Information, Technology, and Innovation
Description
With all of the recent emphasis on "big data," analytics andvisualization, and emerging technology architectures such assmartphone networks, social media, and cloud computing, the way wedo business is undergoing rapid change. The right business modelcan create overnight sensations--think of Groupon, the iPad,or Facebook. At the same time, alternative models for organizingresources such as home schooling, Linux, or Kenya's Ushihidi tooltranscend conventional business designs. Timely and visionary,Information, Technology, and the Future of Commerce looks athow the latest technology trends and their impact on human behaviorare impacting business practices from recruitment throughmarketing, supply chains, and customer service.
* Discusses information economics, human behavior, technologyplatforms, and other facts of contemporary life
* Examines how humans organize resources and do work in thechanging landscape
* Provides case studies profiling how competitive advantage canbe a direct result of innovative business models that exploit thesetrends
Revealing why traditional strategy formulation is challenged bythe realities of the connected world, Information, Technology,and the Future of Commerce ties technology to business andsocial environments in an approachable, informed manner withinnovative, big-picture analysis of what's taking place now ininformation strategy and technology.
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Content
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
Section I Foundations 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
Cognition 4
Innovation 6
The Macro Picture 8
Earthquakes Every Year 11
Themes 18
We've Seen This Movie Before 21
Notes 23
Chapter 2 Demographics 25
Is There a "Net Generation"? 26
Digital Natives 28
Millennials at Work 29
Behavior and Expectations 30
Looking Ahead 30
Notes 33
Chapter 3 Behavioral Economics 35
Challenges to Economic Man 35
Behavioral Economics in a Networked Age 37
Looking Ahead 40
Notes 41
Chapter 4 Information Economics 43
Information Goods 44
Pricing Information: Versioning and Bundling 46
Network Effects 48
Lock-in 49
Looking Ahead 50
Notes 55
Chapter 5 Platforms 57
Strategic Levers 60
Looking Ahead 63
Notes 63
Chapter 6 Power Laws and Their Implications 65
A Bit of History 65
Long-Tail Successes 67
Cautionary Tales 67
Facts of Life 68
Implications 69
Looking Ahead 70
Notes 71
Chapter 7 Security and Risk 73
Landscape 73
Information Space Is Neither Average nor Normal 75
People Systematically Misestimate Risk 76
Doing It Right 77
Looking Ahead 81
Notes 81
Section II Work and Organization 83
Chapter 8 A Brief History of Organizational Innovation 85
1776: Division of Labor 85
1860-1890: Railroads and the Rise of Administration 86
1910: Scientific Management and the Further Division of Labor 87
1930s: Alfred Sloan at General Motors 88
1937-1981: Transaction Costs 88
1980s: Economies of Scope and Core Competencies 89
1995: Linux as "Commons-Based Peer Production" 90
2000: Offshore 91
Looking Ahead 91
Notes 92
Chapter 9 Firms, Ecosystems, and Collaboratives 93
Emerging Nonfirm Models 93
Distributed Capital 98
Looking Ahead 100
Notes 101
Chapter 10 Government 103
The Biggest Employer 104
Government Hiring at a Crossroads 107
Inevitable Downsizing 108
Government on the Technology Landscape 110
Looking Ahead 112
Notes 113
Chapter 11 Crowds 115
Crowdsourcing: Group Effort 115
Information Markets and Other Crowd Wisdom 119
Varieties of Market Experience 122
Looking Ahead 123
Notes 124
Chapter 12 Mobility 127
Bottom Up 127
Search Costs 130
Supply Chain Efficiency 130
Mobile Phone Industry Impact 131
Risk Mitigation 132
Apps for Change 133
Looking Ahead 136
