
Chinese Grammar at Work
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Content
- Chinese Grammar at Work
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Glossing conventions
- Transcription conventions
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1 The empirical turn
- 1.2 Some findings from working with naturally occurring data
- 1.2.1 Syntax of the word of
- 1.2.2 Raising construction
- 1.2.3 Constancy of percentage of nouns
- 1.2.4 Emergence of epistemic formulae
- 1.2.5 Left dislocation
- 1.2.6 Syntax of adjectives
- 1.2.7 Classifiers
- 1.2.8 Adverbial clauses
- 1.3 Discourse pragmatics in the shaping of syntax
- 1.4 Database
- 1.5 Organization of the book
- Chapter 2. The dynamics of the clausal structure
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 An illustration
- 2.3 Types of IUs
- 2.4 Clause fragments
- 2.5 Attached and unattached NP IUs
- 2.6 Topic hierarchy
- 2.7 Connectives linking IUs
- 2.8 Connectives and prosody
- 2.9 Pause markers and language production
- 2.10 Sources of messy syntax
- 2.11 Interactional and cognitive motivations
- 2.12 Conclusion
- Note
- Chapter 3. Constituency and patterns of syntactic contiguity
- 3.1 Sequential contiguity and constituent relation
- 3.2 Prosodic grouping
- 3.3 Emergent structural units
- 3.4 Locally contingent categories
- 3.5 Extensions
- 3.6 Repair and constituency
- 3.7 Conclusion
- Note
- Chapter 4. Pragmatics of word order
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Database
- 4.3 Methodology
- 4.4 Basic word order
- 4.5 Valency role orders
- 4.6 Word order and information statuses of NPs
- 4.7 Word order, identifiability and generality
- 4.8 Topicality hierarchy
- 4.9 "Subject"-like properties of NPs in clause-initial position
- 4.10 Indeterminacy in the semantics and syntax of non-canonical constructions
- 4.11 Discussion and conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 5. Referring expressions
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Cognitive statuses and referring expressions in Mandarin
- 5.2.1 Givenness hierarchy
- 5.2.2 The indefinite yi N
- 5.2.3 The emergence of the definite article in Mandarin
- 5.2.4 Uses of demonstrative determiners in Conversation
- 5.2.5 Summary
- 5.3 Referring expressions and the accessibility scale
- 5.3.1 Database
- 5.3.2 Accessibility and referential distance
- 5.3.3 Accessibility and competition
- 5.3.4 Accessibility and saliency
- 5.3.5 Summary
- 5.4 Degrees of accessibility: Finer distinctions
- 5.4.1 High accessibility markers: ZA and pronoun
- 5.4.2 Medium accessibility markers: Determinate NPs
- 5.4.3 Low accessibility markers
- 5.5 Conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 6. Classifiers and classifier constructions
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 What classifers are
- 6.3 Types of numeral classifiers
- 6.4 Abstract nouns and an incipient mass/count distinction
- 6.5 Cognitive explanation
- 6.6 Affordance and blending classifiers: beyond sortal and mensural
- 6.7 Verbal classifiers
- 6.8 Classifier constructions
- 6.9 Some observations on the historical evolution of numeral classifiers
- 6.10 Conclusion
- Note
- Chapter 7. Noun-modifying constructions
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Multiple functions of de
- 7.3 Relativization strategies
- 7.4 The standard analysis of relative clause and its problems
- 7.5 Minor relativization strategy and other unusual relativization features
- 7.6 Absence of de in a clause
- 7.7 The absolutive hypothesis
- 7.8 Constituent structure of the relative clause
- 7.9 Conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 8. Complementation constructions
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Methodology and database
- 8.3 Results
- 8.3.1 Matrix verb types
- 8.3.2 Mental verbs and verbs of saying
- 8.3.3 juede
- 8.3.4 kan
- 8.3.5 zhidao
- 8.3.6 xiang as the canonical mental predicate
- 8.4 Social action and complementation
- 8.5 Interim summary
- 8.6 Complementation and construction network
- 8.7 Conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 9. Some more constructions in Chinese
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 The presentative construction
- 9.3 The gei constructions
- 9.3.1 Stability and variability in the gei construction
- 9.3.2 Various grammaticization paths of the verb gei
- 9.4 Dative constructions and Dative-like markers: gen, dui, bang
- 9.5 The ethnotheory of the person and emotion constructions
- 9.6 The shi...de construction
- 9.7 Fluidity of transitivity
- 9.7.1 Accommodation construction
- 9.7.2 The middle construction
- 9.8 Conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 10. The left and right peripheries in the clause and sequence structure
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Sequential nature of linguistic expressions
- 10.3 An illustration
- 10.4 Discourse functions of bo
- 10.5 Sequentially sensitive nature of the discourse marker bo
- 10.5.1 Grammaticalization chains for bo
- 10.6 Turn-final discourse markers
- 10.7 Turn-initial vs. turn-final particles
- 10.7.1 Final particles in Taiwanese
- 10.7.2 Particle clusters
- 10.7.3 Final particles and subjectivity
- 10.8 Conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 11. Projection and repair
- 11.1 The predictive mind
- 11.2 Types of projection
- 11.2.1 Resources for projection
- 11.2.2 Shenme as a placeholder
- 11.2.3 The projective construction
- 11.3 Pre's
- 11.4 Repair
- 11.4.1 Repair in verb-initial languages
- 11.4.2 Repair in Mandarin
- 11.4.3 Repair patterns
- 11.5 Conclusion
- Chapter 12. Grammar, construction and social action
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Constructions in mandarin conversation
- 12.3 The qishi construction
- 12.3.1 Schematic representations of the qishi construction
- 12.3.2 Variation on the qishi schema
- 12.4 Conclusion
- Notes
- Chapter 13. Meaning in interaction
- 13.1 Posing the problem
- 13.2 Meaning negotiation
- 13.3 Natural kind terms
- 13.4 Nominal kind terms
- 13.5 Meaning and belief
- 13.6 Meaning adaptation
- 13.7 Conclusion
- Chapter 14. Language, cognition and the complexity turn in grammatical research
- 14.1 Language in its natural habitat
- 14.2 Language and situated cognition
- 14.3 Language and embodied cognition
- 14.4 Mirror neuron system and the foundation of language
- 14.5 How language use shapes grammar
- 14.6 Emergence of language structure
- 14.7 Language as a pastiche of subregularities
- 14.8 Language as a complex adaptive system
- 14.9 Concluding remarks
- Notes
- References
- Index
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