Durability and Reliability of Medical Polymers

Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials Part I: Types and properties of bioresorbable medicalpolymers Chapter 1: Types of bioresorbable polymers for medical applications Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aliphatic polyesters 1.3 Polyanhydrides 1.4 Poly(ortho esters) 1.5 Polyphosphazenes 1.6 Poly(amino acids) and 'pseudo' poly(amino acids) 1.7 Polyalkylcyanoacrylates 1.8 Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poloxamers, poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Chapter 2: The effect of molecular structure on the properties of biomedical polymers Abstract: 2.1 Introduction: the molecular structure of polymers 2.2 Molecular weight and polymer properties 2.3 Macromolecular conformation, crystallisation and polymer properties 2.4 The effect of the amorphous state and glass transition temperature on polymer properties 2.5 Biphasic systems: linear crystalline polymers and their properties Chapter 3: Processing of bioresorbable and other polymers for medical applications Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Extrusion 3.3 Mixing processes 3.4 Molding processes 3.5 Secondary shaping 3.6 Calendering 3.7 Coating 3.8 Foaming 3.9 Solvent casting 3.10 Challenges in biopolymer processing 3.11 Conclusions Chapter 4: Understanding transport phenomena and degradation of bioresorbable medical polymers Abstract: 4.1 Introduction to transport phenomena in irreversible processes 4.2 Introduction to mathematical modelling 4.3 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 5: Synthetic bioresorbable polymers Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Bioresorbable polymers 5.3 Degradation of aliphatic polyesters 5.4 Factors affecting aliphatic polymer degradation 5.5 Processing and devices 5.6 Conclusions Chapter 6: Using synthetic bioresorbable polymers for orthopedic tissue regeneration Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Poly (a-hydroxy acids) 6.3 Polylactones 6.4 Polyanhydrides 6.5 Fumarate-based polymers 6.6 Hydrogels 6.7 Future trends 6.8 Conclusions Part II: Aspects of durability and reliability of non-bioresorbable medical polymers Chapter 7: Wear processes in polymer implants Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Implants 7.3 Wear processes and theory for polymer implants 7.4 Polymers 7.5 Wear debris in the body 7.6 Future trends 7.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 8: Ageing processes of biomedical polymers in the body Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Principles of chemical and biochemical degradation and calcification 8.3 Effect of natural ageing of medical polymers 8.4 Principles of accelerated ageing 8.5 Conclusions and summary 8.6 Sources of further information and advice 8.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 9: The failure of synthetic polymeric medical devices Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Forensic methods 9.3 Catheter failure 9.4 Balloon catheters and angioplasty 9.5 Breast implants 9.6 Intraocular lenses 9.7 Failure of Foley catheters 9.8 Sutures 9.9 Conclusions 9.10 Acknowledgements Chapter 10: Manufacturing defects in polymeric medical devices Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Polymer moulding 10.3 Catheter systems 10.4 Security cap for gas cylinders 10.5 Breathing tube failures 10.6 A failed crutch 10.7 Cracked medical tubing 10.8 Conclusions 10.9 Acknowledgements Index