The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing
A Multidisciplinary Reference on Survey, Scale and Test Development
1st Edition
Published on 12. February 2018
1064 pages
978-1-118-48982-6 (ISBN)
Description
A must-have resource for researchers, practitioners, and advanced students interested or involved in psychometric testing
Over the past hundred years, psychometric testing has proved to be a valuable tool for measuring personality, mental ability, attitudes, and much more. The word 'psychometrics' can be translated as 'mental measurement'; however, the implication that psychometrics as a field is confined to psychology is highly misleading. Scientists and practitioners from virtually every conceivable discipline now use and analyze data collected from questionnaires, scales, and tests developed from psychometric principles, and the field is vibrant with new and useful methods and approaches.
This handbook brings together contributions from leading psychometricians in a diverse array of fields around the globe. Each provides accessible and practical information about their specialist area in a three-step format covering historical and standard approaches, innovative issues and techniques, and practical guidance on how to apply the methods discussed. Throughout, real-world examples help to illustrate and clarify key aspects of the topics covered. The aim is to fill a gap for information about psychometric testing that is neither too basic nor too technical and specialized, and will enable researchers, practitioners, and graduate students to expand their knowledge and skills in the area.
* Provides comprehensive coverage of the field of psychometric testing, from designing a test through writing items to constructing and evaluating scales
* Takes a practical approach, addressing real issues faced by practitioners and researchers
* Provides basic and accessible mathematical and statistical foundations of all psychometric techniques discussed
* Provides example software code to help readers implement the analyses discussed
Over the past hundred years, psychometric testing has proved to be a valuable tool for measuring personality, mental ability, attitudes, and much more. The word 'psychometrics' can be translated as 'mental measurement'; however, the implication that psychometrics as a field is confined to psychology is highly misleading. Scientists and practitioners from virtually every conceivable discipline now use and analyze data collected from questionnaires, scales, and tests developed from psychometric principles, and the field is vibrant with new and useful methods and approaches.
This handbook brings together contributions from leading psychometricians in a diverse array of fields around the globe. Each provides accessible and practical information about their specialist area in a three-step format covering historical and standard approaches, innovative issues and techniques, and practical guidance on how to apply the methods discussed. Throughout, real-world examples help to illustrate and clarify key aspects of the topics covered. The aim is to fill a gap for information about psychometric testing that is neither too basic nor too technical and specialized, and will enable researchers, practitioners, and graduate students to expand their knowledge and skills in the area.
* Provides comprehensive coverage of the field of psychometric testing, from designing a test through writing items to constructing and evaluating scales
* Takes a practical approach, addressing real issues faced by practitioners and researchers
* Provides basic and accessible mathematical and statistical foundations of all psychometric techniques discussed
* Provides example software code to help readers implement the analyses discussed
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Paul Irwing | Tom Booth | David J. Hughes
The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing
A Multidisciplinary Reference on Survey, Scale and Test Development
Book
03/2020
1st Edition
Wiley
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Paul Irwing | Tom Booth | David J. Hughes
The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing
A Multidisciplinary Reference on Survey, Scale and Test Development 2 Volume Set
Book
05/2018
1st Edition
Wiley-Blackwell
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Persons
Paul Irwing, PhD, is joint chair of The Psychometrics at Work Research Group at Manchester Business School. He is a world-leading psychometrician with over 30 years of experience in research specializing in individual differences and quantifiable measurement through psychometrics.
Tom Booth, PhD, is Senior Lecturer in Quantitative Research Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh. His research involves the application and evaluation of psychometric tools in a variety of applied areas, from organizational psychology to epidemiology.
David J. Hughes, PhD, is Lecturer in Organisational Psychology at Manchester Business School. His research interests cover three main areas: the theory and measurement of individual differences, individual differences at work, and individual differences in financial behavior.
