CONJOINT PLD-BIOMIMETIC PROCESSES
16.8. ADVANTAGES AND USES
REFERENCES:
Chapter 17 RF SPUTTERING
17.1. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
17.2. HA DEPOSITION
REFERENCES:
Chapter 18 ION IMPLANTATION
18.1. ACCELERATOR BASED IMPLANTATION
18.1.1. Accelerator Setup:
18.1.2. Implantation Beam Line and Chamber:
18.1.3. Parameters of Ion Implantation:
18.2. ION BEAM ASSISTED DEPOSITION
18.3. OTHER ION ASSISTED PROCESSES
18.4. SPECIFIC IONS
18.4.1. Ca and P Ions:
18.4.2. Carbon Implantation:
18.4.3. Oxygen Ion:
18.4.4. Nitrogen Ion:
18.4.5. Fluoride Ion:
18.4.6. Sodium Ion:
18.4.7. Argon Ion:
18.4.8. Silver Ion:
18.5. PROPERTIES OF ION BEAM FORMED CALCIUM PHOSPHATES
REFERENCES:
Chapter 19 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
19.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PVD AND CVD
19.2. COMPARISON OF THE 2 PROCESSES
19.3. DIAMOND FILMS
19.4. DIAMOND FILMS AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY
REFERENCES:
Chapter 20 OTHER METHODS
20.1. THERMAL SUBSTRATE
20.1.1. Practical Application:
20.2. ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS/GROWTH FACTORS
20.2.1. Adsorption of Protein:
20.2.2. Modification Using Growth Factors:
20.3. BLASTING/CHEMICAL ETCHING TECHNIQUES
20.3.1. Types of Blasting Techniques:
20.3.2. Other Novel Blasting Processes:
20.3.3. Practical Aspects of Blasting:
20.3.4. Properties of Blasted Surfaces:
20.3.5. Chemical Etching:
20.4. ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT TREATMENT
20.5. ELECTROCHEMICAL NANO OXIDE NETWORK
REFERENCES:
Chapter 21 TITANIUM NITRIDE COATING
21.1. APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM NITRIDE
21.2. Properties of Titanium Nitride
21.3. TITANIUM NITRIDE AS COATINGS
REFERENCES:
Chapter 22 HA SUBSTITUTED WITH OTHER IONS
22.1. SILVER DEPOSITION
22.2. CARBONATED HA
22.3. FLUORINATED HA
22.4. MAGNESIUM SUBSTITUTION
22.5. SODIUM SUBSTITUTION
22.6. STRONTIUM SUBSTITUTION
22.7. SILICON SUBSTITUTION
REFERENCES:
Chapter 23 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATINGS
23.1. STABILITY
23.1.1. Growth - Dissolution Mechanism:
23.1.2. HA Coating Loss:
23.1.3. Case Study:
23.2. SURFACE ROUGHNESS
23.3 ADHESION
23.4. COATING THICKNESS
23.5. POROSITY
23.6. WETTABILITY
23.7. TEXTURE OF THE COATINGS
23.8. PROPERTIES OF HA COATINGS USED IN DENTISTRY
REFERENCES:
Chapter 24 CORROSION AND WEAR OF THE COATINGS
24.1. Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in SBF
24.1.1. Corrosion of Alkali-Treated Titanium:
24.1.2. Corrosion of Anodically Oxidized Titanium:
24.1.3. Corrosion of Surface Modified Nitinol Alloy:
24.1.4. Corrosion of Ion-Implanted Titanium:
24.1.5. Corrosion of Sol-Gel Derived HA:
24.1.6. Corrosion of Plasma-Nitrided Titanium:
24.1.7. Corrosion of Laser-Treated Titanium:
24.2. WEAR OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
24.2.1. Corrosive Wear of Titanium Alloys:
REFERENCES:
Chapter 25 BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATINGS
25.1. IN VITRO CELL CULTURE
25.1.1. Surface Features and In Vitro Behavior:
25.1.2. In Vitro Activity of Surface Modified Titanium:
25.1.3. In Vitro Activity of Ion-Implanted Titanium:
25.2. IN VIVO RESULTS
25.2.1. Surface Features and In Vivo Behavior:
25.2.2. In Vivo Activity of Surface Modified Titanium:
SUMMARY:
REFERENCES:
Chapter 26 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS PROCESSES
26.1. VARIOUS METHODS
26.2. APPLICATIONS
26.3. RECENT TRENDS
REFERENCES:
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Surface Modification of Titanium for Biomaterial Applications

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