Essential Guide to the Steel Square

Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Square and True 2 The Modern Steel Square 3 Chapter 2. History of the Steel Square 4 Making Tools in Colonial America 5 Making Steel Tools 8 Making Metal Squares 10 Eagle Square Company 11 Sears, Eagle, and Stanley 14 Chapter 3. A Close Look at the Steel Square 15 Right Triangle 16 Area of the Right Triangle 16 Length of Diagonal 16 Circumference 16 Angles on the Calculator 16 Describing the Square 17 Chapter 4. Types of Squares 20 Try Square 20 Try-Miter Square 23 Combination Square 23 Framing Sqaure 23 Speed Square 24 Chapter 5. Testing for Square 25 Check Against a Standard 26 Use a Straight Edge 27 Checking Two Squares 27 Use the Mirror Image 28 Check a 45 (degree) Speed Square 28 Chapter 6. Truing a Square 30 Steel Squares 30 Machinist's Square 31 Try Square 32 Speed Square 32 Chapter 7. Problem-Solving Techniques 34 The Right Triangle 35 Ratio and Proportion 35 Fences for the Steel Square 36 Using the Adjustable Arm 37 Pulley Sizes and Speed 37 Using the Proportioning Line 38 Comparing Circles and Squares 38 Using the Diagonal 39 Combining Two Circles 39 Square Attachments 40 A Makeshift Level 41 Construct a Protractor 42 Chapter 8. Using the Scales on a Square 43 Essex Board Feet Measure 43 Finding Board Feet 44 Board Feet in Thick Plank 45 Board Feet in Long Plank 45 Brace Measure 46 Brace Length 47 Long Brace Length 48 Hundredths Scale 48 Decimal to Fraction 49 Diagonal Scale 49 Hundredths of an Inch 49 Octagonal Table or Eight -Square Scale 50 Square to Octagon 50 Chapter 9. Stairs 52 Stairways Design Considerations 53 General Stair Rules (Residential) 53 Stair Ratio 55 Stairway Types 56 Designing a staircase 57 The Steel Square in Stair Design 58 Staircase Layout 59 Find the Number of Risers 60 Find the Unit Rise 61 Find the Number of Treads 61 Find the Tread Depth 62 Find the Total Run 62 Final Staircase Dimensions 62 Marking the Stringer 63 Stair and Baluster Problems 63 Building a Ladder Stair 63 Baluster Spacing 66 Spacing Staircase Balusters 67 Spacing Balusters with a Story Pole 68 Chapter 10. Roofs 70 Roof Types 70 The Theory of Roof Framing 72 Rafter Measurement 72 Definition of Terms 76 Chapter 11. Laying Out the Rafters 82 Rafter Length 82 The Building Dimensions 82 1. Find Rafter Length with Math 83 2. Finding Rafter Length Using the Rafter Tables 85 3. Finding Rafter Length Using the Step-Off Method 87 4. Finding Rafter Length by Proportioning 88 5. Finding Rafter Length by Direct Layout 88 Summary of Methods to Find Rafter Length 89 Laying Out Common Rafters 90 Hip and Valley Rafters 92 Length of Hip Rafter 93 Jack Rafters 96 Jack Rafter Length 96 Chapter 12. The Speed Square 98 History 98 Description 99 Using the Speed Square to Cut Common Rafters 100 Hip and Valley Rafters 105 Degree Scale 105 Chapter 13. Circles and Square Problems 106 Find the Center of a Circle 106 Lay Out a Semicircle of Given Diameter 108 Draw a Circle through Three Points 109 Draw a Circle around a Polygon 111 Make an Octagon from a Square 112 Make an Eight-Sided Column from a Square Post 113 Convert a Square to an Octagon 115 Testing a Semicircle 116 Find the Circumference of a Circle from it's Diameter 117 Find a Square with Area Equal to a Circle 118 Find a Circle Equal in Area to a Square 120 Doubling the Area of a Square 121 Halving the Area of a Square 122 Find a Circle Equal in Area to two Other Circles 123 Find a Circle Equal in Area to Two or More Other Circles 125 Find the Length of the Diagonal of a Square 126 Bisect an Angle 128 Chapter 14. Laying Out Angles 130 Reference Lines on the TableSaw 131 Lay Out Angles of 30 (degrees) and 60 (degrees) 132 Lay Out a 45 (degree) Angle 134 Lay Out Any Angle 134 Lay Out Any Angle from 1-45 (degrees) 136 Lay Out Half-Angles 138 Lay Out Degree Fractions 139 Lay Out Any Angle from 45 (degrees) to 90 (degrees) 140 Find Angles for Segmentation Turning 141 Cutting Crown Molding 143 Sawhorse with Splayed Legs 145 Chapter 15.