
Laser Micro- and Nano-Scale Processing
Description
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Laser induced micro- and nano-processing takes place when laser irradiation causes a material to heat up, melt, and vaporise or break down. There are several factors and mechanisms which play a role in these processes and there are many areas of application that take advantage of these distinct laser properties, which has made laser micro- and nano-processing an active field of research over the past few decades.
This book presents a collection of chapters written by experienced researchers in the fields of laser micro- and nano-scale processing, surface and bulk processing covering surface modification processes, laser material interaction regimes, laser system construction for micro- and nano-processing applications, and the thermal mathematical modelling of laser processes. As an important reference for researchers in the field of micro- and nano-scale processing, this book aims to assist researchers and postgraduates in becoming familiar with the principles, capabilities, and potential of the laser processing of materials quickly. Offering a one-stop reference, this book provides an understanding of the physical phenomena, process principles, latest achievements, and applications from the key researchers and research groups in this area.
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Persons
Dr Ahmed Issa is an Assistant Professor of Mechatronics Engineering, at the Al Azhar University - Gaza, Palestine. He is currently the director of an Erasmus+ Capacity Building in Higher Education and the general chair of the 2020 International Conference on Assistive and Rehabilitation Technologies (iCareTech2020). He is a board member of the higher council for innovation and excellence in Palestine.
Professor Dermot Brabazon, BEng, PhD, is currently the Director for the Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre at Dublin City University (DCU), Deputy Director of I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, and is an academic staff member in the DCU School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. Prof. Brabazon was conferred with the President's Award for Research in 2009 and the AMPT Gold Medal for life time service achievement in Research and Teaching in 2018.
Content
- Intro
- Preface
- Editor biographies
- Ahmed Issa
- Dermot Brabazon
- List of contributors
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Book arrangement
- 1.2 A message from the editors
- References
- Chapter 2 Laser systems, types and beam properties
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Working principles of lasers
- 2.2.1 Laser components
- 2.2.2 Types of laser
- 2.2.3 Laser beam characteristics
- 2.3 Laser areas of application
- 2.3.1 Entertainment
- 2.3.2 Consumer products
- 2.3.3 Military and energy applications
- 2.3.4 Medical applications
- 2.3.5 Measurement, alignment and imaging
- 2.3.6 Research tools' application
- 2.3.7 Communication application
- 2.3.8 Industrial and manufacturing applications
- 2.4 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3 Physical principles of laser-material interaction regimes for laser machining processes
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Time scale role
- 3.3 Laser-matter interaction
- 3.4 Interaction regimes in laser-matter interaction
- 3.4.1 Thermal interaction (when t > 1 ns » tl » te)
- 3.4.2 Non-thermal interaction (t « tl « te)
- 3.5 Processing with nanosecond pulses
- 3.6 Processing with picosecond pulses
- 3.7 Processing with femtosecond pulses
- 3.8 Summary
- References
- Chapter 4 Effective working parameters of laser micro-/nano-machining
- 4.1 Introduction to micro-/nano-machining process parameters
- 4.2 Laser beam wavelength
- 4.2.1 Wavelength effect on absorption
- 4.2.2 Wavelength effect on the interaction mode
- 4.2.3 Wavelength effect on spot size and depth of penetration
- 4.3 Laser beam polarization and angles of incidence
- 4.4 Pulse duration and pulse repetition rate
- 4.5 Laser beam transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM)
- 4.6 Pulse shape
- 4.7 Laser beam intensity and peak power
- 4.8 Fluence
- 4.9 Scanning speed
- 4.10 Assist gas, type and flow rate (or pressure)
- 4.11 Focus position
- 4.12 Summary
- References
- Chapter 5 Laser-induced modification of surface properties by micro- and nano-scale processing
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Laser processing of metallic materials for improving surface functionalities
- 5.2.1 Influence of laser modification on surface energy and wettability characteristics
- 5.2.2 Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of laser-treated surfaces
- 5.2.3 Laser texturing to increase adhesive bonding
- 5.2.4 Changes in durability behavior of adhesive-bonded joints
- 5.3 Laser processing of polymeric materials to improve surface functionalities
- 5.3.1 Influence of laser modification on surface energy and wettability characteristics
- 5.3.2 Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of laser-treated surfaces
- 5.3.3 Laser texturing to increase adhesive bonding of low surface energy substrates
- 5.3.4 Changes in durability behavior of adhesive-bonded joints
- 5.4 Laser processing of CFRP substrates to improve surface functionalities
- 5.4.1 Influence of laser modification on surface energy and wettability characteristics
- 5.4.2 Laser texturing to increase adhesive bonding of low surface energy substrates
- 5.4.3 Changes in durability behavior of adhesive-bonded joints
- 5.5 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6 Investigation methods to understand laser-induced surface modification
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Wettability of surfaces
- 6.2.1 Mathematical models to relate wettability and surface energy
- 6.2.2 Investigation methodologies in industrial context
- 6.3 Surface morphology
- 6.4 Chemical composition
- 6.5 Durability behavior
- 6.6 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7 Modelling of laser micro-processing techniques
- List of symbols and abbreviations
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.1.1 Thermal modelling of laser surface glazing and similar processes
- 7.1.2 Residual stress of laser melting processes
- 7.1.3 Miscellaneous coupled model of laser melting processes
- 7.1.4 Controlling factors in the modelling of laser melting processes
- 7.2 Summary
- References
- Chapter 8 Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) for nanoparticle generation
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Nanoparticle applications
- 8.2.1 Sensing
- 8.2.2 Conductive inks
- 8.2.3 Anti-fouling
- 8.2.4 Therapeutics
- 8.3 Non-laser based nanoparticle generation
- 8.3.1 Chemical generation
- 8.3.2 Physical generation
- 8.4 Laser based nanoparticle generation
- 8.4.1 PLAL generation
- 8.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 9 Effect of laser surface treatment on solar cell efficiency
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Dye-sensitised solar cells
- 9.2.1 The construction of DSSCs
- 9.2.2 The fabrication of DSSCs
- 9.3 Laser surface treatment
- 9.3.1 Laser melting
- 9.4 Previous works on laser surface treatment for application of DSSCs
- 9.5 Summary
- References
- Chapter 10 Laser micro-processing for polymers and silicon for microfluidic applications
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Types of laser systems and related ablation phenomenon
- 10.3 Laser micro-processing for silicon and polymers
- 10.4 Future challenges
- References
- Chapter 11 Laser micro- and nano-processing: applications in modern dentistry
- 11.1 Laser surface structuring
- 11.2 Laser tissue bonding
- 11.3 Additive manufacturing (3D printing) of dental implants
- 11.4 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
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