The Science of Marijuana
2nd Edition
Published on 7. December 2007
296 pages
978-0-19-979598-7 (ISBN)
Description
In The Science of Marijuana Leslie Iversen explains the remarkable advances that have been made in scientific research on cannabis with the discovery of specific receptors and the existence of naturally occurring cannabis-like substances in the brain. Dr. Iversen provides an objective and up-to-date assessment of the scientific basis for the medical use of cannabis and what risks this may entail. The recreational use of the drug and how it affects users is described along with some predictions about how attitudes to cannabis may change in the future.
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Leslie Iversen
The Science of Marijuana
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OUP eBook
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Leslie L. Iversen
The Science of Marijuana
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1 Introduction
- The Plant
- Consumption of Cannabis: Preparations for Their Psychoactive Effects
- Smoking
- Eating and Drinking
- A Brief History
- 2 The Pharmacology of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), The Psychoactive Ingredient in Cannabis
- Man-Made Cannabinoids
- Cannabinoid Antagonists
- How Does THC Get to the Brain?
- Smoking
- Oral Absorption
- Other Routes of Administration
- Elimination of THC From the Body
- How Does THC Work?
- Discovery of Cannabinoid Receptors
- Neuroanatomical Distribution of CB-1 Receptors in the Brain
- Some Physiological Effects of THC
- Inhibition of Neurotransmitter Release
- Effects on the Heart and Blood Vessels
- Effects on Pain Sensitivity
- Effects on Motility and Posture
- The Billy Martin Tetrad
- 3 Endocannabinoids
- Discovery of Naturally Occurring Endocannabinoids-The Endocannabinoids
- Biosynthesis and Inactivation of Endocannabinoids
- Physiological Functions of Endocannabinoids
- Retrograde Signal Molecules at Synapses
- Control of Energy Metabolism and Body Weight
- Regulation of Pain Sensitivity
- Cardiovascular Control
- Other Functions
- Development of a New Endocannabinoid-Based Pharmacology
- Novel Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists or Antagonists
- Inhibitors of Endocannabinoid Inactivation
- 4 The Effects of Cannabis on the Central Nervous System
- Subjective Reports of the Marijuana High
- Laboratory Studies of Marijuana in Human Volunteers
- Effects on Movement and Driving
- Higher Brain Function, Including Learning and Memory
- Comparisons of Marijuana With Alcohol
- What Can Animal Behavior Experiments Tell Us?
- Does Repeated Use of Marijuana Lead to Tolerance and Dependence?
- 5 Medical Uses of Marijuana-Fact or Fantasy?
- Historical
- The Modern Revival of Interest in Cannabis-Based Medicines
- The Synthetic Cannabinoids
- Dronabinol (Marinol)
- Nabilone (Cesamet)
- Medical Targets for Cannabis
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Pain
- Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Cancer Chemotherapy
- AIDS Wasting Syndrome
- Other Potential Medical Targets
- Is There Any Role for Smoked Marijuana as a Medicine?
- A Cannabinoid Antagonist for the Treatment of Obesity
- Preclinical Data
- Clinical Data
- Conclusions
- 6 Is Cannabis Safe?
- Toxicity
- Acute Effects of Cannabis
- Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Cannabis
- Are There Persistent Cognitive Deficits?
- Tolerance and Dependence
- Adverse Effects on Fertility and the Unborn Child
- Suppression of Immune System Function
- Cannabis and Mental Illness
- Special Hazards of Smoked Marijuana
- Marijuana Smoke and Smoking Behavior
- Effects of Marijuana Smoke on the Lungs
- Marijuana Smoking and Lung Cancer
- Summary
- 7 The Recreational Use of Cannabis
- Prevalence
- How Is Cannabis Consumed and Where Does It Come From?
- Patterns of Recreational Use
- What Are the Effects of Recreational Cannabis Use?
- The Potency of Illicit Marijuana
- Is Marijuana a Gateway Drug?
- Do Recreational Marijuana Users Become Dependent?
- Forensic Testing for Cannabis-Growth Industry
- Snapshots of Cannabis Use Around the World
- India and Pakistan
- Nepal and Tibet
- Southeast Asia
- Africa
- Caribbean and Latin America
- Conclusions
- 8 What Next? A Hundred Years of Cannabis Reports
- A Hundred Years of Cannabis Inquiries
- The Indian Hemp Drugs Commission Report (1894)
- Mayor La Guardia 's Report, The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York (1944)
- The Wooton Report, England (1969)
- Report Followed Report
- The Dutch Experiment
- What Next? Is There a Case for the Legalization/Decriminalization/ Depenalization of Cannabis?
- References
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z
