Microstructured Devices for Chemical Processing
1st Edition
Published on 15. September 2014
384 pages
978-3-527-68518-9 (ISBN)
Description
Faster, cheaper and environmentally friendly, these are the criteria for designing new reactions and this is the challenge faced by many chemical engineers today.
Based on courses thaught by the authors, this advanced textbook discusses opportunities for carrying out reactions on an industrial level in a technically controllable, sustainable, costeffective and safe manner.
Adopting a practical approach, it describes how miniaturized devices (mixers, reactors, heat exchangers, and separators) are used successfully for process intensification, focusing on the engineering aspects of microstrctured devices, such as their design and main chracteristics for homogeneous and multiphase reactions. It adresses the conditions under which microstructured devices are beneficial, how they should be designed, and how such devices can be integrated in an existing chemical process. Case studies show how the knowledge gained can be applied for particular processes.
The textbook is essential for master and doctoral students, as well as for professional chemists and chemical engineers working in this area.
Based on courses thaught by the authors, this advanced textbook discusses opportunities for carrying out reactions on an industrial level in a technically controllable, sustainable, costeffective and safe manner.
Adopting a practical approach, it describes how miniaturized devices (mixers, reactors, heat exchangers, and separators) are used successfully for process intensification, focusing on the engineering aspects of microstrctured devices, such as their design and main chracteristics for homogeneous and multiphase reactions. It adresses the conditions under which microstructured devices are beneficial, how they should be designed, and how such devices can be integrated in an existing chemical process. Case studies show how the knowledge gained can be applied for particular processes.
The textbook is essential for master and doctoral students, as well as for professional chemists and chemical engineers working in this area.
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Madhvanand N. Kashid | Albert Renken | Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker
Microstructured Devices for Chemical Processing
Book
10/2014
1st Edition
Wiley-VCH
€129.00
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Software
09/2014
Wiley-VCH
€163.75
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Persons
Dr. Madhvanand Kashid, Chemical Engineer, at Syngenta Crop Protection Monthey SA, Switzerland. He secured PhD in Chemical Engineering from Technical University of Dortmund, Germany, on "liguid-liquid slug flow capillary microreactors". Prior to joining Syngenta, he worked at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. He had been extensively working on different aspects of microprocess engineering such as design and characterization of microstructured devices both by mathematical modelling and experimental validation, development of continuous process with industrial partners, and application of microdevices for educational purpose. He is the co-author of 25 scientific publications, reviews and book chapters.
Prof. Dr. Albert Renken, Professor Emeritus, secured PhD and habilitation from University of Hannover and joined EPFL in 1977. He has been working on variety of topics related to chemical and polymer reaction engineering such as multiphase reactions, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis and micro reactor technology. He represents Switzerland in the Working Party on Chemical Reaction Engineering in the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. In 2007 he got the DECHEMA-Titan-Medal for his pioneering contributions to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Microreaction Technology. He is author or co-author of more than 450 scientific publications, 3 textbooks and co-author of the "Handbook of Micro Process Engineering". His actual research and teaching is focused on sustainable chemical production and process intensification.
Prof. Dr. Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker, Head of the Group of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, GGRC, at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland . Prof. Kiwi-Minsker received her PhD in 1982 in physical & colloidal chemistry from Moscow University, her habilitation in 1992 from the Novosibirsk University in Physical Chemistry and joined EPFL in 1994. Her teaching and research activities continue to be in the field of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Reactor technology, in particular, the reactors with structured catalytic beds and micro-reactors. She is the co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, patents and book chapters. She is currently a member of the Working party on "Chemical Reaction Engineering" and "Process Intensification" of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) and of the European Federation of Catalysis (EFCATS).
Prof. Dr. Albert Renken, Professor Emeritus, secured PhD and habilitation from University of Hannover and joined EPFL in 1977. He has been working on variety of topics related to chemical and polymer reaction engineering such as multiphase reactions, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis and micro reactor technology. He represents Switzerland in the Working Party on Chemical Reaction Engineering in the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. In 2007 he got the DECHEMA-Titan-Medal for his pioneering contributions to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Microreaction Technology. He is author or co-author of more than 450 scientific publications, 3 textbooks and co-author of the "Handbook of Micro Process Engineering". His actual research and teaching is focused on sustainable chemical production and process intensification.
Prof. Dr. Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker, Head of the Group of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, GGRC, at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland . Prof. Kiwi-Minsker received her PhD in 1982 in physical & colloidal chemistry from Moscow University, her habilitation in 1992 from the Novosibirsk University in Physical Chemistry and joined EPFL in 1994. Her teaching and research activities continue to be in the field of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Reactor technology, in particular, the reactors with structured catalytic beds and micro-reactors. She is the co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, patents and book chapters. She is currently a member of the Working party on "Chemical Reaction Engineering" and "Process Intensification" of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) and of the European Federation of Catalysis (EFCATS).
