
Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights
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Content
- Cover
- Introduction
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- The Rise of the Neo-Patrimonial State in South Africa: From the Rule of Law to the Rule of Persons
- I. Introduction
- II. Key features of a neo-patrimonial state
- III. The South African version of the rational-legal state
- IV. The South African version of the neo-patrimonial state
- V. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Comment: Rule of Law under German and European Constitutional Law - Comments on the Rise of the Neo-Patrimonial State in South Africa: From the Rule of Law to the Rule of Persons
- I. Introduction
- II. The rule of law - "thin" or "thick"?
- III. The rule of law in the German Constitution
- IV. The rule of law in the EU
- V. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Legal Certainty in Terms of Head-of-State Immunity from an African and an International Perspective: The Article 27(2) Conundrum
- I. Introduction
- II. Events leading to the "Jordan Appeal"
- III. Interpreting Article 27(2) in accordance with the Vienna conventions
- IV. An overview of the debate as highlighted by the Jordan Referral
- V. International and African Perspectives
- 1. South Africa
- 2. Democratic Republic of the Congo
- VI. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- South Africa
- ICC Cases
- Comment: Head of State Immunity in Times of Uncertainty for International Law
- I. The ICC Appeals Chamber judgment in the Al-Bashir case and the persisting uncertainty surrounding head of state immunity
- II. Head of state immunity and the uncertain foundations of current international law
- III. The interplay between immunity and methodology in the Al-Bashir case
- IV. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- International Court of Justice
- International Criminal Court
- Permanent Court of International Justice
- Special Court for Sierra Leone
- Kenya
- South Africa
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- United States of America
- Legal Certainty and International Crimes: A Public International Law Perspective
- I. Introduction
- II. Customary international law and the strict interpretation of opinio juris and usus
- III. The core international crimes and the ICC Statute
- 1. Genocide
- 2. Crimes against humanity
- 3. War crimes
- 4. Crime of aggression
- IV. International crimes in terms of the Malabo Protocol
- V. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- International Criminal Court
- International Court of Justice
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
- International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
- International Military Tribunal
- Permanent Court of International Justice
- Special Court for Sierra Leone
- United Nations Documents
- Internet Sources
- Comment: Legal Certainty and Human Rights in the European Legal Order - The Treatment of Preventive Detention in the German Federal Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights
- I. Introduction
- II. The "lively tension" between legal certainty and substantive justice
- III. The nulla poena and nullum crimen principles in the European legal order
- 1. Legal foundations of the principles
- a) The German Constitution
- b) The European Convention on Human Rights
- c) The European Charter of Fundamental Rights
- d) Difference in scope and content
- 2. Legal certainty caught in judicial dialogue
- a) The German twin-track system of sanctions
- b) Preventive detention as a measure of correction and prevention
- c) Qualifying preventive detention: the BVerfG's view
- d) Strasbourg's divergent view on the definition of "penalty"
- e) The implementation of the ECtHR's judgment in German law
- 3. The role of the Convention in the German legal order
- IV. Reciprocal influences
- V. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- The Significance of the Erga Omnes Obligation to Prosecute Genocide for Legal Certainty in International Criminal Law
- I. Prefatory remarks
- II. The time period immediately following the commission of gross human rights violations within the responsible state
- 1. The establishment of a new government
- 2. The investigation of alleged violations and establishment of criminal tribunals and courts
- 3. Peacebuilding
- III. Erga omnes obligations regarding individual criminal responsibility
- 1. Aut dedere aut judicare - the duty to extradite or prosecute
- 2. The obligation to cooperate with international or national criminal courts and tribunals
- 3. Primacy and the principle of complementarity: the relationship between national and international criminal courts and tribunals
- IV. Civil accountability in terms of the principles of state responsibility
- V. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Permanent Court of International Justice
- International Court of Justice
- International Criminal Court
- International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
- South Africa
- Preventive Justice and the Dangerous Offender: Seeking Solutions to Protect Society
- I. Introduction
- II. Preventive detention in various jurisdictions
- 1. South Africa
- a) Declaration as habitual criminal
- b) Declaration as dangerous criminal
- c) Life imprisonment
- 2. England and Wales
- a) Life imprisonment
- b) Imprisonment for public protection (IPP)
- c) Extended sentences
- 3. Canada
- a) Dangerous offenders
- b) Long-term offenders
- c) Preventive recognizances
- 4. Germany
- a) Life imprisonment
- b) Post-sentence preventive detention
- III. Discussion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- South Africa
- European Court for Human Rights (ECtHR)
- England and Wales
- Canada
- Germany
- The Legislative Possibilities and Challenges Relating to the Private Possession and Use of Cannabis in South Africa
- I. Prefatory comments
- II. Introduction
- III. In the High Court
- IV. In the Constitutional Court
- V. The right of an employer in terms of Section 7 of the Employment Equity Act
- VI. Comparative perspectives
- VII. Concluding remarks
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Comment: The Legalization of Cannabis in Germany
- I. The current legal position
- 1. Criminal liability today
- a) The universal problem of criminalizing "soft" drugs
- b) Introducing the BtMG
- c) The term "small quantities"
- 2. The "Cannabis Decision" of the BVerfG
- a) Background
