Intelligibility in Speech Disorders
Theory, measurement and management
1st Edition
Published on 16. April 1992
VI, 365 pages
978-90-272-7721-3 (ISBN)
Description
The papers in this volume, written by authors experienced in intelligibility issues in speech pathology and related fields, describe the basic dimensions by which speech intelligibility can and must be understood. The dimensions are auditory perceptual, linguistic, acoustic and physiologic. These, in turn, are applied to the fundamental problems of definition and theory, measurement and clinical management. Only relatively recently has there been significant progress in formal intelligibility assessment and few, if any books have been published on intelligibility concerns in speech pathology. It is hoped that this book represents the topic of intelligibility in a way that will encourage further invention in research and clinical efforts relating to this essential aspect of speech and language performance.
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Content
- INTELLIGIBILITY IN SPEECH DISORDERS THEORY, MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- References
- Chapter 1. Scaling procedures for the measurement of speech intelligibility
- Introduction
- Definition of speech intelligibility
- Measurement
- Intelligibility measurement methods
- Use of scaling procedures in communication disorders
- Use of scaling to measure speech intelligibility
- Comparison of scaling procedures
- Interval scaling
- Direct magnitude estimation
- Scaling prothetic vs. metathetic continua
- Evidence against the use of scaling procedures for the measurement of speech intelligibility
- Evidence for the use of word identification tests for the measurement of speech intelligibility
- References
- Chapter 2. An application of structural linguistics to intelligibility measurement of impaired speakers of English
- Introduction
- Theoretical frame of reference
- Assumptions
- What is language
- Aspectual model of language structure
- Analysis by levels
- Establishing the morphophone
- Comparison of IPA and T-S notation
- An aspectual analysis of alaryngeal speech
- Purpose
- Speakers
- Instruments
- Elicitation material
- QRP scoring
- Methods and procedures
- Results
- Diagnostics
- Excrescence errors
- Loss errors
- Summary and conclusions
- Purpose
- Theoretic orientation
- Analysis
- QRP
- Results
- Applications
- Threshold of intelligibility
- References
- Appendix 1. Standard English Morphophone Inventory
- I. Segmentals
- II. Suprasegmentals
- Appendix 2. Diacritics and Notation
- Notation
- Diacritics
- Appendix 3. QRP TEST
- A. Segmental targets
- B. Suprasegmental targets (underlined)
- Chapter 3. Acoustic and perceptual approaches to the study of intelligibility
- Introduction: The concept of intelligibility
- Review of dysarthric intelligibility studies
- Review of literature on intelligibility of deaf speech
- Segmental characteristics
- Suprasegmental variables
- Combined segmental and suprasegmental characteristics
- Summary
- Variables in an explanatory test of speech intelligibility
- Selection of variables: considerations from dysarthria
- Selection of variables: General considerations
- Representation (form) of variables for the model
- Predicting intelligibility from the phonetic and acoustic characteristics of dysarthric speech
- Influence of normal listening strategies on speech intelligibility
- Summary
- Notes
- References
- Chapter 4. The role of phonation in speech intelligibility: A review and preliminary data from patients with Parkinson's disease
- Introduction
- The relationship between intelligibility and phonatory characteristics in disordered and enhanced speech
- Contributions of the SOURCE functions of the larynx to speech intelligibility
- Loudness
- Quality
- Contributions of SUPRASEGMENTAL functions o f the larynx to speech intelligibility
- Pitch
- Prosody-(stress and intonation
- Contributions of ARTICULATORY functions of the larynx to speech intelligibility
- Summary
- The relationship between improved vocal fold adduction and speech intelligibility in patients with Parkinson's disease
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Chapter 5. The intelligibility of English vowels spoken by British and Dutch talkers
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Establishing a phonetic inventory
- 1.2 The Sensitive period Hypothesis
- 2. Purpose of the chapter
