The Struggle for Scripture and Covenant

Name: The Struggle for Scripture and Covenant | The Purpose of the Epistle of Barnabas and Jewish-Christian Competition in the Second Century
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The Purpose of the Epistle of Barnabas and Jewish-Christian Competition in the Second Century

Reidar Hvalvik(Author)

Mohr Siebeck (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 10. December 2019

415 pages

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978-3-16-157471-9 (ISBN)

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Cover
Titel
Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
A note on texts and translations used in this work
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Epistle of Barnabas in Recent Research
1.2. Approach and Method
1.2.1. The neglected questions
1.2.2. The purpose of Barnabas - An examination of earlier views
1.2.3. The approach of this work
1.3. The Date of Barnabas
1.3.1. Introductory considerations
1.3.2. Barnabas 16:3-4
1.3.3. Chapter 16 and the purpose of Barnabas
1.3.4. Barnabas 4:3-6a
EXCURSUS 1: The chronological reference in Barnabas 4:3-6a
EXCURSUS 2: Barnabas' knowledge of New Testament writings
1.4. The Provenance of Barnabas
1.4.1. Different solutions evaluated
1.4.1.1. Egypt/Alexandria
1.4.1.2. Syria-Palestine
1.4.1.3. Asia Minor
1.4.2. Conclusion
1.5. The Author and the Addressees
1.5.1. The background of the author
1.5.2. The addressees
1.5.3. The author as a teacher
1.5.4. The relation between author and addressees
1.6. Preliminary Conclusions
PART TWO: THE PURPOSE OF BARNABAS
2.1. The Governing Idea of Barnabas
2.1.1. Frequent words
2.1.2. The main semantic fields
2.1.2.1. Knowledge, learning and understanding
2.1.2.2. Jews and Judaism
2.1.2.3. The Two Ways
2.2. The Literary Character of Barnabas
2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Barnabas as a homily
2.2.3. The epistolary character of Barnabas
2.2.3.1. The letter opening
2.2.3.2. Other epistolary features
2.2.3.3. Letter or epistle?
2.3. Texts Related to Purpose and Occasion
2.3.1. Barnabas 1:5 and the explicit purpose of the letter
2.3.2. Judaism as a threat? (Barn. 2:9 and 3:6)
2.3.3. The central issue (Barn. 4:6-7)
2.3.3.1. The polemical front in 4:6-7
2.3.3.2. Barnabas 4:6 and the anti-Jewish tendency of the letter
2.3.3.3. Barnabas 4:6 and the purpose of the letter
2.3.4. The ethical orientation and the purpose of Barnabas
2.4. Barnabas' Theological Concern (1): The Interpretation of Scripture
2.4.1. Barnabas' view and use of Scripture
2.4.1.1. Barnabas' understanding of Scripture
2.4.1.2. The introductory formulas
2.4.2. Barnabas' use of Scripture
2.4.2.1. "Typological" interpretation
2.4.2.2. Allegorical interpretation
2.4.2.3. "Spiritualizing" and abolition
2.4.2.4. Literal interpretation
2.4.3. Barnabas' interpretation of Scripture and his purpose
2.4.4. The struggle for Scripture
2.5. Barnabas' Theological Concern (2): The Two Peoples and the Two Way
2.5.1. The two peoples
2.5.1.1. The Jews
2.5.1.2. The Jews and the way of darkness
2.5.1.3. The new people - the Christians
2.5.1.4. Christ, his suffering and the two peoples
2.5.1.5. Israel and "salvation history
2.5.2. The covenant and the heirs
2.5.2.1. The content of the covenant
2.5.2.2. Covenant, baptism and salvation
2.5.3. The struggle for the covenant
2.6. The Choice Between Judaism and Christianity
2.6.1. Barnabas as a protreptic letter
2.6.2. The purpose and occasion of Barnabas
2.7. The Train of Thought and Argument in Barnabas
2.7.1. Analysis of Barnabas 1-21
2.7.2. Concluding remrks
2.7.3. An outline of the structure of Barnabas
EXCURSUS 3: Coherence and structure in Barnabas
PART THREE: JUDAISM AS A CHALLENGE TO THE EARLY CHURCH
3.0. Introduction: Judaism in the First Centuries CE
3.1. Mission and Competition
3.1.1. The evidence from Acts
3.1.2. The reason for Jewish opposition
3.2. Hostility as Evidence for Competition
3.2.1. Introduction
3.2.2. The extent of Jewish hostility against Christians
3.2.3. The different forms of Jewish hostility against Christians
3.2.3.1. Jewish persecution
3.2.3.2. Cursing in the synagogues
3.2.3.3. Spreading of false rumours
3.2.4. The reasons for Jewish hostility
3.3. God-fearers and Gentile Adherents to Judaism
3.3.1. The problem of the God-fearers
3.3.1.1. The evidence of Acts
3.3.1.2. Other Jewish and Gentile literary evidence
3.3.1.3. Archaeological evidence
3.3.2. Gentile relations to Judaism
3.3.2.1. The importance of Gentile sympathizers and adherents
3.3.2.2. The competition for the rich and wealthy
3.3.2.3. The role of women
3.4. Judaism as a "Missionary" Religion
3.4.1. The problem: was ancient Judaism a missionary religion?
3.4.2. The consciousness of having a mission
3.4.2.1. The interpretation of the Diaspora situation
3.4.2.2. The fate of the Gentiles
3.4.3. The attitude to converts and proselytism
3.4.4. Missionaries in ancient Christianity and Judaism
3.4.4.1. Missionary work in the early Church
3.4.4.1.1. Missionaries sent out from a congregation
3.4.4.1.2. Itinerant missionaries
3.4.4.1.3. Missionaries with a secular profession
3.4.4.1.4. Resident teachers
3.4.4.2. The existence of Jewish missionaries
3.4.4.2.1. Jewish itinerant missionaries
3.4.4.2.2. Jewish missionaries with a secular profession
3.4.4.2.3. Jewish resident teachers
3.4.4.2.4. Other evidence of Jewish missionary activity
3.4.5. Changes in attitude and practice?
3.4.5.1. Political factors
3.4.5.2. The religious development of Judaism
3.4.5.3. The impact of Christianity
3.4.5.4. Conclusion
3.4.6. Factors leading to expansion
3.4.6.1. Recruiting behaviour
3.4.6.2. The religious heritage of the Jews: the ancient laws of Moses
3.4.6.3. The central institution: the synagogue
3.4.7. Gentiles and Christians attracted to Judaism
3.5. Conclusion: Judaism as a Challenge to the Early Church
PART FOUR: CONCLUSION
4.1. Barnabas and Judaism
4.2. Barnabas' Theological Profile
APPENDIX: Scriptural quotations in Barnabas
Bibliography
Ancient Writings Index
Author Index
Subject Index

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