Shell Scripting Recipes

Name: Shell Scripting Recipes | A Problem-Solution Approach
Brand: APress
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A Problem-Solution Approach

Chris Johnson Jayant Varma(Author)

APress

2nd Edition

Published on 23. October 2015

XXIII, 351 pages

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978-1-4842-0220-3 (ISBN)

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Content

Intro
Contents at a Glance
Contents
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: The POSIX Shell and Command-Line Utilities
Shell Commands
echo
printf
set
shift
type
getopts
case
eval
local
Parameters and Variables
Positional Parameters
Special Parameters
Shell Variables
standard-vars-A Collection of Useful Variables
Patterns
Pathname Expansion
Regular Expressions
Parameter Expansion
The Bourne Shell Expansions
${var:-DEFAULT}
${var:=DEFAULT}
${var:+VALUE}
${var:?MESSAGE}
POSIX Parameter Expansions
${#var}-Length of Variable's Contents
${var%PATTERN}-Remove the Shortest Match from the End
${var%%PATTERN}-Remove the Longest Match from the End
${var#PATTERN}-Remove the Shortest Match from the Beginning
${var##PATTERN}-Remove the Longest Match from the Beginning
Combining Expansions
Shell-Specific Expansions, bash2, and ksh93
${var//PATTERN/STRING}-Replace All Instances of PATTERN with STRING
${var:OFFSET:LENGTH}-Return a Substring of $var
Shell Arithmetic
Aliases
Sourcing a File
Functions
Functions Are Fast
Command Substitution Is Slow
Using the Functions in This Book
standard-funcs: A Collection of Useful Commands
1.1 get_key-Get a Single Keystroke from the User
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
1.2 getline-Prompt User to Enter a Line
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.3 press_any_key-Prompt for a Single Keypress
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.4 menu1-Print a Menu and Execute a Selected Command
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.5 arg-Prompt for Required Argument If None Supplied
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.6 die-Print Error Message and Exit with Error Status
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.7 show_date-Display Date in D[D] MMM YYYY Format
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.8 date_vars-Set Date and Time Variables
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.9 is_num-Is This a Positive Integer?
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
1.10 abbrev_num-Abbreviate Large Numbers
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
1.11 commas-Add Thousands Separators to a Number
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.12 pr1-Print Arguments, One to a Line
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.13 checkdirs-Check for Directories
Create If Necessary
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.14 checkfiles -Check That a Directory Contains Certain Files
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.15 zpad-Pad a Number with Leading Zeroes
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1.16 cleanup-Remove Temporary Files and Reset Terminal on Exit
How It Works
Usage
The Script
The Unix Utilities
cat: Concatenate Files to the Standard Output
sed: A Text Stream Editor
awk: Pattern Scanning and Processing Language
grep: Print Lines Matching a Regular Expression
date: Show or Set the System Date
tr: A Character Translation Utility
wc: Count Characters,Words, and Lines in a File
file: Determine the File Type
ls: Sort and Provide Details About Files
uniq: Remove Consecutive Duplicate Lines
sudo: Execute Commands as the Superuser
split: Divide a File into Equal-Sized Pieces
which: Show the Full Path to a Command
gs, gv: Render, Convert, or View PostScript and PDF Files
Summary
Chapter 2: Playing with Files: Viewing, Manipulating, and Editing Text Files
End of the Line for OS Differences: Converting Text Files
2.1 dos2unix-Convert Windows Text Files to Unix
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.2 unix2dos-Convert a Unix File to Windows
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.3 mac2unix-Convert Macintosh Files to Unix
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.4 unix2mac-Convert Unix Files to Mac Format
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.5 dos2mac-Convert Windows Files to Macintosh
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.6 mac2dos-Convert Macintosh Files to Windows
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Displaying Files
2.7 prn-Print File with Line Numbers
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.8 prw-Print One Word per Line
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.9 wbl-Sort Words by Length
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Formatting File Facts
2.10 finfo-File Information Display
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.11 wfreq-Word Frequency
How It Works
Usage
The Script
2.12 lfreq-Letter Frequency
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
2.13 fed-A Simple Batch File Editor
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 3: String Briefs
Character Actions: The char-funcs Library
3.1 chr-Convert a Decimal Number to an ASCII Character
