
A New Divinity
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This is a study on Reformed theological debates during the »Long Eighteenth Century« in Britain and New England. By »Long« a period that goes beyond 1700-1799 is in view. This examination begins just before the eighteenth century by looking at the Neonomian-Antinomian debate in the 1690s. This is followed by the Marrow Controversy in Scotland in the eighteenth century. After that, the authors address the ecclesiological debates between George Whitefield and the Erskines. The doctrine of free choice concerning Edwards and his departure from classical Reformed orthodoxy is highlighted next, followed by reflections on the Edwardseans and the atonement. Returning to Britain again, the volume provides a study on hyper-Calvinism, and on eschatological differences among key figures in the eighteenth century. More specific debates in particular Baptist circles are noted, including the battle over Sandemandianism and the Trinitarian battles fought by Andrew Fuller and others. Returning to ecclesiology, a discussion on the subscription controversy in Philadelphia in the early eighteenth century and an analysis of the debate about the nature of »revival« in New England close this volume.
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Content
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Table of Contents
- Body
- Editors' Introduction
- Mark Jones / D. Patrick Ramsey: 1. The Antinomian-Neonomian Controversy in Nonconforming England (c. 1690)
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Martin Luther's Contribution
- 1.3 Antinomianism in Puritan England
- 1.4 Antinomianism in New England
- 1.5 Nonconforming England
- 1.6 Daniel Williams and the Antinomian-Neonomian Debate
- 1.6.1 Justification
- 1.6.2 Faith in Justification
- 1.6.3 The Act of Justification
- 1.7 Conclusion
- William VanDoodewaard: 2. The Marrow Controversy
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 The Marrow Controversy (1718-1726)
- 2.3 Theological Contours of the Controversy
- 2.3.1 Preparationism versus Preparatory Grace
- 2.3.2 The relationship of saving faith and repentance
- 2.3.3 The Gospel Offer
- Ian Hugh Clary: 3. "A catholic spirit": George Whitefield's Dispute with the Erskines in Scotland
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 The Scottish Background
- 3.3 The Marrow Controversy
- 3.3.1 The Secession Crisis
- 3.4 Whitefield: Reformed and Anglican
- 3.4.1 Whitefield the Anglican
- 3.4.2 Whitefield and the "Calvinistical Scheme"
- 3.5 Whitefield and the Erskines: Friends then foes
- 3.5.1 George and Ralph: An Epistolary Friendship
- 3.5.2 "A Presbyter at large": An uneasy correspondence
- 3.5.3 "An open breach": Whitefield and the Erskines part ways
- 3.5.4 Differing interpretations
- 3.5.5 Scotland and the moderation of Whitefield
- 3.6 Conclusion
- HyunKwan Kim: 4. The Doctrine of Free Choice
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Reformed Doctrine of Free Choice in the Westminster Confession
- 4.3 Locke and Edwards on the Freedom of Will
- 4.3.1 Continuities between Locke and Edwards
- 4.3.2 Discontinuities between Locke and Edwards
- 4.3 Conclusion
- Daniel W. Cooley / Douglas A. Sweeney: 5. The Edwardseans and the Atonement
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 New Divinity Theology
- 5.3 Natural Ability and Moral Inability
- 5.4 Immediate Repentance
- 5.5 Imputation of Adam's Sin
- 5.6 Assessments of the New Divinity
- 5.7 Rise of the New England Theory of the Atonement
- 5.8 Universal Salvation
- 5.9 Jonathan Edwards Jr.'s Theory of the Atonement
- 5.10 Jonathan Edwards
- Paul Helm: 6. The "Modern Question": Hyper-Calvinism
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 The Doctrinal Background
- 6.3 The Arrival of Hyper-Calvinism
- 6.4 John Gill
- 6.5 The Hyper-Calvinist Mind-Set
- 6.6 Andrew Fuller's response
- 6.7 Conclusion
- Mark A. Herzer: 7. Eschatology: Spes Meliorum Temporum
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Seventeenth-Century Chiliasm
- 7.3 Eighteenth Century Eschatology
- 7.4 John Gill's Eschatology
- 7.4.1 Fifth Monarchy
- 7.4.2 The Reign of Christ in Three Stages
- 7.4.3 The Millennium
- 7.4.4 Israel
- 7.4.5 Two Resurrections
- 7.4.6 Analysis
- 7.5 Jonathan Edwards
- 7.5.1 Historicist Method
- 7.5.2 Latter Day Glory
- 7.5.3 Israel and Canaan
- 7.5.4 Millennium
- 7.6 Conclusion
- Nathan A. Finn: 8. The Particular Baptist Battle Over Sandemanianism
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Sandemanian Founders and Distinctives
- 8.3 Sandemanianism and the Baptists
- 8.4 Andrew Fuller and Sandemanianism
- 8.5 Fuller's Critique
- 8.6 Conclusion
- Michael A. G. Haykin: 9. Andrew Fuller and the Fading of the Trinitarian Imagination
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 The Particular Baptists: a Trinitarian community
- 9.3 The threat of Socinianism
- 9.4 Edward Sharman's attack on Fuller's Trinitarianism
- 9.5 Responding to Sharman?
- Scott Sealy: 10. Church Authority and Subscription in the Synod of Philadelphia (1721-1741)
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Background of the Initial Presbytery
- 10.3 The Question of the Synod's Authority
- 10.4 The Adopting Act
- 10.5 The Hemphill Case
- 10.6 Church Power and the 1741 Schism
- Paul Kjoss Helseth: 11. The Legacy of John Witherspoon and the Founding of Princeton Theological Seminary: Samuel Stanhope Smith, Ashbel Green, and the Contested Meaning of Enlightened Education
- 11.1 Introduction: A Seminary "Uncontaminated by the College"
- 11.2 Smith, Reid, and the Birth of the "Princeton Enlightenment"
- 11.3 Witherspoon, Green, and the Founding of Princeton Theological Seminary
- 11.4 Conclusion: A Word on the Enduring Essence of the Princeton Tradition
- Robert Smart: 12. Is Revival from God? The Great Awakening Debate Between Two Moderates
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 The Theological Nature of the Debate: The Central Question
- 12.3 The Four Main Answers to the Central Question
- 12.4 Edwards's Initial Defense, 1739-1742
- 12.5 Chauncy's Criticisms of Edwards's Defense
- 12.6 Edwards's Final Response to Chauncy's Criticisms
- 12.6.1 Affections: A Synthesis from the Antinomian Crisis of the 1630s
- 12.6.2 Experience: A Synthesis of External Behavior and Inward Experience
- 12.6.3 Assurance: A Synthesis of Faith and Obedience
- 12.7 Revival Apologetic Legacies and Conclusions
- About the Authors
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