Solid-State Physics
An Introduction to Theory and Experiment
Published on 6. December 2012
X, 341 pages
978-3-642-97230-0 (ISBN)
Description
In recent decades solid state physics has seen many dramatic new developments and has become one of the largest independent branches of physics. It has simultaneously ex panded into many new areas, playing a vital role in fields that were once the domain of the engineering and chemical sciences. A consequence of this explosive development is that no single university lecturer can today be expected to have a detailed knowledge of all aspects of this vast subject; likewise, it is impossible to conceive of a course that could offer students a comprehensive understanding of the entire discipline and its many applications. In view of this situation, it is particularly valuable to have a textbook that gives a concise account of the essential elements of the physics of solids. In this book the fun damental aspects of solid state physics are presented according to the scheme: Chemical bonding, structure, lattice dynamics, and electronic properties. We believe that this se quence is the optimum choice for tutorial purposes. It enables the more difficult con cepts to be introduced at a point where a basic understanding of fundamental ideas has already been achieved through the study of simple models and examples. In addition to this carefully structured exposition of classical solid state theory based on the periodic solid and the one-electron approximation, the book also includes comprehen sive descriptions of the most active areas in modern research: Magnetism, superconduc tivity and semiconductor physics.
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04/1991
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Content
1. Chemical Bonding in Solids.- 1.1 The Periodic Table of the Elements.- 1.2 Covalent Bonding.- 1.3 Ionic Bonding.- 1.4 Metallic Bonding.- 1.5 The Hydrogen Bond.- 1.6 The van der Waals Bond.- 2. Crystal Structures.- 2.1 The Crystal Lattice.- 2.2 Point Symmetry.- 2.3 The 32 Crystal Classes (Point Groups).- 2.4 The Significance of Symmetry.- 2.5 Simple Crystal Structures.- 3. Diffraction from Periodic Structures.- 3.1 General Theory of Diffraction.- 3.2 Periodic Structures and the Reciprocal Lattice.- 3.3 The Scattering Conditions for Periodic Structures.- 3.4 The Bragg Interpretation of the Laue Condition.- 3.5 Brillouin Zones.- 3.6 The Structure Factor.- 3.7 Methods of Structure Analysis.- 4. Crystal Lattice Dynamics.- 4.1 The Potential.- 4.2 The Equation of Motion.- 4.3 The Diatomic Linear Chain.- 4.4 Scattering from Time-Varying Structures.- 4.5 Phonon Spectroscopy.- 5. Thermal Properties of Crystal Lattices.- 5.1 The Density of States.- 5.2 The Thermal Energy of a Harmonic Oscillator.- 5.3 The Specific Heat Capacity of the Lattice.- 5.4 Effects Due to Anharmonicity.- 5.5 Thermal Expansion.- 5.6 Heat Conduction by Phonons.- 6. "Free" Electrons in Solids.- 6.1 The Free Electron Gas in an Infinite Square-Well Potential.- 6.2 The Fermi Gas at T = 0K.- 6.3 Fermi Statistics.- 6.4 The Specific Heat Capacity of Electrons in Metals.- 6.5 Electrostatic Screening in a Fermi Gas - The Mott Transition.- 6.6 Thermionic Emission of Electrons from Metals.- 7. The Electronic Bandstructure of Solids.- 7.1 General Symmetry Properties.- 7.2 The Nearly-Free-Electron Approximation.- 7.3 The Tight-Binding Approximation.- 7.4 Examples of Bandstructures.- 7.5 The Density of States.- 8. Magnetism.- 8.1 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism.- 8.2 The Exchange Interaction.- 8.3 ExchangeInteraction Between Free Electrons.- 8.4 The Band Model of Ferromagnetism.- 8.5 The Temperature Behavior of a Ferromagnet in the Band Model.- 8.6 Ferromagnetic Coupling for Localized Electrons.- 8.7 Antiferromagnetism.- 8.8 Spin Waves.- 9. Motion of Electrons and Transport Phenomena.- 9.1 Motion of Electrons in Bands and the Effective Mass.- 9.2 Currents in Bands and Holes.- 9.3 Scattering of Electrons in Bands.- 9.4 The Boltzmann Equation and Relaxation Time.- 9.5 The Electrical Conductivity of Metals.- 9.6 Thermoelectric Effects.- 9.7 The Wiedemann-Franz Law.- 10. Superconductivity.- 10.1 Some Fundamental Phenomena Associated with Superconductivity.- 10.2 Phenomenological Description by Means of the London Equations.- 10.3 Instability of the "Fermi Sea" and Cooper Pairs.- 10.4 The BCS Ground State.- 10.5 Consequences of the BCS Theory and Comparison with Experimental Results.- 10.6 Supercurrents and Critical Currents.- 10.7 Coherence of the BCS Ground State and the Meissner-Ochsenfeld Effect.- 10.8 Quantization of Magnetic Flux.- 10.9 Type II Superconductors.- 10.10 Novel "High Temperature" Superconductors.- 11. Dielectric Properties of Materials.- 11.1 The Dielectric Function.- 11.2 Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation.- 11.3 The Dielectric Function for a Harmonic Oscillator.- 11.4 Longitudinal and Transverse Normal Modes.- 11.5 Surface Waves on a Dielectric.- 11.6 Reflectivity of a Dielectric Half-Space.- 11.7 The Local Field.- 11.8 The Polarization Catastrophe and Ferroelectrics.- 11.9 The Free Electron Gas.- 11.10 Interband Transitions.- 11.11 Excitons.- 11.12 Dielectric Energy Losses of Electrons.- 12. Semiconductors.- 12.1 Data for a Number of Important Semiconductors.- 12.2 Charge Carrier Density in Intrinsic Semiconductors.- 12.3 Doping ofSemiconductors.- 12.4 Carrier Densities in Doped Semiconductors.- 12.5 Conductivity of Semiconductors.- 12.6 The p-n Junction.- 12.7 Semiconductor Heterostructures and Superlattices.- References.