How It Works
Usage
The Script
3.2 asc-Convert a Character to Its Decimal Equivalent
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
3.3 nxt-Get the Next Character in ASCII Sequence
How It Works
Usage
The Script
3.4 upr-Convert Character(s) to Uppercase
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
3.5 lwr-Convert Character(s) to Lowercase
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
String Cleaning: The string-funcs Library
3.6 sub-Replace First Occurrence of a Pattern
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
3.7 gsub-Globally Replace a Pattern in a String
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
3.8 repeat-Build a String of a Specified Length
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
3.9 index, rindex-Find Position of One String Within Another
How It Works
Usage
The Script
3.10 substr-Extract a Portion of a String
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
3.11 insert_str-Place One String Inside Another
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
Summary
Chapter 4: What's in a Word?
Finding and Massaging Word Lists
wf-funcs: WordFinder Function Library
4.1 write_config-Write User's Information to the Configuration File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.2 do_config-Check For and Source Default Configuration File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.3 set_sysdict-Select the Dictionary Directory
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.4 mkwsig- Sort Letters in a Word
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.5 wf-clean-Remove Carriage Returns and Accents
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.6 wf-compounds-Squish Compound Words and Save with Lengths
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.7 wf-setup- Prepare Word and Anagram Lists
Usage
The Script
Playing with Matches
4.8 wf-Find Words That Match a Pattern
Usage
The Script
4.9 wfb-Find Words That Begin with a Given Pattern
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.10 wfe-Find Words That End with a Given Pattern
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.11 wfc-Find Words That Contain a Given Pattern
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
4.12 wfit-Find Words That Fit Together in a Grid
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
4.13 anagram-Find Words That Are Anagrams of a Given Word
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.14 aplus-Find Anagrams of a Word with a Letter Added
How It Works
Usage
The Script
4.15 aminus-Remove Each Letter in Turn and Anagram What's Left
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 5: Scripting by Numbers
The math-funcs Library
5.1 fpmul-Multiply Decimal Fractions
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
5.2 int-Return the Integer Portion of a Decimal Fraction
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.3 round-Round the Argument to the Nearest Integer
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.4 pow-Raise a Number to Any Given Power
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.5 square-Raise a Number to the Second Power
5.6 cube-Raise a Number to the Third Power
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.7 calc-A Simple Command-Line Calculator
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Adding and Averaging
5.8 total-Add a List of Numbers
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
5.9 mean-Find the Arithmetic Mean of a List of Numbers
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.10 median-Find the Median of a List of Numbers
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.11 mode-Find the Number That Appears Most in a List
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.12 range-Find the Range of a Set of Numbers
How It Works
Usage
The Script
5.13 stdev-Finding the Standard Deviation
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Converting Between Unit Systems
5.14 conversion-funcs-Converting Metric Units
How It Works
Usage
The Script
1. Convert Degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius
2. Convert Degrees Fahrenheit to Kelvins
3. Convert Degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit
4. Convert Kelvins to Degrees Fahrenheit
5. Convert Miles to Kilometers
6. Convert Kilometers to Miles
7. Convert Yards to Meters
8. Convert Meters to Yards
9. Convert Inches to Centimeters
10. Convert Inches to Millimeters
11. Convert Centimeters to Inches
12. Convert Millimeters to Inches
13. Convert Pounds to Kilograms
14. Convert Kilograms to Pounds
15. Convert Ounces to Grams
16. Convert Grams to Ounces
5.15 conversion-A Menu System for Metric Conversion
How It Works
Usage
The Script
The Main Menu
The Lengths and Distances Menu
The Weights Menu
The Temperature Conversion Menu
Summary
Chapter 6: Loose Names Sink Scripts: Bringing Sanity to Filenames
What's in a Name?
POSIX Portable Filenames
OK Filenames
Functioning Filenames: The filename-funcs Library
6.1 basename-Extract the Last Element of a Pathname
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.2 dirname-Return All but the Last Element of a Pathname
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.3 is_pfname-Check for POSIX Portable Filename
