Polymer Science

Contents of Volume 2Chapter 13 Adhesion 1. General Introduction 2. Factors Affecting Adhesion 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Viscosity 2.3. Surface Energy 2.4. Weak Boundary Layers 2.5. Surface Pre-Treatments 2.6. Stress Concentrations 2.7. Conditions of Joint Formation and Testing 2.8. Conclusions 3. Theories of Adhesion 3.1. Mechanical Theory 3.2. Adsorption Theory 3.3. Diffusion Theory 3.4. Electrostatic Theory 3.5. Conclusions 4. Forces Operating at the Interface 5. Interfacial and Cohesive Failure 6. Individual Polymers 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Polyolefins 6.3. Fluorinated Polymers 6.4. Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) 6.5. Poly(Vinylchloride) 6.6. Poly(Hexamethylene Adipamide) 6.7. Elastomers 6.8. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymers 6.9. Poly(Phenylene Oxide) 7. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 14 Friction and Wear 1. Introduction 2. Friction 2.1. Elastic Deformation-Single Contacts 2.2. Multiple Contacts 2.3. Rolling Friction 2.4. Sliding Friction of Rubbers 2.5. Sliding Friction of Rigid Polymers 2.6. Lubrication by Fluids 3. Wear 3.1. Classification of Wear 3.2. Wear Testing 3.3. Abrasive Wear 3.4. Erosive Wear 3.5. Fatigue 3.6. Adhesive Wear 3.7. Composites 3.8. Design Considerations 4. Areas of Uncertainty ReferencesChapter 15 Polymer Solutions and Fractionation 1. Introduction 2. Free Enthalpy Functions and Related Equations 2.1. Free Enthalpy of Mixing 2.2. Consolute State and Spinodal 2.3. Equilibrium Conditions and the Fractionation Equation 3. Phase Diagrams 3.1. General Considerations 3.2. Cloud-Point Curves 3.3. Coexistence Curves 3.4. Separation Into Three Liquid Phases 3.5. The Influence of Pressure 4. The Free Enthalpy Function 4.1. Determination of the G Function 4.2. The Shultz-Flory Method (Determination of the T Temperture) 5. Polymer Fractionation 5.1. Preparative Fractionation 5.2. Analytical Fractionation 5.3. Alternative Analytical Approach 6. Conclusions 7. Appendices 7.1. Molecular Weight Distributions and Average Molecular Weights 7.2. Criteria of Fractionation Efficiency ReferencesChapter 16 Polyelectrolytes 1. Introduction 2. Preparation of Polyelectrolytes 3. Solubility of Polyelectrolytes 4. The Thermodynamics of Polyelectrolyte Solutions 5. The Electrostatic Free Energy of Polyelectrolytes 6. Molecular Models For Polyelectrolyte Molecules in Solution 6.1. The Rigid, Impenetrable Spherical Molecule 6.2. The Rigid, Rod-Like Molecule 6.3. The Electrostatic Free Energy of Flexible-Chain Molecules 7. The Potentiometric Titration of Polyelectrolytes 7.1. The Titration Equation 7.2. Treatment of Experimental Titration Data 8. 8.1. Irreversible Processes in Polyelectrolyte Solutions 8.2. The Molecular Expansion of Flexible Polyelectrolytes 9. Electrophoresis 10. Electrolytic Conductance 11. The Sedimentation Rate 12. Diffusion 13. The Effect of Polyelectrolytes On Small Ions 13.1. Ion Binding 14. Catalytic and Inhibitory Effect of Polyelectrolytes 14.1. Reaction With The Poly-Ions 14.2. Reactions Between Two Small Molecular Weight Ionic Species 14.3. Kinetic Effect of Polyelectrolyte Molecules Containing Catalytic Substituents 15. Some Dielectric Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions 16. Cross-Linked Polyelectrolyte Networks and Ion Exchangers 16.1.