
Birthing the Computer
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Content
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Acknowledgement
- Introduction
- Part I: Magnetic Drum Machines
- Chapter One
- 1.1 650 System Architecture
- 1.1.1 Magnetic Drum Memory
- 1.1.2 Arithmetic Unit
- 1.1.3 IBM 650 Self-Checking
- 1.1.4 IBM 650 Console
- 1.1.5 Magnetic Tape Units
- 1.1.6 IBM 652 Control Unit
- 1.1.7 IBM 653 High-Speed Core Storage Unit
- 1.1.8 IBM 407 Accounting Machine
- 1.2 IBM 650 Instruction Set
- 1.2.1 I/O Instructions
- 1.2.2 Arithmetic Instructions
- 1.2.3 Shifting Instructions
- 1.2.4 Branching Instructions
- 1.2.5 Table Lookup Instruction
- 1.2.6 Miscellaneous Instructions
- 1.2.7 Index Accumulator Instructions
- 1.2.8 Index Accumulator Operations Instructions
- 1.2.9 Floating Point Instructions
- 1.2.10 IAS Instruction
- 1.3 IBM 650 Programming
- 1.4 Symbolic Assembly
- 1.5 IBM 650 RAMAC
- 1.6 IBM 650 Assessment
- Chapter Two
- 2.1 LGP-30 System Architecture
- 2.2 LGP-30 Instruction Set
- 2.3 The Story of Mel
- 2.4 LGP-30 Assessment
- 2.5 The LGP-21
- 2.5.1 LGP-21 System
- 2.5.2 LGP-21 Memory
- 2.5.3 LGP-21 Control Registers
- 2.6 LGP-21 Instruction Set
- 2.7 Timing and Optimization
- 2.8 LGP-21 Assessment
- Chapter Three
- 3.1 Bendix G-15
- 3.2 G-15 System Configuration
- 3.2.1 Short Lines
- 3.2.2 Registers
- 3.2.3 Command Lines
- 3.2.4 I/O System
- 3.3 G-15 Instruction Set
- 3.3.1 Special Values for S/D Fields
- 3.3.2 Special Instructions
- 3.4 Peripheral Devices
- 3.4.1 Magnetic Tape MTA-2
- 3.4.2 Digital Differential Analyzer DA-1
- 3.4.3 Graph Plotter PA-3
- 3.4.4 Punched Card Coupler CA-1/CA-2
- 3.4.5 Universal Code Accessory AN-1
- 3.5 Programming Languages
- 3.5.1 ALGO
- 3.5.2 Intercom 1000
- 3.5.3 Sample G-15 Program
- 3.6 Tracking Station Application
- 3.7 G-15 Assessment
- Further Reading
- Exercises for the Reader
- Part II: Core Memory Machines
- Chapter Four
- 4.1 BIZMAC System Architecture
- 4.2 BIZMAC I/O System
- 4.3 Data Representation
- 4.4 BIZMAC Instruction Set
- 4.5 BIZMAC Assessment
- Chapter Five
- 5.1 Atlas System Architecture
- 5.1.1 Central Processor
- 5.1.2 Program Control
- 5.1.3 Storage Hierarchy
- 5.1.4 Virtual Storage
- 5.2 Peripherals
- 5.3 Atlas Instruction Set
- 5.3.1 Floating Point Arithmetic Instructions
- 5.3.2 Indexing Operations
- 5.3.3 Atlas Branching Instructions
- 5.3.4 Atlas Shifting Instructions
- 5.3.5 Atlas Odd/Even test Instructions
- 5.3.6 Atlas B-test Register Instructions
- 5.3.7 Atlas Instruction Example
- 5.4 Atlas Programming
- 5.5 The Atlas Supervisor
- 5.5.1 Structure of the Atlas Supervisor
- 5.5.2 Job Structure
- 5.5.3 Programs
- 5.5.4 Process Control
- 5.5.5 Interrupt Handling
- 5.5.6 Atlas Supervisor Assessment
- 5.6 Atlas 2
- 5.6.1 Atlas 2 Central Processor
