
Mainframe Computer Systems
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Content
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgement
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- General Electric Co. Computers
- Chapter One
- 1.1 The ERMA Project
- 1.1.1 In the Beginning
- 1.1.2 The Contract
- 1.1.3 Selecting the Vendor
- 1.1.4 Operation
- 1.2 GE-100 System Architecture
- 1.3 GE-100 Peripherals
- 1.4 GE-115
- Chapter Two
- 2.1 GE-205 and GE-210
- 2.1.1 GE-205 Computer System
- 2.1.2 GE-210 Computer System
- 2.2 GE-225
- 2.2.1 GE-225 System Configuration
- 2.2.2 Central Processing Unit
- 2.2.1.1 GE-225 Control Console
- 2.2.1.2 Registers
- 2.2.1.3 Instruction Execution
- 2.2.3 Main Memory
- 2.2.4 Auxiliary Arithmetic Unit
- 2.2.4.1 Operating Modes
- 2.2.4.2 AAU Registers
- 2.2.5 Concurrent Operation
- 2.2.6 Instruction Set
- 2.2.7 Interrupts
- 2.2.7.1 Priority Interrupts
- 2.2.7.2 Automatic Program Interrupt
- 2.2.8 GE 215
- 2.3 GE-225 System Peripherals
- 2.3.1 Paper Tape Reader-Punch
- 2.3.2 Card Reader and Card Punch
- 2.3.3 Controller Selector
- 2.3.4 Magnetic Tape Subsystem
- 2.3.4.1 Magnetic Tape Controller
- 2.3.4.2 MTC Registers
- 2.3.4.3 Magnetic Tape Handler
- 2.4.4.4. Checking Features
- 2.4.4.5 Magnetic Tape Characteristics
- 2.4.4.6 Programming Magnetic Tape Operations
- 2.4.4.7 Tape Movement Instructions
- 2.4.4.8 Tape Interrogation Instructions
- 2.3.5 High Speed Printer
- 2.3.6 Disc Storage Unit
- 2.3.7 Document Sorter
- 2.3.8 DATANET-15
- 2.3.9 Manual Peripheral Switch Control Unit
- 2.4 GE-225 System Software
- 2.4.1 GECOM
- 2.4.2 COBOL
- 2.4.3 ALGOL
- 2.4.4 TABSOL
- 2.4.4.1 Decision Table Basics
- 2.4.4.2 TABSOL Decision Table Preprocessor
- 2.4.4.3 TABSOL Assessment
- 2.4.5 Report Writer
- 2.4.6 FORTRAN II/IV
- 2.4.7 WIZOR
- 2.4.8 General Assembly Program
- 2.4.9 Subroutine Libraries
- 2.4.10 BRIDGE II
- 2.5 GE-235
- 2.5.1 GE-235 Central Processor
- 2.5.2 Storage Section
- 2.5.3 Arithmetic Section
- 2.5.4 Control Section
- 2.5.5 Auxiliary Arithmetic Unit
- 2.5.5.1 Operating Modes
- 2.5.5.2 AAU Registers
- 2.5.6 AAU Instruction Set
- 2.5.6.1 General Instructions
- 2.5.6.2 Arithmetic Operations
- 2.5.6.3 Test and Branch Instructions
- 2.6 Selector Channels
- 2.7 GE-235 Instruction Set
- 2.7.1 Arithmetic Instructions
- 2.7.2 Memory Transfers
- 2.7.3 Shift Instructions
- 2.7.4 Branch Instructions
- 2.7.5 Register Modification
- 2.8 GE-235 Peripherals
- 2.8.1 Punched Card Equipment
- 2.8.2 Magnetic Tape Subsystem
- 2.8.2.1 MTC Error Checking
- 2.8.2.2 MTC Registers
- 2.8.2.3 Control Switches
- 2.8.2.4 Magnetic Tape Handler
- 2.8.2.5 Magnetic Tape
- 2.8.3 Disc Storage Unit
- 2.8.4 Peripheral Switch Console
- 2.9 DATANET Communications Processors
- 2.10 GE-250
- 2.11 GE-265 Time-sharing System
- 2.11.1 Communications Hardware
- 2.11.2 Remote Terminals
- Chapter Three
- 3.1 DN-30 System Architecture
- 3.1.1 Central Processor
- 3.1.2 Main Memory
