Environmental and Material Flow Cost Accounting

Foreword.- Executive Summary.- 1. What is EMA and why is it relevant?- 1.1 The issues behind EMA.- 1.2. Challenges for current accounting practices.- 1.3. Definition of environmental costs and environmental managementaccounting (EMA).- 1.4. Monetary accounting.- 1.5. Physical accounting.- 1.6. EMA Links to Financial, Statistical, Environmental and Sustainability Reporting Requirements.- 1.7. EMA uses and benefits.- 2. The input side of the material flow balance.- 2.1 Overview on material flow balances.- 2.2. Raw Materials.- 2.3 Auxiliary Materials.- 2.4. Merchandise.- 2.5 Packaging.- 2.6. Operating Materials.- 2.7. Energy.- 2.8. Water.- 3. The output side of the material flow balance.- 3.1 Products and by-products.- 3.2. Non-Product Outputs (Waste and Emissions).- 4. Environmental performance indicators.- 4.1 ISO 14031 - Standard on environmental performance evaluation.- 4.2 Environmental performance indicators of GRI.- 4.3 General requirements for indicator systems.- 4.4 System boundaries for performance indicators.- 4.5 The problem of finding a meaningful denominator.- 4.6 Calculating savings based on performance indicators.- 5. Environmentally relevant equipment.- 5.1 Classification of environmentally relevant equipment.- 5.2 Environmental investments according to SEEA and CEPA.- 6. Monetary information.- 6.1 Overview on the EMA cost categories in the Excel template for total annual environmental costs.- 6.2 Distribution by environmental domain.- 6.3 Material Costs of Non-Product Output.- 6.4 Waste and emission control costs.- 6.5 Costs for Prevention and other Environmental Management Costs.- 6.6 Research and Development Costs.- 6.7 Environmental Earnings and Savings.- 6.8 Case study of SCA Laakirchen pulp and paper plant.- 7. Linking physical and monetary information.- 7.1 Environmental expenditure in the profit and loss statement.- 7.2 Improving the Consistency of Materials Inputs and Product and Non-Product Output.- 7.3 Tracing Materials in corporate information systems.- 7.4 Cost accounting basics and terminology.- 7.5 Mapping costs centers, production planning and technical monitoring.- 7.6 Activity based costing.- 7.7 Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA).- 7.8 Investment appraisal and budgeting.- 7.9. Benchmarking production sites.- 8. Case study of a brewery.- 8.1 Working with the EMA excel templates.- 8.2 The material flow balance.- 8.3 The brewery, its production flow and cost centers.- 8.4 Total annual environmental costs.- 9. How to organize an EMA pilot project.- 9.1 Defining system boundaries and sites for pilot testing.- 9.2 Developing a project plan.- 9.3 Extracting EMA data from Enterprise Resource Planning Systems.- 9.4 Elements of an internal EMA standard.- 9.5 Summary of recommendations from case studies.- 9.6 Outlook.- 10. Annex.- 10.1 Checklists for environmental costs by environmental domains.- References.- Index.