- b) The judgment of the BVerfG
- c) Criticism
- 3. Drug offenses under Section 29 BtMG between 2007 and 2018
- II. Approaches to legalization
- 1. Criticism
- 2. Cannabis allowed as medicine
- 3. Further approaches to legalization
- a) The "Cannabis Control Act" - Green Party
- b) Motions by the Free Democratic Party and the Left Party
- c) The Federal Government's view
- III. Discussion and conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Sustainable Development, Bureaucratic Implementation and the Need for Jurisprudential Certainty
- I. Introduction
- II. The emergence of sustainable development in the international arena
- III. The introduction of sustainable development into South African law
- IV. The nature of environmental decision-making and sustainable development - a challenging mandate
- V. Jurisprudential beginnings - authorisations and adjudication in the early years
- VI. Building new jurisprudential dimensions on decision-making and sustainable development - more recent developments
- VII. Jurisprudential development in the compliance and enforcement context - the early years of adjudication
- VIII. A step backwards? - Concurrent and recent compliance and enforcement judgments
- IX. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Comment: Sustainable Legislation
- I. Preliminary remarks
- II. Sustainability in German and European environmental law
- 1. Sustainability in German environmental law
- 2. Sustainability in EU law
- 3. From three pillars of sustainability to 38 reference topics
- III. Sustainability as a procedural concept
- IV. Sustainability as a general guideline for legislation
- 1. Internal guidelines of the Federal Government
- 2. Institutional complementation in the German Bundestag
- V. Conclusion: Disillusion
- Bibliography
- Labour Law, Vulnerable Workers and the Human-Rights Paradigm
- I. Introduction
- II. Labour law and human rights
- III. Significance of interpretation in the activation of human rights
- IV. The role of the courts in extending protection to vulnerable workers
- V. Concluding remarks
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Comment: Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law - Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe
- I. Introduction: an era of experiments and experiences in legislation against discrimination
- II. Prosecution of discrimination and available sanctions
- III. Persons protected and persons responsible in cases of discrimination
- IV. Prohibited grounds of discrimination
- 1. Legal situation in Germany
- 2. Legal comparison in Europe: more or less prohibited grounds?
- 3. Practical significance of the listed grounds
- V. Legal consequences of discrimination, and sanctions against discrimination
- 1. Challenges for the legislature
- 2. Current German law
- 3. Experiences and evaluation
- VI. Institutions against discrimination
- VII. The problem of abuse of the law and fraud: major problem or a trivial matter?
- 1. Problems in law and society
- 2. Experiences in practice
- VIII. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Equality, Legal Certainty and Insolvency
- I. Introduction
- II. Legal certainty
- III. Equality and insolvency law
- 1. The fundamental right to equality
- 2. Equality in Sarrahwitz
- a) The judgment
- b) Implications and criticism
- 3. The right to equality and the ranking of claims in insolvency
- 4. Equality and the existence of secured claims
- 5. Equality and the recognition of statutory priorities
- IV. Alternatives to the pari passu ranking of remaining claims
- V. Conclusion: To equality and beyond?
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Comment: The Principle of Equal Treatment of Creditors and its Limits Under German Law, Illustrated on the Basis of the Law on Limited Liability Companies
- I. The relationship between private autonomy and equal treatment of creditors under German law
- 1. Civil law and commercial law
- 2. Insolvency law
- II. No general principle of equal treatment of creditors (par conditio creditorum)
- III. Insolvency law for legal entities, such as limited liability companies (GmbH)
- IV. Duty to file for insolvency
- V. (Restricted) equal treatment of creditors upon insolvency of the GmbH
- VI. Refusal to open insolvency proceedings for insufficiency of assets
- VII. Objectives of the liquidation of a GmbH
- VIII. No general principle of equal treatment of creditors in the winding up (liquidation) of a GmbH
- IX. Winding up of a GmbH with no assets
- X. Legal policy considerations de lege ferenda
- XI. Summary
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Market Conduct Regulation in Perspective: Triumphs and Tribulations post Twin Peaks
- I. Introduction
- II. Supervisory framework: Overview
- III. Legislative instruments
- 1. The Financial Services Regulation Act
- 2. The Insurance Act
- a) Aim of the Act
- b) Classification of insurance business
- c) Financial inclusion and microinsurance
- 3. The Policyholder Protection Rules
- a) Introduction
- b) Product service and design
- c) Promotion and marketing
- d) Advice and point of sale
- e) Information after point of sale
- f) Complaints and claims handling
- 4. The COFI Bill
- IV. Critical evaluation
- V. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- Comment: Market-Conduct Regulation in Germany and Europe
- I. Introduction
- II. The supervisory system in German capital markets law
- 1. The current position - a critical analysis
- a) The BaFin
- b) The relationship between supervisory authorities and the public prosecutor's office
- 2. Legal proposals
- a) Establishing a Germany-wide public prosecutor's office for capital markets crimes
- b) The right to implement regulatory sanctions
- III. The supervisory system in European capital markets law
- 1. Harmonisation efforts over the past few decades
- a) The Lamfalussy process
- b) Larosière: from the CESR to the ESMA
- 2. Proposals with a view to future regulation
- a) In favour of more: A European task force
- b) In favour of less: devolving authority on the basis of irrelevance to the internal market
- c) Realising European legal principles and regulatory objectives under capital markets law
- Bibliography
- Register of cases
- European Court of Justice (ECJ)
- German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG)
- German Federal Court of Justice (BGH)
- Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG)
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