
Arduino: A Technical Reference
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Content
- Intro
- Copyright
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Intended Audience
- What This Book Is
- What This Book Is Not
- About Terminology
- What's in This Book
- Endorsements
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Safari® Books Online
- How to Contact Us
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. The Arduino Family
- A Brief History
- Types of Arduino Devices
- Arduino Galleries
- Arduino-Compatible Devices
- Hardware-Compatible Devices
- Software-Compatible Devices
- The Arduino Naming Convention
- What Can You Do with an Arduino?
- For More Information
- Chapter 2. The AVR Microcontroller
- Background
- Internal Architecture
- Internal Memory
- Peripheral Functions
- Control Registers
- Digital I/O Ports
- 8-Bit Timer/Counters
- 16-Bit Timer/Counters
- Timer/Counter Prescaler
- Analog Comparator
- Analog-to-Digital Converter
- Serial I/O
- USART
- SPI
- TWI
- Interrupts
- Watchdog Timer
- Electrical Characteristics
- For More Information
- Chapter 3. Arduino-Specific AVR Microcontrollers
- ATmega168/328
- Memory
- Features
- Packages
- Ports
- Pin Functions
- Analog Comparator Inputs
- Analog Inputs
- Serial Interfaces
- Timer/Clock I/O
- External Interrupts
- Arduino Pin Assignments
- Basic Electrical Characteristics
- ATmega1280/ATmega2560
- Memory
- Features
- Packages
- Ports
- Pin Functions
- Analog Comparator Inputs
- Analog Inputs
- Serial Interfaces
- Timer/Clock I/O
- External Interrupts
- Arduino Pin Assignments
- Electrical Characteristics
- ATmega32U4
- Memory
- Features
- Packages
- Ports
- Pin Functions
- Analog Comparator Inputs
- Analog Inputs
- Serial Interfaces
- Timer/Clock I/O
- External Interrupts
- USB 2.0 Interface
- Electrical Characteristics
- Arduino Pin Assignments
- Fuse Bits
- For More Information
- Chapter 4. Arduino Technical Details
- Arduino Features and Capabilities
- Arduino USB Interfaces
- Arduino Physical Dimensions
- Full-Size Baseline Arduino PCB Types
- Mega Form-Factor Arduino PCB Types
- Small Form-Factor Arduino PCB Types
- Special-Purpose PCB Types
- Arduino Pinout Configurations
- The Baseline Arduino Pin Layout
- The Extended Baseline Pin Layout
- The Mega Pin Layout
- Nonstandard Layouts
- For More Information
- Chapter 5. Programming the Arduino and AVR Microcontrollers
- Cross-Compiling for Microcontrollers
- Bootloaders
- The Arduino IDE Environment
- Installing the Arduino IDE
- Configuring the Arduino IDE
- Cross-Compiling with the Arduino IDE
- The Arduino Executable Image
- The Arduino Software Build Process
- Sketch Tabs
- Arduino Software Architecture
- Runtime Support: The main() Function
- An Example Sketch
- Constants
- Global Variables
- Libraries
- Using Libraries in Sketches
- Adding a Library to the Arduino IDE
- Creating Custom Libraries
- Arduino Source Code
- Chapter 6. Life Without the Arduino IDE
- IDE Alternatives
- PlatformIO
- Ino
- The AVR Toolchain
- Installing the Toolchain
- make
- avr-gcc
- binutils
- avr-libc
- Building C or C++ Programs from Scratch
- Compiling with avr-gcc or avr-g++
- Multiple Source Files and make
- AVR Assembly Language
- The AVR Programming Model
- Creating AVR Assembly Language Programs
- AVR Assembly Language Resources
- Uploading AVR Executable Code
- In-System Programming
- Programming with the Bootloader
- Uploading Without the Bootloader
- JTAG
- AVRDUDE
- Using an Arduino as an ISP
- Bootloader Operation
- Replacing the Bootloader
- Summary
- Chapter 7. Arduino Libraries
- Library Components
- Contributed Libraries
- Chapter 8. Shields
- Electrical Characteristics of Shields
- Physical Characteristics of Shields
- Stacking Shields
- Common Arduino Shields
- Input/Output
- I/O Extension Shields
- I/O Expansion Shields
- Relay Shields
- Signal Routing Shields
- Memory
- Communication
- Serial I/O and MIDI
- Ethernet
- Bluetooth
- USB
- ZigBee
- CAN
- Prototyping
- Creating a Custom Prototype Shield
- Motion Control
- DC and Stepper Motor Control
- PWM and Servo Control
- Displays
- Instrumentation Shields
- Adapter Shields
- Miscellaneous Shields
- Uncommon Arduino Shields
- Sources