- 3.1.3 Buffer Selector
- 3.1.4 Bit Buffer Unit Module
- 3.1.5 Character/Word Buffer Unit
- 3.1.6 Computer Interface Unit
- 3.1.7 Page Control Logic Unit
- 3.1.8 System Bus
- 3.1.9 I/O Multiplexor
- 3.2 I/O Channels
- 3.3 DN-30 Operation
- 3.4 DN-30 Instruction Set
- 3.4.1 Load and Store Instructions
- 3.4.2 Arithmetic Instructions
- 3.4.3 Logical Instructions
- 3.4.4 Register Transfer Instructions
- 3.4.5 Branch Instructions
- 3.4.6 Special Instructions
- 3.4.7 Buffer Selector Instructions
- 3.5 DATANET Assessment
- Chapter Four
- 4.1 DN-30 Operation
- 4.2 GE-235 Operation
- 4.3 System Software
- 4.3.1 Concept of Operations
- 4.3.2 DN-30 Executive
- 4.3.2.1 Scheduling
- 4.3.2.2 Job Priority Levels
- 4.3.3 GE-235 Executive
- 4.3.3 Catalogs
- 4.3.4 Editor
- 4.4 GE-265 Assessment
- Chapter Five
- 5.1 GE-312
- 5.1.1 Applications of the GE-312
- 5.1.2 Brief Overview of the GE-312
- 5.2 GE-412
- 5.2.1 GE-412 System Architecture
- 5.2.2. Central Processor Architecture
- 5.2.2.1 Arithmetic Registers
- 5.2.2.2 Control Registers
- 5.2.2.3 Address Modification
- 5.2.2.4 Real-time Clock
- 5.2.2.5 Automatic Program Interrupts
- 5.2.2.6 Variable Timing Control for Programs
- 5.2.2.7 Operator Console
- 5.2.3 Program and Maintenance Console
- 5.2.4 Main Memory
- 5.2.5 Magnetic Drum Storage
- 5.2.6 Peripheral Equipment
- 5.2.6.1 Scanner-Distributor
- 5.2.6.2 Fast Digital Scanner
- 5.2.6.3 Digital Data Accumulator
- 5.2.6.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter
- 5.3 Software Development Aids
- 5.3.1 General Assembly Program
- 5.3.2 The General Compiler
- 5.4 GE-312/412 Instruction Set
- 5.4.1 Data Transfer and Arithmetic Instructions
- 5.4.2 Register Manipulation Instructions
- 5.4.3 Logical Instructions
- 5.4.4 Shift Instructions
- 5.4.5 Unconditional branch Instructions
- 5.4.6 conditional branch Instructions
- 5.4.7 Automatic Address Modification Instruction
- 5.4.8 Real-Time Instructions
- 5.4.9 Magnetic Drum Transfer Instructions
- 5.4.10 Automatic Program Interrupt Instructions
- 5.4.11 Miscellaneous Instructions
- 5.4.12 Unit Record Peripheral I/O Instructions
- 5.4.13 Other Peripherals Instructions
- 5.5 GE-412 System Software
- 5.6 GE-412 Assessment
- Chapter Six
- 6.1 GE-400 Series System Architecture
- 6.1.1 GE-435 Central Processor
- 6.1.2 The Processor Channel
- 6.1.2.1 Processor Status Control Word
- 6.1.2.2 Program Interrupt Words
- 6.1.3 Memory
- 6.1.4 I/O Control Section
- 6.1.4.1 Executing Control Functions
- 6.1.5 Direct Access Package
- 6.1.6 1401 Emulator
- 6.2 System Console and Peripherals
- 6.3 GE-4xx Instruction Set
- 6.3.1 Single Addresses
- 6.3.2 Two Addresses
- 6.3.3 Data Movement
- 6.3.4 Shift Instructions
- 6.3.3 Arithmetic Instructions
- 6.3.4 Compare Instructions
- 6.3.5 Branch Instructions
- 6.3.6 Logic Instructions
- 6.3.7 Fixed Index Word Instructions
- 6.3.8 Accumulator Instructions
- 6.3.9 Special Purpose Instructions
- 6.3.10 Peripheral Instructions
