Technology Roadmap for Small Modular Reactor Deployment
Published on 11. August 2021
109 pages
978-92-0-110221-8 (ISBN)
Description
Technology roadmaps have proven to be a useful management tool for evaluating, planning and strategizing the development of complex technological projects. This publication is intended to provide Member States with a set of generic roadmaps which can be used in the deployment of small modular reactors. These roadmaps are based on the latest inputs from Member States currently pursuing this technology. The publication places emphasis on the activities of owners/operators who drive the demand and requirements for the reactor designs, the designers who develop the technologies, and the regulators who establish and maintain the regulatory requirements that owners/operators should meet. It also provides a methodology for developing a technology roadmap for reactors with longer development horizons and discusses emerging opportunities and challenges for this relatively new technology.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Technology Roadmap for Small Modular Reactor Deployment
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12/2021
IAEA
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Content
- Intro
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. Background
- 1.2. Objective
- 1.3. Scope
- 1.4. Structure
- 2. SMALL MODULAR REACTORS AND THE TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP
- 2.1. Current status of deployment
- 2.2. Modular design and construction: Terminology
- 2.3. Nuclear power infrastructure
- 2.3.1. SMR deployment in a country with an existing nuclear power programme
- 2.3.2. SMR deployment in a country without an existing nuclear power programme: The IAEA's Milestones approach
- 2.4. Non-proliferation and safeguards
- 2.5. Technology roadmap as a concept
- 3. PROSPECTS, IMPEDIMENTS AND DEPLOYMENT INDICATORS
- 3.1. Prospects
- 3.1.1. Enhanced safety, energy security and carbon free power
- 3.1.2. Smaller grids, remote locations, integration with renewables and replacement of ageing fossil fuelled plants
- 3.1.3. Easier to site and smaller emergency planning zones
- 3.1.4. Capacity factors and incremental additions of generating capacity
- 3.1.5. Dispatchable integration with non-dispatchable renewables and the future grid
- 3.1.6. Non-electrical applications and water usage
- 3.1.7. Public acceptance, localization and decommissioning
- 3.1.8. Economics and reduced debt financing
- 3.2. Issues and impediments
- 3.2.1. Economics and early adopter of first of a kind technology
- 3.2.2. Licensing issues and the need for harmonization
- 3.2.3. Fuel burnup
- 3.2.4. Public acceptance
- 3.2.5. Continued R&D
- 3.2.6. Infrastructure considerations of SMRs in the context of the IAEA's Milestones approach
- 3.2.7. Operation and maintenance of novel technology
- 3.3. Indicators of SMR deployment
- 3.3.1. Categories and indicators for SMR deployment
- 3.3.2. Overview of the methodology
- 4. STAKEHOLDERS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
- 4.1. Stakeholders
- 4.1.1. Designer/supplier
- 4.1.2. Owner/operating organization
- 4.1.3. Technical support organization
- 4.1.4. Investors
- 4.1.5. Regulatory bodies
- 4.1.6. Government
- 4.1.7. Public
- 4.1.8. Other stakeholders
- 4.2. Regulatory frameworks
- 5. TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYABLE SMR TECHNOLOGY
- 5.1. Generic roadmap for the owner/operating organization
- 5.1.1. Task 1: Project creation
- 5.1.2. Task 2: Planning, financing, contracting and siting
- 5.1.3. Task 3: Site specific design and engineering support
- 5.1.4. Task 4: Licensing and regulatory oversight
- 5.1.5. Task 5: Procurement, supplier development and qualification
- 5.1.6. Task 6: Construction
- 5.1.7. Task 7: Training and initial startup
- 5.1.8. Task 8: Operations, spent fuel/waste management and decommissioning
- 5.2. Generic roadmap for the designer/supplier
- 5.2.1. Task 1: Project creation, conceptual design, funding and economic studies
- 5.2.2. Task 2: Basic design and engineering development
- 5.2.3. Task 3: Detailed design, testing and validation
- 5.2.4. Task 4: Fuel design assessment and qualification
- 5.2.5. Task 5: Supplier development and qualification
- 5.2.6. Task 6: Pre-licensing discussion and/or design certification activities
- 5.2.7. Task 7: Owner/licensee and international interactions
- 5.2.8. Documentation
- 5.2.9. Minimization of project risks
- 5.3. Generic approach for regulatory bodies
- 5.3.1. Establishing a versatile and clear regulatory framework
- 5.3.2. Capacity and capabilities to assess competencies of future licensees
- 5.3.3. Receptiveness and capabilities to adopt and cope with new technological approaches
- 6. DEVELOPING REACTOR TECHNOLOGY WITH LONGER DEVELOPMENT TIMELINES
- 6.1. Relevant technical areas and support for R&D
- 6.1.1. Technology readiness assessments and identifying technology gaps
- 6.1.2. Technology development and demonstration plans
- 6.1.3. Non-electrical applications of SMRs
- 6.1.4. Integration of renewable energy sources with nuclear power
- 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- Annex REVIEW OF SMR DESIGNS IN OPERATION OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION
- ABBREVIATIONS
- CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
