Rare Metal Extraction by Chemical Engineering Techniques
International Series of Monographs on Chemical Engineering
Published on 15. July 2014
372 pages
978-1-4831-8056-4 (ISBN)
Description
Rare Metal Extraction by Chemical Engineering Techniques describes the use of chemical engineering techniques in the extraction and purification of rare metals such as uranium, thorium, and zirconium as well as hafnium, titanium, beryllium, and vanadium. The various chemical extraction stages from ore to metal are discussed. Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with an examination of ore breakdown processes including dilute acid leaching and the breakdown of concentrated acids, alkalis, and fluorides as well as chlorination. The reader is then introduced to ion-exchange purification; solvent extraction; and dryway conversion processes. Subsequent chapters focus on metal production by high-temperature reduction techniques; molten salt electrolytic processes; and iodide decomposition processes. The final chapter includes a selection of complete flowsheets for the extraction and purification rare metals from ores. This monograph will be of value to metallurgists, chemical engineers, chemists, and others who are interested in the extraction of rare metals.
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Content
¿Preface1. Introduction2. Ore Breakdown Processes Dilute Acid Leaching Batch Leaching Continuous Co-Current Leaching Continuous Counter-Current Leaching Percolation Leaching Leaching Equipment Ore Treatment Prior to Leaching Solid-Liquid Separation Flocculating Agents Acid Leaching of Uranium Ores Acid Leaching of Thorite Concentrated Acid Breakdown Breakdown Equipment Sulphuric Acid Breakdown of Monazite Sulphuric Acid Breakdown of Beryl Uranium and Vanadium Ore Opening by Concentrated Acid Alkali Breakdown Breakdown Equipment Alkali Breakdown of Monazite Alkali Breakdown of Zircon Alkali Treatment of Ferroniobium Alkali Breakdown of Beryl Dilute Alkali Carbonate Leaching Comparison with Dilute Acid Leaching Application to Uranium and Vanadium Extraction Chlorination Breakdown Mineral Chlorination Technique Plant Constructional Materials Plant Design Chlorination of Titanium Ores Chlorination of Zircon Chlorination of Monazite Chlorination of Ferrovanadium Chlorination of Niobium Application to Other Ores Fluoride Breakdown Processes Fluorination Breakdown of Beryl Fluoride Breakdown of Zircon References3. Ion-Exchange Purification Theory Methods of Application Frontal Analysis Technique Elution Analysis Technique Anionic Complexes of Rare Metals Chemical Composition and Structure of Resins Cationic Resins Anionic Resins Selective Resins Commercial Resins Process Design Optimization of Absorption Stage Elution Optimization Scaling-Up Preservation of Resin Process Control Design of Elution Analysis Processes Ion-Exchange Plant Columns Continuous Counter-Current Ion-Exchange Uranium Extraction by Ion-Exchange Chemistry of Absorption Elution Uranium Extraction Plant Impurities and Resin Poisons Precipitation Ion-Exchange from Carbonate Leach Liquors Moving Bed Process Resin-in-Pulp Process Extraction of Thorium by Ion-Exchange Extraction from Uranium Barren Liquor Nitrate and Chloride Systems Removal of Uranium in a Carbonate System Cellulose Phosphate Process Purification of Zirconium by Ion-Exchange Cation-Exchange of Impurities Cation-Exchange Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium Anion-Exchange Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium Separation of Niobium and Tantalum by Ion-Exchange Extraction of Vanadium by Ion-Exchange Acid Process Carbonate Processes References4. Solvent Extraction Theory Solvent Systems Distribution Coefficient Multiple Batch Extraction Counter-Current Batch Extraction Continuous Counter-Current Extraction Equilibrium Diagrams Solvent Extraction Plant Extraction Mechanism Extraction Columns Mixer-Settlers Centrifugal Extractors Auxiliary Equipment Purification of Uranium by Solvent Extraction Extraction from Ore Leach Liquors Final Solvent Purification of Uranium Purification of Thorium by Solvent Extraction U.K. Process U.S. Processes Extraction from Sulphate Solutions Purification of Zirconium by Solvent Extraction Hexone-Thiocyanate Process TBP Process Purification of Niobium by Solvent Extraction Hexone Process TBP Process References5.