- 6.4 GE-400 Peripherals
- 6.4.1 CR-20 Card Reader
- 6.4.2 CP-10 Card Punch
- 6.4.3 PR-20 Printer
- 6.4.4 Magnetic Tape Subsystems
- 6.4.5 TS-20 Perforated Tape Reader/Punch
- 6.4.6 DS-20 Disc Storage Subsystem
- 6.4.6.1 DSU Controller
- 6.4.6.2 Electronics and File Units
- 6.4.6.3 Programming the DS-20
- 6.4.6.4 Status Data
- 6.4.7 MR-20 Magnetic Record Reader/Sorter
- 6.4.8 Data Communications Units
- 6.5 GE-400 Time-sharing System
- 6.6 GE-400 Series Software
- 6.6.1 Magnetic Tape Processing System
- 6.6.2 Disc Processing System
- 6.6.3 Direct Access Processing System
- 6.6.4 Macro Assembly Program
- 6.6.4.1 Instruction Format
- 6.6.4.2 Assembler Phase I
- 6.7 GE-400 Series Assessment
- Chapter Seven
- 7.1 The GE-600 Genesis
- 7.2 GE-600 System Architecture
- 7.2.1 Memory Module
- 7.2.2 Processor Module
- 7.2.2.1 Registers
- 7.2.2.2 Processor Indicators
- 7.2.2.3 Operation Overlapping
- 7.2.2.4 Memory Protection
- 7.2.2.5 Interrupt Procedure
- 7.2.3 I/O Control Module
- 7.2.3.1 Micro-Program Generator
- 7.2.3.2 I/O Processor (IOP)
- 7.2.4 Peripheral Subsystems
- 7.3 GE-615
- 7.4 GE-625
- 7.5 GE-600 Assessment
- Chapter Eight
- 8.1 GE-635 System Architecture
- 8.1.1 Instruction Fetching
- 8.1.2 Memory Protection
- 8.1.3 Master Mode Operation
- 8.1.4 Interrupt Execution
- 8.1.5 Multiple Adders
- 8.1.6 Faults
- 8.1.6.1 Instruction-Generated Faults
- 8.1.6.2 Program-Generated Faults
- 8.1.6.3 Hardware-Generated Faults
- 8.1.6.4 Manually-Generated Faults
- 8.1.7 Interval Timer
- 8.2 Instruction Set Architecture
- 8.2.1 Address Modification
- 8.2.2 Data Movement Instructions
- 8.2.3 Shifting Instructions
- 8.2.4 Fixed Point Arithmetic Instructions
- 8.2.5 Boolean Instructions
- 8.2.6 Comparison Instructions
- 8.2.7 Floating Point Load and Store
- 8.2.8 Floating Point Arithmetic Operations
- 8.2.9 Transfer of Control
- 8.2.10 Miscellaneous Operations
- 8.2.11 Special Operations
- 8.2.12 Master Mode Operations
- 8.3 I/O Controller
- 8.4 Peripheral Equipment Subsystems
- 8.5 GE-600 Series Assessment
- Chapter Nine
- 9.1 Design Concepts
- 9.2 System Summary
- 9.3 System Controller Module
- 9.3.1 Core Storage
- 9.3.2 Connect Signals
- 9.3.3 Interrupt Cells
- 9.3.4 System Clock
- 9.4 Processor Modules
- 9.4.1 Processor Features
- 9.4.2 Operating Modes
- 9.4.3 Processor Registers
- 9.2.3 GIOC Module
- 9.2.4 Extended Memory Module
- 9.5 Instruction Set
- 9.5.1 Address Modification
- 9.5.2 New Instructions
- 9.6 GE-645 Enhancements
- 9.6.1. I/O System
- 9.6.2 Segmentation and Paging
- 9.6.3 Segmentation
- 9.6.4 Descriptors
- 9.6.5 Base Registers
- 9.6.6 Indirect Transfer to Segments
- 9.6.7 Shared Segments
- 9.6.8 Paging
- 9.6.9 The Segment Descriptor Word
- 9.6.10 Paged Descriptor Segment
- 9.6.11 Associative Memory
- 9.7 New Mode of Procedure Execution
- 9.8 System Console
- 9.9 Generalized I/O Controller
- 9.9.1 GIOC Mailboxes
- 9.9.2 GIOC Control Words
- 9.9.3 Channels
- 9.9.4 Data Channels
