The Righteousness of God
A Lexical Examination of the Covenant-Faithfulness Interpretation
1st Edition
Published on 10. March 2015
467 pages
978-3-16-153519-2 (ISBN)
Description
Befürworter der "Neuen Perspektive auf Paulus" berufen sich darauf, dass "Gerechtigkeit" in der biblischen Theologie ein Verhältnisbegriff ist. Diese Ansicht vertritt, dass "Gerechtigkeit" nicht bedeutet, normenkonform oder in erster Linie ein juristisches Konzept zu sein; "Gerechtigkeit" bedeutet eher die Erfüllung der Bedürfnisse einer Beziehung, da die Beziehung selber die Norm ist. Diese relationale Interpretation von "Gerechtigkeit" wurde erstmals von Hermann Cremer im Jahr 1899 vorgebracht und übte großen Einfluss auf die Bibelwissenschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts aus. Der Forderung der "Neuen Perspektive" liegt zugrunde, dass "die Gerechtigkeit Gottes" bei Paulus als Chiffre dafür gesehen wird, dass Gott seinem Bund die Treue sichert, eine Ansicht, die unter anderem auch von N. T. Writght vertreten wird. Charles Lee Irons liefert eine kritische Untersuchung von Cremers zentralen Argumenten für die relationale Interpretation der Bundestreue. Der Autor argumentiert demgegenüber, dass die "Gerechtigkeit Gottes" in Röm 1,17; 3,21-22; 10,3; 2 Kor 5,21 und Phil 3,9 der Zustand der Gerechtigkeit ist, die ein Geschenk Gottes ist.
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Charles Lee Irons
The Righteousness of God
A Lexical Examination of the Covenant-Faithfulness Interpretation
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03/2015
1st Edition
Mohr Siebeck
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Content
- Cover
- Preface
- Table of Contents
- Figure and Tables
- List of Abbreviations
- Modern English Versions of the Bible
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: History of Interpretation of ???a??s??? Øe?? in Paul
- A. History of Interpretation up to the Reformation
- 1. The Greek Fathers
- 2. The Latin Fathers
- 3. The Medieval Period
- B. The Reformation Tradition of Interpretation
- 1. The Reformers
- 2. Post-Reformation Protestant Interpretation
- C. The New View and Its Trajectory
- 1. The 19?? Century Origins of the New View
- 2. Cremer's Reception in Old Testament Scholarship
- 3. The 20?? Century Gerechtigkeit Gottes Discussion
- 4. English-Speaking Scholarship in the 20?? Century
- 5. The New Perspective on Paul
- D. Conclusion
- Chapter 2: Methodological Considerations
- A. Lexical Semantics
- 1. Lexical Concepts vs. Discourse Concepts
- 2. Hebrew Parallelism
- B. Septuagint Studies
- 1. Role of LXX in Mediating Hebrew Meanings into Greek
- 2. LXX as a Translation and Calques
- 3. Relevance to the Cremer Theory
- 4. Continuity between Meaning in Extra-Biblical Greek and New Hebraic Meaning
- C. Relevance of Jewish Literature Composed in Greek
- D. Conclusion
- Chapter 3: Righteousness in Extra-Biblical Greek
- A. Before the Fifth Century BC
- B. The Fifth Century BC
- C. The Fourth Century BC
- D. Third to First Centuries BC
- E. First to Second Centuries AD
- F. Conclusion
- Chapter 4: Righteousness in the Old Testament
- A. ???????/????? in the Hebrew Old Testament
- 1. The Differences Between the Two Nouns
- 2. Their Semantic Range
- 3. Semantic Domain Analysis
- B. ???a??s??? in the Septuagint (Excluding the Apocrypha)
- C. Analysis of Arguments for the Relational Interpretation
- 1. Righteousness as "Thoroughly Positive"
- 2. The Appeal to Hebrew Parallelism
- a. Theoretical Observations on Hebrew Parallelism
- b. "Righteousness" and "Salvation" in Parallel
- c. "Righteousness" and "Faithfulness" in Parallel
- d. "Righteousness" in Parallel with a Variety of Other Terms
- 3. The LXX's Use of ???a??s??? to Render ?????