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.4 is_OKfname-Check Whether a Filename Is Acceptable
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.5 pfname-Convert Nonportable Characters in Filename
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.6 OKfname-Make a Filename Acceptable
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.7 is_whitespc-Does the Filename Contain Whitespace Characters?
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.8 whitespc-Fix Filenames Containing Whitespace Characters
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.9 is_dir-Is This a Directory I See Before Me?
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
6.10 nodoublechar-Remove Duplicate Characters from a String
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.11 new_filename-Change Filename to Desired Character Set
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.12 fix_pwd-Fix All the Filenames in the Current Directory
How It Works
Usage
The Script
6.13 fixfname-Convert Filenames to Sensible Names
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 7: Treading a Righteous PATH
The path-funcs Library
7.1 path-Display a User's PATH
How It Works
Usage
The Script
7.2 unslash-Remove Extraneous Slashes
How It Works
Usage
The Script
7.3 checkpath-Clean Up the PATH Variable
How It Works
Usage
The Script
7.4 addpath-Add Directories to the PATH Variable
How It Works
Usage
The Script
7.5 rmpath-Remove One or More Directories from $PATH
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 8: The Dating Game
The date-funcs Library
8.1 split_date-Divide a Date into Day, Month, and Year
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.2 is_leap_year-Is There an Extra Day This Year?
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
8.3 days_in_month-How Many Days Hath September?
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.4 Julian Dates
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.5 dateshift-Add or Subtract a Number of Days
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
8.6 diffdate-Find the Number of Days Between Two Dates
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.7 day_of_week-Find the Day of the Week for Any Date
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.8 display_date-Show a Date in Text Format
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.9 parse_date-Decipher Various Forms of Date String
How It Works
Usage
The Script
8.10 valid_date-Where Was I on November 31st?
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 9: Good Housekeeping: Monitoring and Tidying Up File Systems
9.1 dfcmp -Notify User of Major Changes in Disk Usage
How It Works
Usage
The Script
9.2 symfix -Remove Broken Symbolic Links
How It Works
Usage
The Script
9.3 sym2file -Converts Symbolic Links to Regular Files
How It Works
Usage
The Script
9.4 zrm-Remove Empty Files
How It Works
Usage
The Script
9.5 undup -Remove Duplicate Files
How It Works
Usage
The Script
9.6 lsr-List the Most Recent (or Oldest) Files in a Directory
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 10: Screenplay: The screen-funcs Library
10.1 screen-vars-Variables for Screen Manipulation
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.2 set_attr-Set Screen-Printing Attributes
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.3 set_fg, set_bg, set_fgbg-Set Colors for Printing to the Screen
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.4 cls-Clear the Screen
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
10.5 printat-Position Cursor by Row and Column
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
10.6 put_block_ at -Print Lines in a Column Anywhere on the Screen
How It Works
Usage
The Script -
10.7 get_size-Set LINES and COLUMNS Variables
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.8 max_length -Find the Length of the Longest Argument
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.9 print_block_at-Print a Block of Lines Anywhere on the Screen
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.10 vbar, hbar -Print a Vertical or Horizontal Bar
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.11 center -Center a String on N Columns
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.12 flush_ right -Align String with the Right Margin
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.13 ruler -Draw a Ruler Across the Width and Height of the Window
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.14 box_block, box_block_ at -Print Text Surrounded by a Box
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.15 clear_area, clear_area_at -Clear an Area of the Screen
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.16 box_area, box_area_at -Draw a Box Around an Area
How It Works
Usage
The Script
10.17 screen-demo -Saving and Redisplaying Areas of the Screen
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 11: Aging, Archiving, and Deleting Files
11.1 date-file -Add a Datestamp to a Filename
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
11.2 rmold -Remove Old Files
How It Works
Usage
The Script
11.3 keepnewest -Remove All but the Newest or Oldest Files
