Current Topics in Cellular Regulation

Eukaryotic DNA Methylation and Gene Expression I. Introduction II. In Vitro Methylation by Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases III. Methylation of the Mouse ß-Globin (Major) Gene IV. DNA Sequence of the Mouse ß-Globin (Major) Gene V. Genomic Sequencing: Direct Sequencing of Native, Uncloned DNA VI. Concluding Remarks ReferencesRegulation of Nitrogenase Activity by Reversible ADP Ribosylation I. Properties of Nitrogenase II. Observations Leading to the Discovery of Covalent Modification of Dinitrogenase Reductase III. Identification of ADP-Ribose as the Modifying Group IV. Purification and Properties of Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase V. Reaction Catalyzed by Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase VI. Discovery, Purification, and Properties of Dinitrogenase Reductase ADP-Ribosyltransferase VII. Role of ADP Ribosylation in the Physiology of Rhodospirillum rubrum VIII. Role of Nucleotides in the Regulation of Switch-Off IX. Role of Pyridine Nucleotides in the Regulation of Switch-Off X. Demonstration That ADP Ribosylation Is Reversible in Vivo XI. Regulation of the ADP Ribosylation Cycle XII. Regulation of Dinitrogenase Reductase in Dark-Grown Cells XIII. Effect of the Oxidation State of Dinitrogenase Reductase on Regulation in Vivo XIV. Role of Divalent Metals in Regulation in Vivo XV. Is ADP Ribosylation of Dinitrogenase Reductase a Fine-Tuning Device or an On-Off Switch? XVI. Relationship to the Glutamine Synthetase Cascade XVII. Genes for Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase and Dinitrogenase Reductase ADP-Ribosyltransferase XVIII. Properties of the ADP-Ribosylated Dinitrogenase Reductase XIX. ADP Ribosylation in Other Organisms XX. Other Roles for Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase and Dinitrogenase Reductase ADP-Ribosyltransferase XXI. Concluding Remarks ReferencesRecognition of DNA by Type II Restriction Enzymes I. Outline of Restriction/Modification Systems II. Molecular Mechanism of DNA Recognition III. Genetic Analysis of Restriction/Modification Systems IV. Characterization of Proteins V. Catalytic Mechanisms of Restriction Enzymes VI. DNA Sequence Specificity VII. Location of Recognition Sites on DNA VIII. Future Prospects ReferencesThe Intracellular Site of Action of Insulin: The Mitochondrial Krebs Cycle I. Introduction II. Anabolic Processes Stimulated by Insulin III. Hexokinase and Mitochondria IV. Action of Insulin on the Gluconeogenic and Oxidative Pathways V. Effects of Insulin on Energy Production and Utilization VI. Receptor and the Glucose Transporter in Relation to the Hexokinase Mitochondrial Theory of Insulin Action: Summary and Predictions ReferencesNonequilibrium Isotope Exchange Methods for Investigating Enzyme Mechanisms I. Introduction II. Theory III. Measurement of Flux Ratios IV. Applications V. Discussion ReferencesTransducin: A Signaling Switch Regulated by Guanine Nucleotides I. Introduction II. cGMP Cascade in Visual Excitation III. Subunits of Transducin IV. Functional Domains of Ta V. Generalized Coupling Mechanism Among Transduction Enzymes VI. Concluding Remarks ReferencesCoordinate Interactions of Cyclic Nucleotide and Phospholipid Metabolizing Pathways in Calcium-Dependent Cellular Processes I. Introduction II. Lipids and cAMP III. Lipids and cGMP IV. Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases and Lipids V. Lipids and Phosphodiesterases VI. Summary and Conclusions ReferencesIndex