- 5.6.2 Atlas 2 Memory
- 5.6.3 Magnetic Tape
- 5.6.4 Magnetic Disc Files
- 5.7 The Atlas 2 Supervisor
- 5.7.1 Interrupt Routines
- 5.7.2 Supervisor Extracode Routines
- 5.7.3 Extended Interrupt Routines
- 5.7.4 Object Programs
- 5.7.5 Error Conditions
- 5.8 Atlas Assessment
- Chapter Six
- 6.1 JOHNNIAC System Architecture
- 6.2 JOHNNIAC System Configuration
- 6.3 JOHNNIAC Instruction Set
- 6.3.1 Conditional Transfer Orders
- 6.3.2 Transfer Orders
- 6.3.3 Add Orders
- 6.3.4 Multiply Operations
- 6.3.5 Division Orders
- 6.3.6 Store Orders
- 6.3.7 Register Movement Orders
- 6.3.8 Shift Orders
- 6.3.9 Input/Output Orders
- 6.3.10 Drum Orders
- 6.3.11 Logical Product Orders
- 6.3.12 Control Orders
- 6.4 JOHNNIAC Operation
- 6.5 JOSS
- 6.5.1 JOSS Structure
- 6.5.2 JOSS Remote Console
- 6.5.3 JOSS Implementation
- 6.6 JOHNNIAC Assessment
- Further Reading
- Exercises for the Reader
- Part III: Transistor Machines
- Chapter Seven
- 7.1 Solid State Computer Architecture
- 7.1.1 SSC Central Processor
- 7.1.2 Magnetic Drum
- 7.1.3 Operator's Console
- 7.2 SSC80/SSC90 Instructions
- 7.2.1 Executing an Instruction
- 7.2.2 Arithmetic Instructions
- 7.2.3 Transfer Instructions
- 7.2.4 Logical and Shift Instructions
- 7.2.5 Comparison Instructions
- 7.2.6 Translate Instructions
- 7.2.7 SS80 Printer Control Instructions
- 7.2.8 Card Reader Control Instructions
- 7.3 SSC Peripherals
- 7.4 Solid State Computer System Software
- 7.4.1 FLOW-MATIC
- 7.5 SSC Assessment
- Chapter Eight
- 8.1 UNIVAC 418-I
- 8.2 UNIVAC 418 System Architecture
- 8.3 Instruction Format
- 8.3.1 Type I Instructions
- 8.3.2 Type II Instructions
- 8.3.3 Type III Instructions
- 8.4 System Software
- 8.5 UNIVAC 418-II
- 8.6 UNIVAC 418-III
- 8.6.1 UNIVAC 418-III System Architecture
- 8.6.2 Command/Arithmetic Unit (CAU)
- 8.6.3 Main Storage
- 8.6.4 I/O Modules (IOMs)
- 8.6.5 Magnetic Drums
- 8.6.6 Attached Processors
- 8.6.7 Communications Systems
- 8.6.8 Unit Record Peripherals
- 8.7 UNIVAC 418 System Software
- 8.7.1 RTOS Executive
- 8.7.2 Programming Languages
- 8.7.3 System Applications
- 8.8 UNIVAC 418-III Application
- 8.8 UNIVAC 418 Assessment
- Chapter Nine
- 9.1 UNIVAC 494
- 9.1 System Architecture
- 9.1.1 Central Processor
- 9.1.2 Memory
- 9.1.3 I/O System
- 9.1.4 Communications Handling
- 9.1.5 Transfer Switch
- 9.2 Instruction Set
- 9.2.1 Shift Instructions
- 9.2.2 UNIVAC 494 Transfer Instructions
- 9.2.3 Arithmetic Instructions
- 9.2.4 Logical Instructions
- 9.2.5 Comparison Instructions
- 9.2.6 Jump Instructions
- 9.2.7 Sequence Modifying Instructions
- 9.2.8 I/O Instructions
- 9.3 Peripherals
- 9.3.1 Magnetic Drums
- 9.3.2 Magnetic Tape Subsystem
- 9.3.3 Operator's Console
- 9.3.4 High-Speed Printer Subsystem
- 9.4 UNIVAC 490/494 System Software
- 9.4.1 Primary Input Stream
