Integrated Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging: A Guide for the Practitioner

Name: Integrated Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging: A Guide for the Practitioner
Brand: International Atomic Energy Agency
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IAEA(Author)

International Atomic Energy Agency (Publisher)

Published on 14. June 2021

258 pages

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978-92-0-101621-8 (ISBN)

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Intro
Chapter 1INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1.2. Objective
1.3. Scope
1.4. Structure
Part IFUNDAMENTALS OF NON-INVASIVE CARDIAC IMAGING
Chapter 2NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY:SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
2.1. Hardware
2.2 Software
2.3. Hybrid SPECT-CT imaging systems
2.3.1. Techniques
2.3.2. Types of stress used in GSPECT procedures
2.3.3. Acquisition and interpretation of images
2.3.4. Reporting
2.4. Safety
2.5. Key messages
References to Chapter 2
Chapter 3NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY:POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
3.1. Basic principles
3.1.1. Hardware
3.1.2. Software
3.2. Cardiac PET radiotracers
3.2.1. 82Ru
3.2.2. 13N ammonia
3.2.3. 15O water
3.2.4. Flurpiridaz
3.2.5. 18F-FDG
3.3. Imaging protocols
3.3.1. MPI and MBF quantification
3.3.2. Myocardial viability and sarcoid imaging
3.3.3. Coronary artery calcium scoring with PET-CT
3.3.4. Display of PET perfusion rest-stress and perfusion-metabolism images
3.3.5. Elements of a comprehensive cardiac PET report
3.4. Key messages
References to Chapter 3
Chapter 4ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
4.1. Physics of echocardiography
4.2. 2-D and 3-D echocardiography
4.3. Doppler echocardiography
4.3.1. Spectral Doppler imaging
4.3.2. Tissue Doppler imaging
4.4. Speckle tracking echocardiography
4.5. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography
4.6. 3-D echocardiography
4.7. Contrast echocardiography
4.8. Key messages
References to Chapter 4
Chapter 5CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
5.1. Basics of magnetic resonance imaging
5.2. Cardiac magnetic resonance
5.3. Blood flow evaluation using CMR
5.4. 4-D flow cardiac magnetic resonance
5.5. Safety considerations
5.6. Key messages
References to Chapter 5
Chapter 6CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
6.1. Basic principles
6.2. Computed tomography hardware and software
6.2.1. Minimum standards
6.2.2. Recent developments
6.2.3. Software for coronary computed tomography angiography
6.2.4. Software for determining the coronary artery calcium score
6.3. Techniques
6.3.1. Patient preparation
6.3.2. CCTA image acquisition
6.3.3. CCTA image analysis
6.4. Advanced CCT techniques
6.4.1. CACS image acquisition and reconstruction
6.4.2. CACS image analysis
6.4.3. Coronary artery calcification on non-dedicated imaging
6.4.4. Non-coronary cardiac imaging
6.5. Safety
6.5.1. Radiation dose parameters
6.5.2. Radiation dose of CCTA
6.5.3. Radiation dose risks
6.5.4. Iodinated contrast
6.5.5. Other medication
6.6. Key messages
References to Chapter 6
Part IICLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Chapter 7INTEGRATED NON-INVASIVE CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING IN ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE
7.1. Concept
7.2. Integrating the basics: ETT and echocardiography
7.2.1. Integrating with more advanced imaging using nuclear cardiology and computed tomography
7.2.2. Integrating basic modalities with other modalities
7.2.3. Key aspects for successful integration between modalities
7.3. Future of integrated cardiovascular imaging
7.4. Key messages
References to Chapter 7
Chapter 8APPROPRIATE USE OF NON-INVASIVE CARDIAC IMAGING TECHNIQUES
8.1. Framework of appropriate imaging guidelines
8.2. Definition of appropriateness and application of guidelines
8.3. Future directions
8.4. Key messages
References to Chapter 8
Chapter 9CURRENT EVIDENCE AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM RANDOMIZED TRIALS IN CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
9.1. Hierarchy of clinical research evidence in cardiovascular imaging
9.2. Evidentiary standards for quality cardiovascular imaging
9.3. Lessons learned from observational data: Examples in nuclear cardiology
9.4. Defining comparative effectiveness
9.5. Examples of controlled clinical trials
9.6. Examples of comparative effectiveness trials
9.7. Therapeutic risk reduction: Guiding therapeutic decision making
9.8. Assimilating evidence into evaluation algorithms
9.9. Key messages
References to Chapter 9
Chapter 10STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
10.1. Clinical presentation
10.2. Risk prediction models and pre-test probability
10.2.1. Advantages of prediction models
10.2.2. Disadvantages of prediction models
10.3. Role of basic investigations
10.4. Role of non-invasive imaging in clinical decision making
10.5. Imaging algorithms based on clinical presentation
10.5.1. Investigation of suspected stable coronary artery disease
10.5.2. Important considerations when choosing a diagnostic test