Content
- Intro
- Volume 1
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Notes on Contributors to Volume 1
- Preface
- Introduction
- The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing
- Part 1 Practical Foundations
- Chapter 1 Test Development
- Construct Definition, Specification of Test Need, and Structure
- Overall Planning
- Item Development
- Scale Construction
- Reliability
- Validation
- Test Scoring and Norming
- Test Specification
- Implementation and Testing
- Technical Manual
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 2 Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory
- CTT
- Strong True-Score Theory
- Generalizability Theory
- IRT
- Chapter Summary
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 3 Item Generation
- The Nature of Item Generation
- Research Basis for Automatic Item Generation
- Stages of Research
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4 Survey Sampling and Propensity Score Matching
- Overview
- Survey Terminologies
- Probability Sampling Designs
- Survey Weights
- Propensity Score Matching
- References
- Chapter 5 Sample Size Planning for Confirmatory Factor Models: Power and Accuracy for Effects of Interest
- Introduction
- Effect Size
- Conclusion
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 6 Missing Data Handling Methods
- Missing Data Mechanisms
- Illustrative Computer Simulation
- Older Missing Data Handling Methods
- Maximum Likelihood Estimation
- Multiple Imputation
- An Inclusive Missing Data Handling Strategy
- Direct Estimation Versus Imputation
- Data Analysis Examples
- Planned Missing Data Designs
- Power in Planned Missing Data Designs
- Summary
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 7 Causal Indicators in Psychometrics
- Introduction
- Defining ``Causal Indicators´´
- Determining when Indicators Should be Viewed as Causal Indicators
- Developing Scales with Causal Indicators
- Using Causal Indicators in Research
- Summary
- References
- Code Appendix
- Part 2 Identifying and Analyzing Scales
- Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Common Factor Analysis
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Multiple Factors of the Intellect
- Personality
- Multiple Factor Analysis
- Illustration of An Exploratory Common Factor Analysis
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis
- Some Remaining Problems.
- References
- Chapter 9 Estimation Methods in Latent Variable Models for Categorical Outcome Variables
- Introduction
- Latent Variable Models for Categorical Responses
- Estimation of the Latent Variable Model with Categorical Items
- Applications
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 10 Rotation
- Introduction
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Dealing with the Rotation Problem
- Graphical Methods
- Analytic Methods
- Analytic Oblique Rotation Algorithms
- Choosing a Rotation Method
- Standard Errors for Rotated Loadings
- Some Examples Using Real Data
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 11 The Number of Factors Problem
- Introduction
- Categorizing Criteria to Indicate the Number of Factors
- The Meaning of Dimensionality
- Dimensionality Assessment Methods
- Kaiser Criterion
- Minimum Average Partial (MAP)
- Model Selection Methods in SEM: CFM as a Special Case of SEM
- Assessment of the Number of Factors in Empirical Practice
- Concluding Remark
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 12 Bifactor Models in Psychometric Test Development
- Bifactor Models in Psychometric Test Development
- Confirmatory Bifactor Models
- Exploratory Bifactor Model Analysis
- Applications of Bifactor Models
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 13 Nonnormality in Latent Trait Modelling
- The Factor Model and Existing Approaches to Test for Sources of Nonnormality
- A Unified Approach to Test for Nonnormality
- Examples
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 14 Multidimensional Scaling: An Introduction
- Introduction
- Multidimensional Scaling: A General Formulation
- Metric Multidimensional Scaling
- Interpretation Strategies for Multidimensional Scaling
- A Variety of Multidimensional Scaling Models
- Software for Multidimensional Scaling
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 15 Unidimensional Item Response Theory
- Item Response Theory
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Volume 2
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Notes on Contributors to Volume 2
- Preface
- Introduction
- The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing
- Part II Identifying and Analyzing Scales (cont.)
- Chapter 16 Multidimensional Item Response Theory
- Multidimensional Item Response Theory
- MIRTModels
- MIRTis Item Factor Analysis
- Parameter Estimation
- Goodness of Fit
- An Example, Using Data from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
- Conclusion and Future Directions
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 17 Bayesian Psychometric Scaling
- Introduction
- Bayesian Methods
- Bayesian Item Response Models Using Latent Variables
- Posterior-Based Measurement of Student Proficiency
- Multistage Sampling Design: Clustering Students
- Bayesian Scale Construction
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 18 Modelling Forced-Choice Response Formats
- What are Forced-Choice Response Formats?