- 2.1 Speech production and perception
- 2.1.1 Speech production
- 2.1.2 Speech perception
- 2.1.3 Phonetic perception
- 2.2 Perceiving L2 sounds
- 2.3 The new vs. similar distinction
- 2.4 Phonetic norm
- 2.5 The relationship of L2 and L1 sounds
- 2.6 Applying the classification scheme
- 3. Predictions of the model
- 4. Vowel production data
- 5. Factors affecting vowel intelligibility
- 6. Dutch vs. English vowels
- 6.1 An identical vowel
- 6.3 A new vowel
- 6.2 Similar vowels
- 9. Methods
- 9.1 Subjects
- 9.1.1 Talkers
- 9.1.2 Listeners
- 9.2 Speech materials
- 9.3 Procedures for the intellibility test
- 9.3.1 Response categories
- 9.3.2 Pre-Test
- 9.3.3 Instructions
- 9.3.4 Stimulus presentation
- 9.3.5 Evaluating degree of foreign accent
- 9.3.6 Analyses
- 10. Results of the intelligibility test
- 10.1 American listeners
- 10.2 British English listeners
- 10.3 Individual talkers' production of the new vowel /æ/
- 11. Acoustic measurements
- 11.1 Procedures
- 11.2 Results and discussion of the acoustic analysis
- 12. General discussion
- 12.1 The production of new vowels
- 12.2 The production of similar vowels
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
- References
- Chapter 6. Speech intelligibility in the hearing impaired: Research and clinical implications
- Methods of measuring intelligibility
- Item identification
- Open-set intelligibility tests
- Closed-set intelligibility tests
- Scaling
- Factors affecting intelligibility measures
- Speech material
- Contextual cues
- Phonologic and syntactic complexity
- Characteristics of the listener
- Listener experience
- Access to auditory and visual cues
- Characteristics of the speaker
- Degree of hearing loss
- Linguistic competence
- Child's age
- Age of onset hearing loss
- Effect of speech errors on intelligibility
- Correlational studies
- Causal studies
- Summary
- Development of speech training and assessment procedures
- Comparison of open- and closed-set intelligibility tests
- Development of the meaningful use of speech scale
- Diagnostic intervention strategies
- Note
- References
- Chapter 7. Intelligibility measurement as a tool in the clinical management of dysarthric speakers
- Measurement of the level and pattern of disability
- Sentence intelligibility
- Word intelligibility with and without semantic context
- Phoneme intelligibility
- Identifying factors impacting intelligibility
- Rate control
- Palatal lift fitting
- Behavioral modification
- Partner training
- Toward an intelligibility-based model of intervention
- References
- Chapter 8. EPG-based description of apraxic speech errors
- Introduction
- Electropalatography
- Pattern 1: Alveolar stop pattern
- Pattern 2: Velar stop pattern
- Pattern 3: Palatal stop pattern
- Pattern 4: Double alveolar-velar pattern
- Pattern 5: Alveolar grooved pattern
- Pattern 6: Palatal grooved pattern
- Pattern 7: Apical pattern
- 1. Misdirected articulatory gestures
- 2. Distorted spatial patterns
- 3. Omission of target gestures
- 4. Seriation problems
- 5. Repetitions of patterns
- 6. Abnormal temporal and spatial variability
- The experiment
- Subjects
- Corpus
- Procedure
- Results
- Subject L
- Subject M
- Subject ?
- Subject S
- Summary of results
- Relationship between EPG patterns and speech intelligibility
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Appendix A
- 1. Single word lists
- 2. Repetition task
- 3. Compose and produce sentences with each of 4 words selected from Set A above
- 4. Non-verbal tasks
- References
- Chapter 9. Prospects for neurophysiological approaches to the study of speech intelligibility
- Introduction
- Neurophysiologic recordings from CNS in humans
- Animal studies of central brain structures involved in vocalization
- Neural control of vocalization in monkey
- Lower motor neurons
- Neural control of vocalization in cat
- Cortical and subcortical brain structures important for speech
- Cerebral cortex
- Subcortical-thalamo-cortical relations
- Brainstem nuclei
- Summary of brain structures important for speech
- Neurology of vocal control
- Lateral precentral cortex (LPC)
- Supplementary motor area (SMA)
- Cerebellum (CB)
- Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
- Basal ganglia (BG)
- Periaqueductal gray (PAG)
- Relations between motor output and speech intelligibility
- Future directions
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- References
- Index