- 4. Criticism of the Norm-Idea
- 5. Antithesis Between "the Righteous" and "the Wicked"
- 6. "May They Not Come Into Your Righteousness" (Psalm 69:27)
- 7. Judah and Tamar: "She is More Righteous than I" (Genesis 38:26)
- D. The Righteousness of God in the Old Testament
- 1. Psalm 7:17
- 2. Psalm 35:23-28
- 3. Psalm 51:14
- 4. Psalm 98:1-3
- 5. Psalm 143:1-2, 11-12
- 6. Psalm 7:7-9
- E. Conclusion
- Chapter 5: Righteousness in Jewish Literature
- A. The Dead Sea Scrolls
- B. Apocrypha and OT Pseudepigrapha Composed in Hebrew
- 1. Tobit
- 2. Sirach
- 3. Baruch
- 4. 1 Maccabees
- 5. Jubilees
- 6. 1 Enoch
- 7. Psalms of Solomon
- 8. Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
- 9. 4 Ezra
- 10. Life of Adam and Eve
- C. Aprocrypha, OT Pseudepigrapha, and Other Hellenistic Jewish Writings Composed in Greek
- 1. Wisdom of Solomon
- 2. 4 Maccabees
- 3. Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
- 4. Testament of Job
- 5. Paraleipomena of Jeremiah (= 4 Baruch)
- 6. Letter of Aristeas
- 7. The Sibylline Oracles
- 8. The Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides
- 9. Philo
- 10. Josephus
- D. The New Testament
- 1. Overview
- 2. ???a??s??? in Matthew
- 3. The Three Occurrences of ???a??s??? Øe?? Outside of Paul
- a. Matthew 6:33
- b. James 1:20
- c. 2 Peter 1:1
- E. Conclusion
- Chapter 6: Exegesis of ???a??s??? Øe?? in Paul
- A. ???a??s??? Øe?? as "God's Covenant Faithfulness"
- 1. Romans 3:1-8
- 2. Romans 3:21-26
- 3. 2 Corinthians 5:21
- 4. Other Greek Words for "Faithfulness"
- B. ???a??s??? Øe?? as "God's Saving Activity or Power"
- 1. ???aµ?? Øe?? and ???? Øe?? as Subjective Genitives
- 2. Intertextual Allusions to the OT
- a. Psalm 143
- b. Psalm 98
- C. ???a??s??? Øe?? as "Gift of Righteousness from God"
- 1. ???a??s??? as Righteousness before God
- 2. Øe?? as Genitive of Source or Genetivus Auctoris
- 3. "By Faith" and Other Näherbestimmungen
- a. Romans 1:17
- b. Romans 3:5
- c. Romans 3:21-22
- d. Romans 3:25-26
- e. Romans 10:3
- f. 2 Corinthians 5:21
- g. Philippians 3:9
- 4. The ??st?? ???st?? Debate
- 5. The Parallels Between Phil 3:9 and Rom 10:3
- D. Conclusion
- Chapter 7: Synopsis and Implications
- A. Synopsis of the Argument
- B. Implications for Paul's Doctrine of Justification
- Appendix: All Occurrences of "Righteousness" in the Old Testament
- Section 1. ????? (masc.) in the OT
- I. LEGAL RIGHTEOUSNESS (49)
- I.A. With verbs of judging or ruling (15)
- I.A.1 Human judges or kings (including Messiah) as subject (10)
- I.A.2 God as subject (5)
- I.B. Justice (19)
- I.B.1 Human (including Messianic) justice (9)
- I.B.2 Divine justice (10)
- I.C. The righteousness of God ("my, his, your righteousness") (7)
- I.D. Vindication (5)
- I.E. Clothed with righteousness (3)
- II. ETHICAL RIGHTEOUSNESS (41)
- II.A. General (12)
- II.B. With verbs of doing (3)
- II.C. Righteous laws, word (10)
- II.D. Gates, paths, cities, etc. of righteousness (7)
- II.E. Righteousness before God (9)
- III. CORRECTNESS (21)
- III.A. Speaking righteousness, telling the truth (6)
- III.B. Just balances, weights (10)
- III.C. Doing something correctly (5)
- IV. DIFFICULT CASES (8)
- Section 2. ??????? (fem.) in the OT
- I. LEGAL RIGHTEOUSNESS
- A. With ?????? "to execute justice" (12)
- I.A.1 Human judges or kings (including Messiah) as subject (9)
- I.A.2 God as subject (3)
- B. Justice (19)
- I.B.1 Human (including Messianic) justice (9)
- I.B.2 Divine justice (10)
- C. The righteousness of God ("my, his, your righteousness") (34)
- I.D. Vindication (4)
- I.E. Clothed with righteousness (2)
- I.F. Right(s) (3)
- II. ETHICAL RIGHTEOUSNESS
- II.A. General (43)
- II.B. With verbs of doing (15)
- II.C. Righteous laws, word (0)
- II.D. Gates, paths, cities, oaks, habitation of righteousness (0)
- II.E. Righteousness as a status before God (14)
- II.F. Honesty (1)
- III. CORRECTNESS
- III.A. Speaking/swearing in righteousness, telling the truth (4)
- III.B. Just balances, weights (0)
- III.C. Doing something correctly (1)
- IV. DIFFICULT CASES (5)
- V. PLURAL (14x)
- God's righteous acts (5x)
- Man's righteous deeds (ethical uprightness) (7x)
- Vindication/justification (2x)
- Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Index of Ancient Sources
- A. Hebrew Bible and Septuagint
- B. New Testament
- C. Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
- D. Philo
- E. Josephus
- F. Qumran
- G. Greek and Latin Literary Sources
- H. Early Christian Literature
- I. Rabbinic Literature
- Index of Authors
- Index of Subjects
