
Hearing Singing
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Content
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Preface
- Before We Start
- Who Is This Book For?
- How to Read This Book
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- The Purpose of This Book
- The Problem
- The Argument
- The Structure of This Book
- A Few Important Guardrails and Bits of Housekeeping
- Chapter 2: How We Got Here
- The Burden of What Is Known About the Voice
- Not All Singing Transmits Language
- First Steps Toward Understanding the Timbre of a Voice
- What We Choose to Notice
- Conclusion
- Chapter 3: Refining Models for Understanding the Singing Voice
- Current Pedagogic Models
- How to Understand Phonation and Resonance in the Vocal Tract
- How Does the Ear Work?
- The Most Basic Model of the Ear
- A Simple Model of the Ear
- A More Complex Model of the Ear
- Is Sound a Complex Wave or a Spectrum?
- Introducing Pitch, Auditory Roughness, and Tone Color
- Potential Conclusions and Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 4: What Is Timbre?
- What Differs? What Is the Same?
- Time and Timbre
- Potential Conclusions and Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 5: Pitch
- Pitch and Timbre
- How Do We Perceive Pitch?
- Where pitch is-and is not-in a spectrum
- When Is a Fundamental a Fundamental?
- Restating the Perceptual Qualities of Pitch
- Unresolved Harmonics: The Noise in Pitched Sound
- Issues with the Singer's Formant and Pitch
- Beginning to Understand Pitch in Other Voices
- Conclusions and Potential Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 6: Time-and-Pressure Domain Considerations of Pitch and Timbre
- Modeling Voice Production Without the Fourier Transform
- The Timing of Timbre
- What Is Formant Tuning?
- The Pitch Exception of Overtone Singing
- The Pitch Exception of Subharmonic Singing
- The Timbre Exception of Vocal Fry
- The Pitch Exception of Noisy Distortion
- Conclusions and Potential Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 7: Perceptual Qualities of Auditory Roughness and Pitch Resolution*
- What Is Auditory Roughness?
- Exploring Auditory Roughness Experientially
- Visualizing Critical Bands of Hearing
- The Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth
- The Intersection of Pitch Resolution and Buzziness in a Spectrum
- The Two-Timbre Model and Beyond
- Potential Conclusions and Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 8: Tone Color and Brightness
- What Is Brightness?
- Tone Color: Conflicts between Speech and Musical Sounds
- The History of Brightness
- What If Formants Have Tone Colors?
- Open Questions and Potential Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 9: Absolute Spectral Tone Color
- ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL TONE COLOR: HISTORY AND DEFINITION
- Absolute Spectral Tone Color: Limitations
- Exploring Absolute Spectral Tone Color Experientially
- Vowels Share Common Tone Colors
- Potential Conclusions and Applications
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 10: How Pitch, Auditory Roughness, and Tone Color Intersect: Theory and Application
- The Timbre of a Formant as Pitch Changes: A Thought Experiment
- The Intersection of Auditory Roughness, Pitch Resolution, and Tone Color In A Single Formant
- The Tone Color of "Flat" versus "Pointy" Formants
- Rules of Thumb
- Some Examples of These Intersections
- The Obvious True Fundamental
- A Combined Perceptual Model
- Perceptual Signifiers of Some Common Resonance Strategies
- The Tone Color of a Strong 1fo: Solutions for the Treble Staff and Higher
- The Tone Color of a Strong 3fo or 2fo: Money Notes across Genres
- Hearing the Entire Spectrum
- What Can Be Perceived?
- Conclusions
- Chapter 11: How to Teach Singing
- How a Singer Should Think
- The Five Steps in All Singing
- The Registration Triangle
- A Few Practical Things to Keep in Mind
- Is It Consistent? Is It Representative?
- Different Parts of the Voice
- What Does a Resonance Strategy Feel Like?
- How the Entire System Works
- Respiration
- Phonation and Resonation
- Acoustical Interactions
- Summary
- Good Rules of Thumb to Connect Perception to Function
- Chapter 12: Pedagogic Practices and Functional Listening Examples
- Adjacent or Intermediate Functions and Exercises
- Airflow Is Warmth / Warmth Is Airflow
- Going on a Brightness Hunt
- The Middle-Voice Slide
- The Terrible Treble Ah
- Same Shape / New Sound for Non-Trebles
- Same Shape / New Sound for Trebles
- Loud and Exciting Is Not Enough
- There Are No Registers, Only Qualities
- What Are the Perceptual Qualities of Vocal Registers?
- What Are the Perceptual Qualities of Registration?
- Thoughts on How Perceptual Qualities Point to Vocal Function
- Some Basic Principles and Recurring Behaviors
- Epilogue
- Glossary
- Appendix A
- The Waveform
- The Spectrum
- The Spectrogram
- Appendix B
- Bibliography
- Index
- About the Author
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