An Introduction To Solar Radiation
Published on 2. December 2012
408 pages
978-0-323-15181-8 (ISBN)
Description
An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
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Muhammad Iqbal
An Introduction To Solar Radiation
Book
01/1984
Academic Press
€54.46
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Person
Muhammad Iqbal joined Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, as Professor of Botany and was Head of the Botany Department, Dean of Science Faculty, and Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Hamdard. Specializing in the Developmental, Environmental and Medicinal Botany, he has produced over 425 publications, His research interests include radial growth in vascular plants, plant-pollution interaction, heavy metals influence on plants, stress crop physiology, phytoremediation and traditional herbal medicine. He was President of the Academy of Environmental Biology (2006-2009), Vice-President of the Indian Botanical Society (2003-2004), and International Society of Environmental Botanists (2013-18). He worked as Visiting Scientist at South Korea and Poland under the Scientists Exchange Program of Indian National Science Academy and as a Visiting Professor at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia He is an elected Fellow of 8 national and international scientific organizations, including the Linnean Society of London (FLS) and the National Academy of Sciences, India (FNASc).
Content
PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1 Sun-Earth Astronomical Relationship 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Sun-Earth Distance r 1.3 Solar Declination d 1.4 Equation of Time Et 1.5 Position of the Sun Relative to Horizontal Surfaces 1.6 Position of the Sun Relative to Inclined Surfaces 1.7 Further Reading Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 2 Thermal Radiation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Blackbody Radiation 2.3 Blackbody Radiation in a Wavelength Interval 2.4 Angular Dependence of Radiation 2.5 Real-Body Properties 2.6 Definitions 2.7 Further Reading Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 3 The Solar Constant and Its Spectral Distribution 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Sun 3.3 Extraterrestrial Solar Spectral Irradiance 3.4 The Solar Constant 3.5 Blackbody Temperature of the Sun 3.6 Further Reading Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 4 Extraterrestrial Solar Irradiation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Extraterrestrial Irradiation on a Horizontal Surface 4.3 Radiation on Inclined Planes 4.4 Calculation of ¿b, rb, ¿b, Rb, and ¿b 4.5 Further Reading Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 5 A Cloudless-Sky Atmosphere and Its Optics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Earth's Atmosphere 5.3 Clean Dry Air 5.4 Water Vapor 5.5 Aerosols 5.6 Relative Optical Path Length, Relative Optical Mass m 5.7 Relative Optical Air Mass ma 5.8 Relative Optical Water-Vapor Mass mw 5.9 Relative Optical Ozone Mass mo 5.10 Relative Optical Aerosol Mass md 5.11 Further Reading Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 6 Solar Spectral Radiation under Cloudless Skies 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Attenuation of Direct Solar Radiation: Basic Formulation 6.3 Scattering of Direct Solar Radiation 6.4 Rayleigh Scattering of Air Molecules 6.5 Mie Scattering of Water Vapor and Dust Particles 6.6 Ångström's Turbidity Formula for All Aerosols 6.7 Direct Transmittance due to Continuum Attenuation 6.8 Absorption of Direct Solar Radiation by Gases 6.9 Absorbers in the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrum 6.10 Absorbers in the Infrared Spectrum 6.11 Transmittances of Molecular Absorbers 6.12 Transmittance of Ozone 6.13 Transmittances of Uniformly Mixed Gases and Water Vapor 6.14 Direct Spectral Irradiance on the Ground 6.15 Origins of Diffuse Spectral Radiation 6.16 Rayleigh-Scattered Spectral Diffuse Irradiance 6.17 Aerosol-Scattered Spectral Diffuse Irradiance 6.18 Atmospheric Albedo 6.19 Multiply Reflected Spectral Diffuse Irradiance 6.20 Diffuse Spectral Irradiance on the Ground 6.21 Global Spectral Irradiance on the Ground 6.22 Further Reading 6.23 Historical Notes Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 7 Total (Broadband) Radiation under Cloudless Skies 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Spectral Integration Model 7.3 Parameterization Method 7.4 Parameterization Model A 7.5 Parameterization Model B 7.6 Parameterization Model C 7.7 Comparison of the Parameterization Models 7.8 The ASHRAE Algorithm and Its Improvement 7.9 Further Reading Nomenclature ReferencesChapter 8 Solar Radiation under Cloudy Skies 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Hourly Global I, Diffuse Id, and Beam Ib Radiation on a Horizontal Surface 8.3 Daily Global H, Diffuse Hd, and Beam Hb Radiation on a Horizontal Surface 8.4 The Availability of Data 8.5 Correlation of Average Daily Global Radiation with Hours of Sunshine 8.6 Correlation of Average Daily Global Radiation with Cloud Cover 8.7 Estimation of the Monthly Average Hourly Global Radiation on a Horizontal Surface 8.8 Statistical Distribution of the Daily and Hourly Global Radiation on a Horizontal Surface 8.9 Estimation of the Daily Diffuse Radiation on a Horizontal Surface 8.10 Estimation of the Monthly Average Daily Diffuse Radiation on a Horizontal Surface 8.