- 9.9.5 List Channels
- 9.9.6 Connect Channel
- 9.9.7 Status Channels
- 9.9.8 Adapters
- 9.9.9 Status Events
- 9.9.10 Initializing Data Channel Operation
- 9.10 System Configuration Console
- 9.11 Peripheral Equipment
- 9.11.1 Disc Storage Subsystem
- 9.11.2 Magnetic Drum Storage System
- 9.11.3 Mass Storage Subsystem
- 9.11.4 Magnetic Tape Subsystem
- 9.11.5 Peripheral Switch Console
- 9.11.6 Terminal Equipment
- 9.12 The Multics Operating System
- 9.13 GE-655
- Chapter Ten
- 10.1 User Interaction
- 10.2 DTSS Structure
- 10.3 The End of the First Generation
- 10.4 The Second Generation
- 10.5 DTSS Assessment
- Chapter Eleven
- 11.1 The Goals for BASIC
- 11.2 The Basics of BASIC
- 11.2.1 The First Dartmouth Version
- 11.2.2 Further Versions of BASIC
- 11.3 The Mark II/III Basic Language
- 11.3.1 A Complete BASIC Program
- 11.3.2 Essential BASIC Statements
- 11.3.3 Enhanced BASIC Statements
- 11.4 The Success of BASIC
- 11.5 Assessment of BASIC
- Chapter Twelve
- 12.1 GECOS Structure
- 12.1.1 Input Media Conversion
- 12.1.2 Allocation
- 12.1.3 Monitor
- 12.1.4 Termination
- 12.1.5 Output Media Conversion
- 12.1.6 Roadblock AND FORCED RELINQUISH
- 12.1.7 Dispatcher
- 12.2 GEMME
- 12.2.1 GEMME Calls
- 12.2.2 Requests For Service
- 12.2.3 Multiprogramming
- 12.3 General I/O Supervisor
- 12.3.1 GEINOS
- 12.3.1.1 Data Control Word
- 12.3.1.2 GEINOS Device Commands
- 12.3.1.3 Return Status
- 12.3.2 I/O Operation Execution
- 12.3.2.1 GESYOT
- 12.3.2.2 GEEPR
- 12.3.2.3 GEFALT
- 12.4 GEFLOW
- 12.5 General File Record Control
- 12.6 General Loader
- 12.6.1 Overlays
- 12.7 General Remote Terminal Supervisor
- 12.8 GECOS Control Cards
- 12.9 GECOS Assessment
- Chapter Thirteen
- 13.1 GEM
- 13.1.1 Symbol Types
- 13.1.2 Expressions
- 13.1.3 Address Modification
- 13.1.4 Pseudo-Operations
- 13.1.4.1 Control Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.2 Location Counter Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.3 Symbol-Defining Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.4 Data Generating Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.5 Storage Allocation Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.6 Conditional Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.7 Special Word Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.8 Tally Pseudo-operations
- 13.1.4.9 Repeat Pseudo-operations
- 13.2 Integrated Data Store
- 13.2.1 IDS Requirements
- 13.2.2 Data Organization
- 13.2.3 Data and Procedural Language
- 13.2.3.1 Procedural Commands
- 13.2.3.2 IDS Retrieval Rules
- 13.2.4 I/O Controller
- 13.3 IDS Assessment
- Chapter Fourteen
- 14.1 Accessing the Service
- 14.1.1 Signing On
- 14.1.2 Entering a Program
- 14.1.3 Signing Off
- 14.2 Data Files
- 14.3 Program Libraries
- 14.4 System Communication
- 14.5 Time-sharing Applications
- Chapter Fifteen
- Ezercises for the Reader
- Glossary
- References
- Index
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