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 12: Covering All Your Databases
12.1 lookup-Find the Corresponding Value for a Key
How It Works
Usage
The Script
shdb-funcs: Shell Database Function Library
12.2 load_db-Import Database into Shell Array
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
12.3 split_record -Split a Record into Fields
How It Works
Usage
The Script
12.4 csv_ split -Extract Fields from CSV Records
How It Works
Usage
The Script
12.5 put_ record -Assemble a Database Record from an Array
How It Works
Usage
The Script
12.6 put_csv-Assemble Fields into a CSV Record
How It Works
Usage
The Script
12.7 db-demo -View and Edit a Password File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
PhoneBase: A Simple Phone Number Database
How It Works
12.8 ph -Look Up a Phone Number
Usage
The Script
12.9 phadd -Add an Entry to PhoneBase
Usage
The Script
12.10 phdel -Delete an Entry from PhoneBase
Usage
The Script
12.11 phx -Show ph Search Results in an X Window
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 13: Home on the Web
Playing with Hypertext: The html-funcs Library
13.1 get_element -Extract the First Occurrence of an Element
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
13.2 split_tags -Put Each Tag on Its Own Line
How It Works
Usage
The Script
13.3 html-title -Get the Title from an HTML File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
HTML on the Fly: The cgi-funcs Library
13.4 x2d2 -Convert a Two-Digit Hexadecimal Number to Decimal
How It Works
Usage
The Script
13.5 dehex-Convert Hex Strings (%XX) to Characters
How It Works
Usage
The Script
13.6 filedate-Find and Format the Modification Date of a File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Creating HTML Files
13.7 mk- htmlindex -Create an HTML Index
How It Works
Usage
The Script
13.8 pretext-Create a Wrapper Around a Text File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
13.9 text2html -Convert a Text File to HTML
How It Works
Usage
The Script
13.10 demo.cgi-A CGI Script
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 14: Taking Care of Business
14.1 prcalc-A Printing Calculator
How It Works
Usage
The Script
14.2 gle-Keeping Records Without a Shoebox
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 15: Random Acts of Scripting
The rand-funcs Library
15.1 random-Return One or More Random Integers in a Given Range
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
15.2 toss- Simulate Tossing a Coin
How It Works
Usage
The Script
15.3 randstr- Select a String at Random
How It Works
Usage
The Script
A Random Sampling of Scripts
15.4 rand-date-Generate Random Dates in ISO Format
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
15.5 randsort-Print Lines in Random Order
How It Works
Usage
The Script
15.6 randomword -Generate Random Words According to Format Specifications
How It Works
Usage
The Script
15.7 dice- Roll a Set of Dice
How It Works
Usage
The Script
15.8 throw- Throw a Pair of Dice
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 16: A Smorgasbord of Scripts
16.1 topntail -Remove Top and Bottom Lines from a File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.2 flocate -Locate Files by Filename Alone
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.3 sus-Display a POSIX Man Page
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.4 cwbw -Count Words Beginning With
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
16.5 cci -Configure, Compile, and Install from Tarball
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
16.6 ipaddr -Find a Computer's Network Address
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.7 ipaddr. cgi -Print the Remote Address of an HTTP Connection
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.8 iprev -Reverse the Order of Digits in an IP Address
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
16.9 intersperse -Insert a String Between Doubled Characters
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.10 ll-Use a Pager for a Directory Listing Only If Necessary
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.11 name-split -Divide a Person's Full Name into First, Last, and Middle Names
How It Works
Usage
The Script
16.12 rot13-Encode or Decode Text
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
16.13 showfstab -Show Information from /etc/fstab
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
16.14 unique-Remove All Duplicate Lines from a File
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Chapter 17: Script Development Management
17.1 script-setup-Prepare the Scripting Environment
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Notes
17.2 cpsh -Install Script and Make Backup Copy
How It Works
Usage
The Script
17.3 shgrep -Search Scripts for String or Regular Expression
How It Works
Usage
The Script
17.4 shcat -Display a Shell Script
How It Works
Usage
The Script
Summary
Appendix A: Internet Scripting Resources
Introductions to Shell Scripting
Intermediate and Advanced Scripting
Collections of Scripts
Home Pages for Shells
Regular Expressions, sed, and awk
Miscellaneous Pages
History of the Shell
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Shell Scripting Recipes

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