Current Topics in Cellular Regulation

Calcium as Intracellular Messenger: From Simplicity to Complexity I. Introduction II. The Simplicity of Ca2+ as Messenger III. Ca2+ and Cylic AMP as Synarchic Messengers IV. Ca2+ Metabolism and Calcium Homeostasis During Sustained Cellular Responses V. Ca2+ as Messenger in Sustained Cellular Responses VI. Time-Dependent Changes in Cell Responsiveness VII. The Complexity and Elegance of Ca2+ Messenger Generation, Readout, and Action ReferencesThe Integration of Receptor-Regulated Intracellular Calcium Release and Calcium Entry Across the Plasma Membrane I. Introduction II. Sources of Activator Calcium III. Mechanisms of Intracellular Calcium Release IV. Mechanisms of Calcium Entry V. Conclusions ReferencesThe Role of Calcium in Neurotransmitter Release: Existing Models and New Approaches to Evaluate Possible Mechanisms I. Introduction II. Current Models of the Mechanism of Synaptic Release III. Experimental Models and Techniques Applied to the Study of Secretion IV. Role of Second Messengers in Exocytosis V. Concluding Remarks ReferencesRegulation of Free Calmodulin Levels in Neurons by Neuromodulin: Relationship to Neuronal Growth and Regeneration I. Discovery of Neuromodulin as a Calmodulin-Binding Protein II. Distribution of Neuromodulin within Brain III. Physical Properties of Neuromodulin IV. Primary Amino Acid Sequence of Neuromodulin and Identification of Its Calmodulin-Binding Domain V. Regulation of Calmodulin Binding to Neuromodulin by Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation and Calcineurin Dephosphorylation VI. Cloning of cDNAs Encoding Neuromodulin and Expression of the Protein in Escherichia coli VII. Recognition of the Homology Between Neuromodulin and GAP-43; Physiological Functions of the Protein VIII. Biochemical Model for Regulation of Neurite Extension by Neuromodulin ReferencesCalcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II I. Introduction II. The CaM Kinase II Isozyme Family III. Substrate Consensus Phosphorylation Sequence IV. Regulatory Properties of CaM Kinase II V. Identification of Regulatory Domains of CaM Kinase II VI. Physiological Role of CaM Kinase II VII. Summary ReferencesThe Molecular Structure and Regulation of Muscular Calcium Channels I. Introduction II. Composition of the Skeletal Muscle CaCB Receptor/Calcium Channel III. Primary Sequence of the Channel Subunits IV. Binding Characteristics of the Purified Channel V. Reconstitution of the Calcium Channel Receptor Complex and Its Physiological Function VI. Structure of Nonskeletal Muscle L-Type Calcium Channels VII. In Vivo Regulation and Conclusion ReferencesNa+-Ca2+ Exchanger: The Elusive Protein I. Introduction II. The Beginning: How It All Started III. Stoichiometry and the Effect of Membrane Potential on Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger IV. The Modulating Role of ATP in Na+-Ca2+ Exchange V. Purification of the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger VI. Expression of Na+-Ca2+ Exchange Activity in Xenopus Oocytes VII. Conclusions ReferencesIndex