Changing Frontier
Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy
1st Edition
Published on 24. August 2015
417 pages
978-0-226-28686-0 (ISBN)
Available for download
Description
In 1945, Vannevar Bush, founder of Raytheon and one-time engineering dean at MIT, delivered a report to the president of the United States that argued for the importance of public support for science, and the importance of science for the future of the nation. The report, Science: The Endless Frontier, set America on a path toward strong and well-funded institutions of science, creating an intellectual architecture that still defines scientific endeavor today.In The Changing Frontier, Adam B. Jaffe and Benjamin Jones bring together a group of prominent scholars to consider the changes in science and innovation in the ensuing decades. The contributors take on such topics as changes in the organization of scientific research, the geography of innovation, modes of entrepreneurship, and the structure of research institutions and linkages between science and innovation. An important analysis of where science stands today, The Changing Frontier will be invaluable to practitioners and policy makers alike.
More details
Other editions
Additional editions
Book
08/2015
University of Chicago Press
€117.61
Article not available at the moment
Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction by Adam B. Jaffe and Benjamin F. Jones
- The Organization of Scientific Research
- The Geography of Innovation
- Entrepreneurship and Market-Based Innovation
- Historical Perspective on Science Institutions and Paradigms
- Concluding Comments
- References
- I. The Organization of Scientific Research
- 1. Why and Wherefore of Increased Scientific Collaboration by Richard B. Freeman, Ina Ganguli, and Raviv Murciano-Goroff
- 1.1 The Growing Trend of International Collaboration
- 1.2 Survey of Corresponding Authors
- 1.3 Collaborations over Distance
- 1.4 Survey Evidence
- 1.5 Toward an Economics of Scientific Collaborations
- Appendix
- 2. The (Changing) Knowledge Production Function: Evidence from the MIT Department of Biology for 1970-2000 by Annamaria Conti and Christopher C. Liu
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Empirical Setting
- 2.3 Trends in Scientific Productivity of Graduate Students and Postdocs
- 2.4 Conclusions and Policy Implications
- References
- 3. Collaboration, Stars, and the Changing Organization of Science: Evidence from Evolutionary Biology by Ajay Agrawal, John McHale, and Alexander Oettl
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Data
- 3.3 Participation: A Broadening Base
- 3.5 Collaboration: Increasing across Distance and Rank
- 3.6 Improved Collaboration Technology and the Distributionof Scientific Output: An Integrating Model
- 3.7 Discussion: Normative Implications of Star Location
- References
- Comment by Julia Lane
- References
- 4. Credit History: The Changing Nature of Scientific Credit by Joshua S. Gans and Fiona Murray
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Credit and the Organization of Science
- 4.3 Credit History
- 4.4 Formal Model
- 4.5 Some Implications
- 4.6 Conclusions and Future Directions
- References
- II. The Geography of Innovation
- 5. The Rise of International Coinvention by Lee Branstetter, Guangwei Li, and Fransisco Veloso
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Background
- 5.3 Data Sources and Trends
- 5.4 Empirical Model and Results
- 5.5 Peering inside Coinvention: Lessons from Interviews of Multinational R&D Personnel
- 5.6 Conclusions and Implications
- References
- 6. Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity by Chris Forman, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Data
- 6.3 Empirical Strategy and Results
- Conclusion
- References
- III. Entrepreneurship and Market-Based Innovation
- 7. Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy by Ramana Nanda, Ken Younge, and Lee Fleming
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Data
- 7.3 Results
- 7.4 Venture Capital Financing of Renewable Energy Start- Ups
- Appendix B: New Measure of Novelty
- References
- 8. Economic Value Creation in Mobile Applications by Timothy F. Bresnahan, Jason P. Davis, and Pai-Ling Yin
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Innovation in Platform-Based Industries
- 8.3 Matching Apps to Customers: App Store Rankings
- 8.4 Data
- 8.5 App Success is Highly Concentrated
- 8.6 Short-Run Dynamics
- 8.7 "Top List" Implications for Market Development
- 8.8 The Economic Return to the Development of New Apps
- 8.9 Developer Behavior: Platform Choice and Multihoming
- 8.10 Alternative Equilibrium Scenarios
- 8.11 Conclusion
- References
- 9. State Science Policy Experiments by Maryann Feldman and Laura Lanahan
- 9.1 Background on State Science Policy
- 9.2 Methods
- 9.3 Empirical Results
- 9.4 Discussion
- 9.5 Reflective Conclusions
- References
- IV. Historical Perspectives on Science Institutions and Paradigms
- 10. The Endless Frontier: Reaping What Bush Sowed? by Paula Stephan
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 The Scientific Landscape Circa the 1940s and The Endless Frontier
- 10.3 Early Years of the NIH and the NSF
- 10.4 The University Response to Capacity Building: The 1960s
- 10.5 The 1970s-2012
- 10.6 Taking Stock
- 10.7 Stresses to the System
- 10.8 Concluding Thoughts
- Appendix
- References
- Comment by Bruce A. Weinberg
- References
- 11. Algorithms and the Changing Frontier by Hezekiah Agwara, Philip Auerswald, and Brian Higginbotham
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Changing Frontiers in the United States
- 11.3 Production Recipes, Standards, and Interoperability
- 11.4 Globalization Is Really Standardization
- 11.5 Using Quality Management Standards to Map the Movement of the Algorithmic Frontier
- 11.6 Algorithms and the Process of Discovery
- 11.7 Conclusion
- Appendix: ISO Management Standards (ISO 2012)
- References
- Comment by Timothy Simcoe
- Algorithmic Production
- Standards and Globalization
- Concluding Thoughts
- References
- Contributors
- Author Index
- Subject Index