- Chapter 9. Modules and I/O Components
- Modules
- Physical Form Factors
- Interfaces
- Module Sources
- Module Descriptions
- Grove Modules
- Sensor and Module Descriptions
- Sensors
- Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure Sensors
- Tilt Sensors
- Audio Sensors
- Light Sensors
- Magnetic Sensors
- Vibration and Shock Sensors
- Motion Sensors
- Contact and Position Sensors
- Range Sensors
- Communications
- APC220 Wireless Modules
- 315/433 MHz RF Modules
- ESP8266 Transceiver
- Output Devices and Components
- Light Sources
- Relays, Motors, and Servos
- Analog Signal Outputs
- User Input
- Keypads
- Joysticks
- Potentiometers and Rotary Encoders
- User Output
- Text Displays
- Graphical Displays
- Support Functions
- Clocks
- Timers
- Connections
- Working with Naked Jumper Wires
- Module Connection Systems
- Building Custom Connectors
- Choosing a Connection Method
- Sources
- Summary
- Chapter 10. Creating Custom Components
- Getting Started
- Custom Shields
- Physical Considerations
- Stacking Shields
- Electrical Considerations
- The GreenShield Custom Shield
- Objectives
- Definition and Planning
- Design
- Prototype
- Final Software
- Fabrication
- Final Acceptance Testing
- Operation
- Next Steps
- Custom Arduino-Compatible Designs
- Programming a Custom Design
- The Switchinator
- Definition and Planning
- Design
- Prototype
- Software
- Fabrication
- Acceptance Testing
- Next Steps
- Resources
- Chapter 11. Project: A Programmable Signal Generator
- Project Objectives
- Definition and Planning
- Design
- Functionality
- Enclosure
- Schematic
- Prototype
- Control Inputs and Modes
- Display Output
- DDS Module
- Software
- Source Code Organization
- Software Description
- The DDS Library
- Testing
- Final Assembly
- Pull-up Resistor Array
- Input Protection
- Chassis Components
- DC Power
- Final Testing and Closing
- Reducing the Cost
- Cost Breakdown
- Resources
- Chapter 12. Project: Smart Thermostat
- Background
- HVAC Overview
- Temperature Control Basics
- Smart Temperature Control
- Project Objectives
- Definition and Planning
- Design
- Functionality
- Enclosure
- Schematic
- Software
- User Input/Output
- Control Output
- Prototype
- DHT22 Sensor
- Rotary Encoder
- Real-Time Clock Module
- LCD Shield
- Software
- Source Code Organization
- Software Description
- Testing
- Final Version
- Assembly
- Testing and Operation
- Cost Breakdown
- Next Steps
- Resources
- Chapter 13. Model Rocket Launcher: A Design Study
- Overview
- The Design Cycle
- Objectives
- Selecting and Defining Functional Requirements
- Creating the Preliminary Design
- Design Feasibility
- Preliminary Parts List
- Prototype
- Final Design
- Electrical
- Physical
- Software
- Testing and Operation
- Cost Analysis
- Appendix A. Tools and Accessories
- Hand Tools
- Screwdrivers
- Pliers and Cutters
- Wire Strippers
- Connector Crimping Tools
- Saws
- Power Tools
- Drills
- Miniature Grinder
- Miniature Drill Press
- Soldering
- Soldering Irons
- Soldering Accessories
- Tool Sources
- Appendix B. AVR ATmega Control Registers
- ATmega168/328
- ATmega1280/2560
- ATmega32U4
- Appendix C. Arduino and Compatible Products Vendors
- Arduino Products
- Hardware-Compatible Boards and Shields
- Software-Compatible Boards
- Sensors, Add-on Boards, and Modules
- Electronics Software
- Open Source Schematic Capture Tools
- CAE Software Tools
- PCB Layout Tools
- Hardware, Components, and Tools
- Electronic Component Manufacturers
- Electronics Distributors (USA)
- Discount and Surplus Electronics
- Mechanical Parts and Hardware (Screws, Nuts, Bolts)
- Electronic Enclosures and Chassis
- Tools
- Test Equipment
- Printed Circuit Board Supplies and Fabricators
- Prototype and Fast-Turnaround Fabricators
- PCB Kit Sources
- Other Sources
- Appendix D. Recommended Reading
- Arduino
- AVR
- C and C++ Programming
- General Electronics
- Interfaces
- Instrumentation
- Printed Circuit Boards
- Appendix E. Arduino and AVR Software Development Tools
- Compilers/Assemblers
- Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
- Programming Tools
- Simulators
- Index
- About the Author
- Colophon
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