A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome

Volume I

Contributor Biographies xi

Abbreviations xix

List of Figures and Maps xxiii

Introduction 1

Part I Physics and Cosmogony 11

1 The Creation and Destruction of the World 13 Andrew D. Gregory

2 Matter 29 Daniel W. Graham

3 Motion and Energy 43 Jean De Groot

4 Nature and the Divine 60 Svetla Slaveva-Griffin

Part II The Mathematical Sciences 77

5 Mathematics 79 Reviel Netz

6 Astronomy 96 Andrew D. Gregory

7 Astrology 114 Kocku von Stuckrad

8 Ancient Optics: Theories and Problems of Vision 130 Philip Thibodeau

9 Hydrostatics and Pneumatics in Antiquity 145 Matteo Valleriani

10 The Science of Harmonics and Music Theory in Ancient Greece 161 Sophie Gibson

Part III Earth Sciences 179

11 Hydrology: Ocean, Rivers, and Other Waterways 181 Georgia L. Irby

12 Classical Geology and the Mines of the Greeks and Romans 197 Paul T. Craddock

13 Greco-Egyptian and Byzantine Alchemy 217 Matteo Martelli

14 Meteorology 232 Liba Taub

15 Geography 247 Duane W. Roller

Part IV Life Sciences 263

16 Greek and Roman Botany 265 M. Eleanor Irwin

17 Zoology 281 Tiberiu Popa

18 "Ecology" in the ancient Mediterranean 296 Georgia L. Irby, Robin McCall, and Anita Radini

19 The Failure of Evolutionary Thinking in Antiquity 313 Devin Henry

20 Embryology 329 James Wilberding

Part V Healing and the Human Body 343

21 Anatomy and Physiology 345 Julius Rocca

22 Gynecology 360 Lauren Caldwell

23 Surgery 371 Frédéric Le Blay Translated by Todd Black

24 Physicians and "Schools" 386 Molly Jones-Lewis

25 Pharmacy 402 Molly Jones-Lewis

26 Magic, Curses, and Healing 418 Andrew D. Gregory

27 Healing Shrines 434 Georgia Petridou

28 Regimen and Athletic Training 450 Jason König

29 Epidemiology and Pathology 465 Efthymia Nikita, Anna Lagia, and Sevi Triantaphyllou

30 Psychology and Physiognomics 483 Arnaud Zucker

31 Anthropology: Knowledge of Man 500 Gordon Campbell

Volume ii

Abbreviations xi

List of Figures and Maps xv

Part VI Food Sciences 517

32 Greek and Roman Agriculture 519 Philip Thibodeau

33 Animal Husbandry 533 Kenneth F. Kitchell Jr.

34 Oil and Wine Production 550 Rafael Frankel

35 Cooking and Baking Technology 570 John Paulas

36 Food Storage Technology 587 Robert I. Curtis

37 Culinary and Medicinal Uses of Wine and Olive Oil 605 John F. Donahue

38 Nutrition 618 John F. Donahue

Part VII Technology of Human Life 633

39 Greek Public and Religious Architecture 635 John R. Senseney

40 Greek Domestic Architecture 656 Bradley A. Ault

41 Greek Interior Decoration: Materials and Technology in the Art of Cosmesiss and Display 672 Hariclia Brecoulaki

42 Roman Monumental and Public Architecture 693 Duane W. Roller

43 Roman Domestic Architecture 711 Nathalie de Haan

44 Roman Interior Design 730 Sarah Lepinski

45 Textile Technology 747 Ellen Harlizius-Klück

46 Urban Infrastructure in the Roman World 768 Klaus Grewe Translated by Johanna K. Sandrock

47 Siegeworks and Fortifications 784 Raffaele D'Amato

48 Arms and Weapons 801 Raffaele D'Amato

Part VIII Travel 817

49 Greek and Roman Cartography 819 Georgia L. Irby

50 Land Transport and Vehicles 836 Georges Raepsaet

51 Navigation and the Art of Sailing 854 Georgia L. Irby

52 Ships and Boats 870 Julian Whitewright

Part IX Telling Time 889

53 Greek Calendars 891 Laura Gawlinski

54 Roman Calendars 906 Robert Hannah

55 Time-Telling Devices 923 Robert Hannah

Part X Synthesis and Response 941

56 The Crossroads of Hellenistic and Sanskrit Science 943 Tejas S. Aralere

57 Roman Responses to Greek Science and Scholarship as a Cultural and Political Phenomenon 958 Thorsten Fögen

58 Scientific Encyclopedias 973 Katerina Oikonomopoulou

59 Translation and Transmission of Ancient Scientific Texts 988 Sonja Brentjes

60 The Reception of Greco-Roman Science in the Renaissance: Assimilation(s), Transformation(s), Rejection, Hybridization 1009 Roberto Lo Presti

Appendix: Major Writers And Thinkers 1023

General Index 1029

Index of Authors, Thinkers, and Primary Sources 1049

Index of Toponyms 1061