- 9.4.2 Input Cooperative
- 9.4.3 Programming Languages
- 9.5 UNIVAC 490/494 Assessment
- Chapter Ten
- 10.1 TX-0 System Architecture
- 10.1.1 TX-0 Registers
- 10.1.2 Toggle Switch Storage
- 10.1.3 Main Memory
- 10.2 TX-0 Instructions
- 10.2.1 TX-0 Operate Instructions
- 10.2.2 Combining Instructions
- 10.2.3 Modified Instruction Set
- 10.3 Operating Modes
- 10.4 TX-0 I/O Equipment
- 10.5 FLIT
- 10.6 TX-1
- 10.7 TX-2
- 10.7.1 TX-2 System Architecture
- 10.8 TX-0 and TX-2 Assessment
- Chapter Eleven
- 11.1 Philco 1000
- 11.1.1 Philco 1000 Central Processor
- 11.1.2 Philco 1000 System Architecture
- 11.1.3 Instruction Set
- 11.2 Philco TRANSAC S-2000
- 11.3 TRANSAC S-2000 System Architecture
- 11.3.1 Secondary Memory
- 11.4 TRANSAC S-2000 Instruction Set
- 11.4.1 Program Control
- 11.4.2 Instruction Control
- 11.4.3 Algorithm Control
- 11.4.4 Floating Point Control
- 11.4.5 Memory Cycle Control
- 11.5 Philco 212
- 11.5.1 Control Unit
- 11.5.2 Instruction Unit
- 11.5.3 Index Unit
- 11.5.4 Arithmetic Unit
- 11.5.5 Store Unit
- 11.5.6 I/O Subsystem
- 11.5.7 Real-Time System
- 11.5.8 Philco 212 Instruction Set
- 11.6 Operating System 32KSYS
- 11.7 TRANSAC S-2000 Software
- 11.8 Philco 2400 Input/Output System
- 11.8.1 Philco 2400 System Architecture
- 11.8.2 Executive Control
- 11.8.3 Program Control
- 11.8.4 Arithmetic Element
- 11.8.5 Main Memory
- 11.8.6 Operator Control Panel
- 11.8.7 Philco 2400 Instruction Set
- 11.8.8 I/O Operations
- 11.8.9 Internal Operations
- 11.8.10 Arithmetic Operations
- 11.8.11 Philco 2400 I/O Devices
- 11.9 Assessment of the Philco Machines
- Chapter Twelve
- 12.1 Bendix G-20 System Architecture
- 12.1.1 Arithmetic Unit
- 12.1.2 Registers
- 12.1.3 Core Memory
- 12.1.4 Interrupts
- 12.2 Instruction Set Architecture
- 12.2.1 Add/Subtract Operations and Tests
- 12.2.2 Logic Operations and Tests
- 12.2.3 Repeated Commands
- 12.2.4 Multiply/Divide
- 12.2.5 Storage Operations
- 12.2.6 Index Operations
- 12.2.7 Control Operations
- 12.2.8 I/O Operations
- 12.2.9 Bus Register Operations
- 12.3 I/O System
- 12.4 G-21 Dual Processor
- 12.4.1 G-21 Software
- 12.5 Bendix G-20 Assessment
- Chapter Thirteen
- 13.1 PB250 System Architecture
- 13.1.1 Central Processor
- 13.1.2 Main Memory
- 13.1.3 Flexowriter
- 13.1.4 Other I/O Devices
- 13.1.5 HYCOMP 250
- 13.2 PB250 Commands
- 13.2.1 Class I Commands
- 13.2.2 Class II Commands
- 13.2.3 Class III Commands
- 13.2.4 Class IV Commands
- 13.2.5 Sequence Tag
- 13.3 Packard Bell 440
- 13.3.1 PB440 System Architecture
- 13.3.2 Memory System
- 13.3.3 I/O System
- 13.3.4 PB440 Programming
- 13.4 PB440 Micro Instruction Format
- 13.5 Packard Bell Assessment
- Further Reading
- Exercises for the Reader
- Appendix A: Glossary
- References
- Index
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