Notes 137
Chapter 13 Work 139
The Big Picture: Macro Trends 139
Where 141
Outputs 143
Skills 144
Work 146
Looking Ahead 149
Notes 150
Chapter 14 Productivity 153
Classic Productivity Definitions 154
Services Productivity 155
Services Productivity and Information Technology 156
Information Technology and Unemployment 158
Looking Ahead 159
Notes 160
Section III Business Model Disruption 161
Chapter 15 Business Model Overview 163
Definition 164
Changing Minds, Changing Models 165
Disruptive Innovation 166
Disruptive Innovation as Paradigm Shift 168
Looking Ahead 168
Notes 169
Chapter 16 Data and Communications 171
Evolution of the Incumbent Business Model, 1877-1996 171
Business Model Disruption, 1996-2010 174
Implications of "Stupid" Networks 177
Looking Ahead 178
Notes 178
Chapter 17 Software Business Models 179
Incumbent Model Pre-2000 179
Business Model Disruption after 1998 181
Looking Ahead 187
Notes 188
Chapter 18 Music Business Models 189
Incumbent Model Pre-2000 189
Business Model Disruption Pre-Napster 192
Business Model Disruption Post-Napster 194
Looking Ahead 197
Notes 198
Chapter 19 News 199
Incumbent Formula Pre-2005 199
Business Model Disruption 203
Looking Ahead 205
Notes 207
Chapter 20 Healthcare 209
Definitions 210
Healthcare as Car Repair for People? 211
Following the Money 212
Where Information Technology Can and Cannot Help 214
Disruptive Innovation 216
Looking Ahead 219
Notes 220
Chapter 21 Two Disruptions that Weren't 221
Retail 221
Real Estate 227
Notes 229
Section IV Technology Landscapes 231
Chapter 22 Code 233
Intangibility 234
Fungibility 235
Code Embeds Value Judgments 236
Metadata 237
Social Metadata 238
Looking Ahead 240
Notes 241
Chapter 23 Sensors 243
Historical Roots 243
Ubiquity 244
Current Examples 246
Phones as Sensors 249
Looking Ahead 250
Notes 251
Chapter 24 The Internet and Other Networks 253
Legacy Telecom Network Principles 254
Defense Origins of the Internet 255
Internet Principles 257
Consequences of Internet Principles 259
Looking Ahead 260
Notes 260
Chapter 25 Location Awareness 263
Variations on a Theme 265
Landmarks 266
Location, Mobility, and Identity 268
Looking Ahead 270
Notes 270
Chapter 26 Clouds 271
Both Technical and Economic Innovation 272
Cloud Computing and the Enterprise 273
The Cloud Will Change How
Resources Are Organized 275
Practical Considerations 276
Looking Ahead 278
Notes 278
Chapter 27 Wireless 281
Precedents 281
The Breakthrough 286
Looking Ahead 289
Notes 290
Chapter 28 Search 291
Why Search Matters: Context 291
The Wide Reach of Search 294
Valuing Search 296
Looking Ahead 297
Notes 301
Chapter 29 Analytics 303
Why Now? 304
Practical Considerations: Why Analytics Is Still Hard 308
Looking Ahead 309
Notes 310
Chapter 30 Information Visualization 311
Supply 311
Demand 311
Audience 312
Definition and Purpose 312
Current State 313
Looking Ahead 316
Notes 317
Section V Some Big Questions 319
Chapter 31 Identity and Privacy 321
Privacy 322
Scale 323
Invisibility 325
Identity 326
Looking Ahead 327
Notes 329
Chapter 32 Communications and Relationships 331
Connections 331
Networks 336
Creation 340
Looking Ahead 341
Notes 342
Chapter 33 Place, Space, and Time 343
Virtuality 345
Organizations 346
Automata 347
Implications 348
Looking Ahead 349
Notes 350
Chapter 34 Conflict 351
Warfare between Nation-States 351
Non-Nation-State Actors 353
Emerging Offensive Weapons 357
Looking Ahead 358
Notes 359
Chapter 35 Innovation 361
Amazon 361
Crowds 367
Looking Ahead 369
Notes 370
Chapter 36 Information, Technology, and Innovation 371
Macro Issues 371
Globalization 372
Strategy 373
Organizations 380
Marketing 381
Supply Chains 385
The IT Shop 386
Implications 387
The Last Word . . . 388
Notes 388
About the Author 391
Index 393