Content
Preface
List of Symbols
OVERVIEW OF MICRO REACTION ENGINEERING
Introduction
What are Microstructured Devices?
Advantages of Microstructured Devices
Materials & Methods for Fabrication of Microstructured Devices
Applications of Microstructured Devices
Structure of the Book
Summary
BASIS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
Mass and Energy Balance
Formal Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions
Ideal Reactors and their Design Equations
Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions in Biphasic Systems
Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Mass and Heat Transfer Effects on Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Summary
List of Symbols
REAL REACTORS AND RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION (RTD)
Non-Ideal Flow Pattern and Definition of RTD
Experimental Determination of RTD in Flow Reactors
RTD in Ideal Homogeneous Reactors
RTD in Non-Ideal Homogeneous Reactors
Influence of RTD on the Reactor Performance
RTD in Micro-Channel Reactors
List of Symbols
MICRO-MIXING DEVICES
Role of Mixing for the Performance of Chemical Reactors
Flow Pattern and Mixing in Micro-Channel Reactors
Theory of Mixing in Microchannels with Laminar Flow
Types of Micromixers and Mixing Principles
Experimental Characterization of MIxing Efficiency
Mixer Efficiency and Energy Consumption
Summary
List of Symbols
HEAT MANAGEMENT BY MICRODEVICES
Introduction
Heat Transfer in MIcrostructured Devices
Temperature Control in Chemical Microstructured Reactors
Case Studies
Summary
List of Symbols
MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS FOR FLUID-SOLID SYSTEMS
Introduction
MIcrostructured Reactors for Fluid - Solid Reactions
Microstructured Reactors for Catalytic Gas-Phase Reactions
Hydrodynamics in Fluid-Solid Microstructured Reactors
Mass Transfer in Catalytic Micro-Reactors
Case Studies
Summary
List of Symbols
MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS FOR FLUID-FLUID REACTIONS
Conventional Equipment for Fluid-Fluid Systems
Microstructured Devices for Fluid-Fluid Systems
Flow Patterns in Fluid-Fluid Systems
Mass Transfer
Pressure Drop in Fluid-Fluid Microstructured Channels
Flow Separation in Liquid-Liquid Microstructured Reactors
Fluid-Fluid Reactions in Microstructured Devices
Summary
List of Symbols
THREE PHASE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Gas-Liquid-Solid Systems
Gas-Liquid-Liquid Systems
Summary
List of Symbols
List of Symbols
OVERVIEW OF MICRO REACTION ENGINEERING
Introduction
What are Microstructured Devices?
Advantages of Microstructured Devices
Materials & Methods for Fabrication of Microstructured Devices
Applications of Microstructured Devices
Structure of the Book
Summary
BASIS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
Mass and Energy Balance
Formal Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions
Ideal Reactors and their Design Equations
Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions in Biphasic Systems
Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Mass and Heat Transfer Effects on Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Summary
List of Symbols
REAL REACTORS AND RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION (RTD)
Non-Ideal Flow Pattern and Definition of RTD
Experimental Determination of RTD in Flow Reactors
RTD in Ideal Homogeneous Reactors
RTD in Non-Ideal Homogeneous Reactors
Influence of RTD on the Reactor Performance
RTD in Micro-Channel Reactors
List of Symbols
MICRO-MIXING DEVICES
Role of Mixing for the Performance of Chemical Reactors
Flow Pattern and Mixing in Micro-Channel Reactors
Theory of Mixing in Microchannels with Laminar Flow
Types of Micromixers and Mixing Principles
Experimental Characterization of MIxing Efficiency
Mixer Efficiency and Energy Consumption
Summary
List of Symbols
HEAT MANAGEMENT BY MICRODEVICES
Introduction
Heat Transfer in MIcrostructured Devices
Temperature Control in Chemical Microstructured Reactors
Case Studies
Summary
List of Symbols
MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS FOR FLUID-SOLID SYSTEMS
Introduction
MIcrostructured Reactors for Fluid - Solid Reactions
Microstructured Reactors for Catalytic Gas-Phase Reactions
Hydrodynamics in Fluid-Solid Microstructured Reactors
Mass Transfer in Catalytic Micro-Reactors
Case Studies
Summary
List of Symbols
MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS FOR FLUID-FLUID REACTIONS
Conventional Equipment for Fluid-Fluid Systems
Microstructured Devices for Fluid-Fluid Systems
Flow Patterns in Fluid-Fluid Systems
Mass Transfer
Pressure Drop in Fluid-Fluid Microstructured Channels
Flow Separation in Liquid-Liquid Microstructured Reactors
Fluid-Fluid Reactions in Microstructured Devices
Summary
List of Symbols
THREE PHASE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Gas-Liquid-Solid Systems
Gas-Liquid-Liquid Systems
Summary
List of Symbols
List of Symbols
Commonly Used Symbols
This is a list of commonly used symbols. Besides, there are some special symbols used for each chapter which are listed chapterwise.