- The Advantages of Presenting Questionnaire Items Using the Forced-Choice Format
- Scaling of Forced-Choice Responses
- Data Analysis Example with the Forced-Choice Five Factor Markers
- Recommendations for Creating Effective Forced-Choice Assessments
- Directions for Future Research and Concluding Remarks
- References
- Code Appendix
- Part 3 Scale Scoring
- Chapter 19 Scores, Scales, and Score Linking
- Prerequisites
- Scores
- Scale Definition
- Data Collection Designs
- Procedures and Practices for Equating Scores
- Score Linking: Prediction, Scale Aligning, Score Equating
- Closing Comment
- References
- Chapter 20 Item Response Theory Approaches to Test Scoring and Evaluating the Score Accuracy
- The Multidimensional Item Response Model
- Latent Trait Estimation
- Standard Error of Measurement, Test Information, and Reliability
- Applying IRT Scoring Methods and Estimating Measurement Accuracy in Practice
- Scoring Under the Unidimensional IRT Model
- Scoring Under the Multidimensional IRT ``Correlated Traits´´ Model
- Scoring Under the Multidimensional IRT Bifactor Model
- Which Measurement Model to Choose?
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Appendix A: Computation of EAP Scores and Their Standard Errors
- Appendix B: Experience of Service Questionnaire (Parent Version)
- Appendix C: IIF for a Bifactor Model
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 21 IRT Linking and Equating
- Introduction
- IRT Linking
- IRT Equating
- Multidimensional IRT Equating
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Code Appendix
- Part 4 Evaluating Scales
- Chapter 22 Bifactor Modelling and the Evaluation of Scale Scores
- Real Data Example
- Exploring Departures from Unidimensionality
- What is a Bifactor Model and How is it Useful?
- Model-Based Reliability and the Bifactor Model
- A Bifactor Model Alternative to Alpha
- Unit-Weighted Scoring in the Presence of Multidimensionality
- Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Bifactor Models
- Discussion
- Conclusion: Assessing Hierarchical Trait Constructs
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 23 Reliability
- Introduction
- Using Reliability
- True Score Theory
- Reliability Over What?
- Internal consistency estimates of reliability
- KR-20, ?3, and a as indicators of internal consistency
- Standard error of alpha
- Reliability and item analysis
- Domain sampling theory and structural measures of reliability
- Other approaches
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix
- Chapter 24 Psychometric Validity: Establishing the Accuracy and Appropriateness of Psychometric Measures
- Why Do We Need Validity?
- The Evolving Notion of Validity
- Evolving Notion of Validity: Consensus, What Consensus?
- Evolving Notion of Validity: A Way Forward?
- Establishing the Accuracy and Appropriateness of Psychometric Measures
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 25 Multitrait-Multimethod-Analysis: The Psychometric Foundation of CFA-MTMM Models
- Introduction to the ``Classical´´ MTMM Analysis
- The Psychometric Foundation of CFA-MTMM Models
- Applications of MTMM Models for Structurally Different Raters
- Discussion
- References
- Code Appendix
- Part 5 Modelling Groups
- Chapter 26 Factorial Invariance Across Multiple Populations in Discrete and Continuous Data
- The Factor Model for Continuous Measures
- The Factor Model for Discrete Measures
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 27 Differential Item and Test Functioning
- The IRT Approach to the Study of Measurement Equivalence
- The CFA Approach to the Study of Measurement Equivalence
- Empirical Example of IRT and CFA DIF Analyses
- Example of IRT and CFA Effect Sizes
- Discussion
- References
- Part 6 Applications
- Chapter 28 Psychometric Methods in Political Science
- Introduction
- The Basic Space Theory
- Preferential Data
- Perceptual Data
- Concluding Thoughts
- References
- Code Appendix
- Chapter 29 How Factor Analysis Has Shaped Personality Trait Psychology
- Introduction
- The Five-Factor Model
- The Tools-to-Theories Heuristic
- FFM as an Example of Tools-to-Theories
- Five-Factor Theory (FFT)
- Interplay Between Tools, Theories, and Data in Personality Trait Psychology
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 30 Network Psychometrics
- Introduction
- Notation
- Markov Random Fields
- Parameterizing Markov random fields
- The Ising model
- The Ising Model in Psychometrics
- The relation between the Ising model and item response theory
- Estimating the Ising Model
- Example analysis
- The Interpretation of Latent Variables in Psychometric Models
- Discussion
- References
- Index
- EULA