10.5.3. Pre-operative risk assessment prior to non-cardiac surgery
10.5.4. Incidental identification of CAD on imaging performed for other reasons
10.6. Conclusion
10.7. Key messages
References to Chapter 10
Chapter 11ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
11.1. Definition of acute coronary syndrome
11.2. Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome
11.3. Role of non-invasive imaging in acute coronary syndrome
11.4. Clinical utility of non-invasive imaging in acute coronary syndrome
11.4.1. Echocardiography
11.4.2. Coronary computed tomography angiography
11.4.3. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
11.4.4. Radionuclide imaging: SPECT and PET
11.5. Case based approach to imaging in acute coronary syndromes
11.5.1. Suspected ACS: Case 1
11.5.2. Suspected ACS: Case 2
11.5.3. NSTE-ACS: Case 3
11.5.4. STE-ACS: Case 4
11.5.5. STE-ACS: Case 5
11.6. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries
11.7. Key messages
References to Chapter 11
Chapter 12HEART FAILURE
12.1. Global and regional left ventricular function
12.2. Left ventricular size and shape
12.3. Myocardial morphology and function
12.4. Myocardial ischaemia or viability
12.5. Left atrium and right ventricle
12.6. Valve disease
12.7. Key messages
References to Chapter 12
Chapter 13CARDIOMYOPATHIES
13.1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
13.2. Dilated cardiomyopathy
13.3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
13.4. Specific cardiomyopathies
13.4.1. Cardiac amyloidosis
13.4.2. Cardiac sarcoidosis
13.4.3. Anderson-Fabry disease
13.5. Classification of cardiomyopathies according to left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction
13.6. Key messages
References to Chapter 13
Chapter 14PERICARDIAL DISEASES
14.1. Acute pericarditis
14.1.1. Definition and clinical presentation
14.1.2. Imaging algorithms and modalities for acute pericarditis based on clinical presentation
14.2. Cardiac tamponade
14.2.1. Cardiac computed tomography
14.2.2. Cardiac magnetic resonance
14.3. Constrictive pericarditis
14.3.1. Definition and clinical presentation
14.3.2. Imaging modalities for constrictive pericarditis
14.4. Key messages
References to Chapter 14
Chapter 15PRIMARY VALVE DISEASES
15.1. Causes of valve disease
15.2. Signs, symptoms and diagnosis of valvular heart disease
15.3. Classification of the severity of primary valvular pathologies
15.4. Pre-operative imaging evaluations in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis
15.5. Role of CMR imaging in patients with primary valve disease
15.6. Assessment of coronary anatomy in patients with primary valvular heart disease prior to surgical interventions
15.7. Follow-up of patients with prosthetic valves
15.8. Role of imaging in planning percutaneous interventions for aortic stenosis
15.9. Role of nuclear cardiology in patients with primary valve disease
15.10. Follow-up and treatment of patients with advanced valvular heart disease
15.11. Case presentation
15.12. Key messages
References to Chapter 15
Chapter 16CARDIO-ONCOLOGY
16.1. Definition
16.2. Clinical presentations
16.2.1. Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
16.2.2. Heart failure
16.2.3. Vascular disease
16.2.4. Pericardial disease
16.2.5. Valvular complications
16.3. Imaging algorithms based on clinical presentation
16.4. Selection of an imaging modality
16.5. Echocardiography
16.6. Nuclear imaging
16.7. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
16.8. Key messages
References to Chapter 16
Chapter 17ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
17.1. Guidelines
17.2. Clinical presentation
17.3. Imaging modalities
17.4. Specific disease entities
17.4.1. Atrial septal defect
17.4.2. Ventricular septal defect
17.4.3. Atrioventricular septal defect
17.4.4. Patent ductus arteriosus
17.4.5. Left sided heart obstructive lesions (aortic valve disease, coarctation of aorta)
17.4.6. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
17.4.7. Coronary artery abnormalities
17.4.8. Pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger's syndrome
17.4.9. Tetralogy of Fallot
17.4.10. Dextrotransposition of the great arteries
17.4.11. Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
17.4.12. Ebstein's anomaly
17.4.13. Single ventricle diseases
17.5. Key messages
References to Chapter 17
Chapter 18ENDOCARDITIS
18.1. Epidemiology and clinical presentation
18.2. Diagnostic imaging
18.3. Echocardiography
18.4. Multislice gated cardiac computed tomography
18.5. Cardiac magnetic resonance
18.6. Nuclear molecular and functional imaging
18.6.1. 18F-FDG PET-CT
18.6.2. SPECT-CT with labelled leukocytes
18.6.3. Imaging algorithms based on clinical presentation
18.7. Key messages
References to Chapter 18
Bibliography to Chapter 18
Chapter 19IMAGING CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS WITH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
19.1. Molecular imaging
19.2. Plaque features on CCTA that predict outcome and myocardial ischaemia
19.3. Key messages
References to Chapter 19
ABBREVIATIONS
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Integrated Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging: A Guide for the Practitioner

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