Symbols Significance Unit A Exchange or surface area m2 a Specific interfacial area or catalytic surface area per reactor volume m2 m−3 Acs Cross-section area m2 Bo Bond number — Bo Bodenstein number — Bim, Bith Biot number (mass), Biot number (thermal) — C Dimensionless concentration — Ca Capillary (=) or Carberry (=) number — ci Concentration of molecule Ai mol m−3 cp Heat capacity of fluid or mixture J kg−1 K−1 DaI First Damköhler number — DaII Second Damköhler number — DaIImx Second Damköhler number for mixing — Dax Axial dispersion coefficient m2 s−1 De Dean number — Deff, Dm Effective molecular diffusion coefficient, molecular diffusion coefficient m2 s−1 dh Hydraulic diameter m dt Diameter of channel (or tube) m E, Ea Intrinsic activation energy, apparent activation energy of reaction j J mol−1 f Ratio of residual concentration to initial — Fo Fourier number — g Gravitational acceleration m2 s−1 H Height m h Heat transfer coefficient W m−2 K−1 Ha Hatta number — Ji Molar flux of species i mol m−2 s−1 k, kr, kj Reaction rate constant for homogeneous and quasi-homogenous, constant of heterogenous reaction, constant of reaction j variable (s−1 (mol m−3)−(n−1)) k0 Pre-exponential or frequency factor variable (s−1 (mol m−3)−(n−1)) KC Reaction equilibrium constant variable K thermodynamic equilibrium constant — kG Mass transfer coefficient in gas phase m s−1 kGL Mass transfer coefficient in gas–liquid system m s−1 kL Mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase m s−1 Volumetric mass transfer coefficient s−1 km Mass transfer coefficient of heterogeneous reactions m s−1 kov Overall mass transfer coefficient m s−1 L, Lc, Le, Lt Length, characteristic length, length of entrance zone, length of tube or channel m Mass flow rate kg s−1 Nu Nusselt number — Reaction order with respect to species Ai — n Overall reaction order — No of moles of molecule Ai mol Molar flow rate of molecule Ai mol s−1 p Pressure Pa Pi Rate of production mol s−1 Pr Prandtl number — Pe Péclet number — Q Energy J Rate of heat flow W , , Specific heat rate, of reaction, of heat exchange/transfer J m−3 s−1 R Ideal gas law constant J mol−1 K−1 R Radius m Re Reynolds number — Ri Overall reaction/transformation rate of molecule Ai mol m−3 s−1 rj, reff Rate of reaction/transformation of reaction j, effective reaction rate mol m−3 s−1 rads, rdes Rates of adsorption, of desorption — Sk, i Selectivity of product k with respect to reactant i — sk, i Instantaneous selectivity of product k with respect to reactant i — Se Semenov number — Sc Schmidt number — Sh Sherwood number — T, Tb, Ts Temperature, bulk temperature, surface temperature K t, tc, tD, tr, tm, tmx, tax, tD, ax, tD, rad Time, characteristic cooling time, diffusion time, reaction time, mass transfer time, mixing time, axial dispersion time, axial molecular diffusion time, radial diffusion time s Mean residence time s U Overall heat transfer coefficient W m−2 K−1 Ui Internal energy J Uv Overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient W m−3 K−1 u, ub, u(r), uG, uL Superficial velocity, velocity of gas bubble (slug), velocity at radial position r, superficial flow velocity of gas phase, superficial velocity of liquid phase m s−1 V, VR Volume, internal (reaction) volume m3 Volumetric flow rate m3 s−1 W Width m , , Rate of work done, by flow, by shaft J s−1 X Conversion — Yk, i Yield of product k with respect to reactant i — Z Dimensionless length — z Length m Greek symbols α Thermal diffusivity m2 s−1 Prater number — δ(z) Dirac pulse — Film thickness, catalytic layer or boundary layer m γ Arrhenius number — Shear rate s−1 Δ Symbol of difference — ΔG Gibbs free energy J...